PT SSH VERVIEW co 7-98 Notes for Basic Wind Speed Maps (BC Figure 1609) 1. Vales are nol design 3-second gust wind speeds in miles perhour at 3 above ground fo Exposure Catagory. 2 Linear terpolaton between wind contoursis prmited. 5 lands and costal areas cutie the lst contour shal use the last wind speed contourofthe costal area 4. Mourtanous tern, gorges, ocean promontores, and special wind regions halle examined or unusual wind conctons. Par Ure kela i DER) ‘The 2000 Intemational Buling Code ((BC) wind load provisions found in IBC Section 169 canbe dficut io understand. Tere are many options and referenced Standards invohed in determining the wind design loads fr a structure. Tis CCodemaster provides step-by-step instuctons explaining how to delerine the design windloads. Fst, leps 1 through 4 adress now o determine chaactrstes about he structure's locaton and confguraton that dec affect the magnitude of wind lads. Next, Step § leary outnes the diferent methods tht may be used io etermine the stuctue’s wind lads. And fll, the two most commonly used design methods are explained using asteo-by-stepfrmatforeach method. ey ee ne Exposure Catagories A,B, C and D are 2 dassiicaton system established to characte he ground surace roughness forthe steal which he structure wl be constructed. The more obstructons (e .tees, structures, fences, ets) there are on the site upwind ofthe building, the more the wind veloc i reduced due 10 {urbuence and ticton, thus reducing th pressures on the bulding Exposure Ais assigned tothe roughest sites and Exposure Cs assigned tothe smoothest ses Exposure D is reserved fr fl, unobstuctod areas adjacent to open water bodies. The exposure category for any wind crecton ata site neds be determined using {hefolowing descriptons in accordance wth IBC Section 16094 EXP, DESCRIPTION CD) Bea TBC Figuce 1609 shown below presents basic wind sped forthe contiguous United ‘Slates, Alaska and other U.S, trois. The base wind speeds shown reflect he peak ust wind speed recorded within an averaging ime of approximatoly 3 seconds {133 feet above ground for Exposure Category C see Step 2), The special wind ragions (as shown by gray shading onthe map) are required by IBC Section 1609 3 to have thar basic wind speed determined by the local jursdicon. Even if not located na special wind region, iis good idea to confimthe basic wind speed with thelocaljursdcton mwhichthe stuctur wil be uit ro Son Center of age cies wih atleast 50% ofthe buildings having 2 heightin| ‘excess of70 fet. Use of is exposure catogory shal beled to those ‘A. areas for which terain representative of Exposure Aprevaisin the upwind ‘drecton{or distance of atleast one-half mile or 10timestheheight ofthe buldingorolberstuctue, whichever greater United States Urban an suburban areas, wooded areas or ther train wit numerous \osely spaced obstucions having the sizeof single-family dweings | Baer Use ofthis expose category shal be ited to those areas for \which rain representabve of Exposure prevails nthe upwind dreton| {ora detance of at est 1500 fet or 10 bes ne height of he buling or ‘ter structure, whichever greater. (Open terain wih scltered obstuctons having heihts general less CC than 30 feet. This catogory includes fat open county, grasslands and ‘shorainesin hurricane prone regions" Frat, unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water (exchuing shareines inhurcane pre regons) fora distance of atleast 4 mile, Shorelines in Exposure D ince iniand waterways, the Great 1D _Lekesared coasal areas of CA OR WA and AK Ths exposure apes ‘nyt thoeebuldings and other structures exposed to he wind coming ‘ver the water. Exposure D extends land om the shoreline a distance 01500 eetor10timesthe height fthebuidingorstucture whicheveris rater, ‘Hurricane prone epons redefined in BC Section 1609 2as areas vulnerable to hrcanes... ‘2. The US. Aanic Oosan and Gut of Meco coass where the