Metal

Material Material Type Label /Type

Quality

ML/MQ
Wrought,
Normalized Low normalized, Low ME St
Carbon Steels & Carbon Steels
Cast Steels
(Thép đúc, thép ML/MQ
cacbon thấp thường
hóa) Cast Steels ME St[cast]

Black Malleable GTS

Cast Iron ML/MQ [perl]

ME
Nodular
Cast Iron
ML/MQ
GGG
Cast Iron Materials
(Gang)

ME
Grey ML/MQ
Cast Irons ME
GG

Through-Hardened
Wrought Steels ML
(Thép rèn tôi thấu)

Nominally >0.2% Carbon Steels V

MQ
Carbon.

ME

ML

MQ
Alloy Steels V
 Alloy Steels V

ME

Through-Hardened
Cast Steels Carbon Steels ML/MQ
(Thép đúc tôi thấu)
V[cast]

Nominally > 0.2%C (Low to Medium) ME

ML/MQ
Alloy Steels V[cast]
ME

ML
MQ

Case Hardened
Wrought Steels
----- Eh
(Thép rèn biến cứng
bề mặt)

ME

ML

Flame or Induction
Hardened Wrought ----- IF
MQ
or Cast Steels

ME

Nitrided Wrought
ML
Steels

Nitriding Steels MQ

Nitriding Steels NT

Through Hardening
ME
Steels, Nitrided

ML
Through
NV
Hardening Steel
 Through
MQ NV
Hardening Steel
ME

ML

Wrought Steels Through MQ

HV (nitro-carb)
Nitro-Carburized Hardening Steels

ME

ML - limited demands on the material quality and on the material heat treatment process during gear manufacture.
MQ - requirements met by experienced manufacturers at moderate cost.
ME - requirements realized when a high degree of operating reliability is required.
St = Structural Steel σ < 800MPa [Mild Steel];
U

Normalised
•
Structural Steel,
Cast Structural
•
Steel;
• Cast Alloy Steel
• Cast Carbon Steel
V = Through-hardening steel, through-hardened, Quench and Tempered, σ U

Alloy Steel (Carbon

•
≥ 0.2%)
Carbon Steel
•
(Carbon ≥ 0.2%)
GG = Grey Cast Iron
GGG = Spheroidal (Pearlitic, Bainitic, Ferritic) Cast Iron
GTS [perl] = Black malleable Cast Iron [pearlitic structure]
Eh = Carburized Case-Hardening Steel. Case Hardened
Core Hardness ≥
•
30HRC
Core Hardness ≥
• 25HRC ,Jominy ≥
28HRC
Core Hardness ≥
• 25HRC ,Jominy <
28HRC
IF = Steel and GGG,.Flame or Induction Hardened
NT (nitr)= Gas Nitriding Steel
NV (nitr) = Through-hardening, nitrided
NV (nitro-carb) = Through-hardening and case-hardening steel, nitro-carburized
σ < ultimate tensile strength, approximately 3.4×BHN MPa
U
Contact Stress Endurance
Limit, Mpa Hardness Range Min Hardness Max Hardness

[5x10 ];[1%Rel]
7

1.000×HB + 190 110 - 210 HB 110 210

1.520×HB + 250 110 - 210 HB 110 210