basic wind speed Isgreaterthan 90 mph, and Hawai, Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin sands and American Samoa. Mid and Nerhem Atante | Wester Gulf of Mexico cc (iene The ter "mean root height” in IBC Secon 1609 2s defined asthe average fhe roof eave height and eight to the highest pont on the rot surface, except that, for roof anges of < 10degres, the mean oot heights equalto the rot eave height as ilutaed on te folowing page S |___ Codetaser developed Tes (04701964 C Structures a Cones institute “o.oo ‘Asubsidiary of S. K. Ghosh Associates, Inc. Copyright 2003 by SKGA 1 www.skghoshassociates.com (SBN 0-9712007-2x cation V(mph) Location Rawal 105 Virgin stands 45 Puerto Rico 5 American Samoa 125 170For oof angles of> 10: For roof angles fs Mean roo height, h= (a+ 9)/2 Determine Enclosure Classification of Building When a buldng is designed for wind loads, the encosure classification of the bulging needs to be determined. The intemal pressure that can bull up inside bung depends onthe prosty ofthe bulding ewelope, whichis characterized by its endosure dassficaion. Ile pressures can create a balooning or suction fectas shown below Into Pressure ‘Mean rot height, h= a Boog oposite inal pressure caused whan cperinge war ae prone ot pengs on suction aces. fed when openings on Scton foes predorinte ov epnings on wirawar ces, The IBC defines the openness of @ uldng by classifying X under one of the ‘along dointons(s0018C Section 16082) ‘+ OPENBUILDING 208A foreachsie + PARTIALLY ENCLOSED BUILOING 1. A>1.10A,and 2. A>4ft or>001A, whicheverissmallr,andA,/A, <0.20 whare (see sketch tat flows notations} pererert A=W) [=the sum ofthe areas of openings inthe bulking envelope (walls and oo) not including A, In 9 ‘A =the sum ofthe gross surface areas of he bulting envelope (walls and roo!) nat nelacng A, in 3 + ENCLOSED BUILDING Abuling that does nat quality under the OPEN or PARTIALLY ENCLOSED BUILDING defnitons. Windward Wal Pe ‘ASCE 7-98, Minimum Design Loads fr Buitings and Other Structures, isthe primary referenced standard for wind loads as stated in IBC Secton 160811. However, there are aclualy many ther options avaiable depending upan the typeof structure being designed. Ofcourse, one can avaye use ASCE 7.9, butte folowing "oad map" iiuevaies al of the diferent win design options. For design examples using ferent wind design options please refer to the Seminar 125i Wind Design Workbook ‘avaible at: ww skghoshassocales cm. Pesky Peau RIDGE, OR ESCARPMENT MEETING CRITERIA OF IBC SECTIONS SCCRRRES ET! rr Ser ord Simple diaphragm Se rel roofs and havinga (IBC Section mean root height < 1609.14 cy Beoee aera construction Manual oneerhoes ules eo ets Sey ere) Pra een) ea See enter ren Say ee hs oe Per er upwind obstructions See IBC Section 1609.2 for dentin of simple diaphragm bulking and ow-se buidng This publeaton is entites: Standard for Hurricane Resistant Residential Construction and can be obtained ftom the Inteaonal Code Counc (100), phone (800) 423-8567 or visit wa esate. org ‘This publication canbe obiained frm the Amercan Forest and Paper Associaton, shone 800) 890-7732 ovis wawawe-og “The wind tunel procedure can be used on any bultng and itis @ power to for ‘he designer. ts required tobe used for structures wih highly unusual shapes (nonbox-ke prisms) and wih unusual response characteris ‘What Does It Mean? (ASCE 7-98 Section) K, <1 ad takes into acount th [ASCE 7-98, reduced probably of the maximun Table 65 coming from the same crecton ipage 61 ‘one Bat causes the maimum wind pressure coeficenis Wind Directionality| Factor, K, (6544) The categories range fom that refieting 2 relatively low hazard 0 human fein the event of fare (Category IV to essential fies, Which ar intanded to remain pecational (Category Il). copay on amor Bey acne weesLl dasadleaabentedls abso coamuiael Determine ‘What Does it Mean? (ace 7.96 ‘Secon li used to convert fom | 50-year retum period (basic) wind speod, used | inthe design of Category | Tstuctues, to 100- | year return period wind Speed for he design of Category an strucres, a to 8 25- year retun period wind Speed forthe design of Category IV stuctures. ‘ASCET.96, Table 6-5 (page60)| While tho basic wnd Whats impocantto knows speed V, represents the that he subserpt‘2"is for any wind speed at 33 fet height above ground level and above ground for ‘he subscript isforthe Exposure Category C, mean roofheight.Also,the KV or KV reresents vlocty pressure exposure the wind speed atzorh coofcientmay be calculated feet above the ground for in aocordance with Note 2of the oesign’ Exposure Table 65. Category , willbe greater han 1 ifthe five conditons Importance Factor | ec Table 1004.5 Cn apps i tere are abrupt changes the opcgranhy the ve conditions Ista listed ASCET-98 Sec. ASCET-S6 Socion 657.1 857-1 ext Ktakes txt then detemreK, where mo acount e at at Ker KK andk, Ke fa buling ss on he an, ar seth in ASGET- UBT all of a lated 98, Figure 6-2 (pages 3040). MC @eoaPrat s 2 Iftere aren abrupt changes Seu Pe ng can inthe topography and the °xect10 experience re he wed nde tan sche sce gone K. ee oem level ound. «= Fort suchos (prod <1 Se), se G = 0.85 0 calosate pet ASCE 7.98, Secton 658. = For fexle structures (pred gg (6, for feble 2 1 se), close G per ASCE ings tke rio 7.98, econ 8582. account he oloning to Helptul Notes aflects she Srecton 4. Buldng period can be para to wind loads: cetrmine using IBC Secon —'y wind turbulence wer7a2 suc teracton 2. Where combined gust eect) dynamic amplicon facors and pressure atid fr fexble ceeficients (6,.GC, and buidings, (60, are given in gues anc lade, the gust efec facor reed not be determined separa, 6, reflects how much Foropenbuidings, GC, = | bui-upofpressu is am estimated ext wehin Fox paral endosed the interior of te bulings, GC, = +0 55 and bulking andis = pendent upon he Forenclosed buldings, GC, = | endosue classification — This coeficient snot anplicable to open alongs. 6, 66, an GC, rote the SCT Fs. 63 ie meres esas Si) | @x8on he enor of he a . structure and are dependent upon he geomet carigten ‘Fee sting te rel These eet af a applicable o open beng. GC. ter camgorens ane clang aso depen a c,tor | ASCET-06, Fis. 65 eflcive wind ara, whichis components tHOUGH ES dated n ASCE 7-86, Secon ind (ages 45s) 62 Cladding (e522) Design Rigid Bulldings-MWERS Wind Alleights: p=aSC,-4(6C,) Pressure Lowrise: p=@j((GC,)- (GC, (65m21) G6, for | ASCET-S8 Fig. 64 LowRise (p29243) NWFRS* (65.121) Flexible Buildings -MWFRS (GC,)-q(6C,) ‘Components and Cladding (C&C) Lowe andbuings inh <6O%: p=ql(GC,)-(6C,)] Bung with > 60 p= GC.) -4(GC,) Nateson a + arepresni the velocity pressure whichis the Conversion ofthe basicwnd speed io pressure aa Specterlght 0258(K,NK,K,)V ND) as defined in ASCE 7 98, Secion 65 10 «For defritons of gq, ee ASCE 7-98, Secton on h SGA, For Opan _ where C,= net force coeficints rom Tale 6-0 through 6 Buildings 2 ‘and Other A= projected area normal tothe wind excopt Structures ‘whore Cis specie for he actual surtace (65.13) area, 59 “Thewinddesigofastuctueypcalyinvves wo aspects othe buldng design of (Nhe MWERSend(2)heC 8G "Man Wind Fore Reastng Sytem (MFRS): An assemblage of stucra ‘ements assigned Io provide supper and stably fr Be oral seucure. The stom gonralrecaves nd oadg fo morethanone sare. * Component and lading (© & ace . Ch Elenens of he buldeg |_| Ne? Wi Force Resig Sr ervloe at donot qualify 08 fat of the main wnd force redstg systan, Bamps of components ae fasteners pares and gis, and examples 1 ing ae wall and oot overngs, cutain.wals. and reeadcoors. [NOTE: The minimum wind load for both the MWFRS and components and cladding is 10 pst in accordance with IBC Section 1608.12. Also, anchorage and overturning, uplift and sliding need to be checked in accordance with BC Section 1609.13. SeealsoASCE Section 6.1.4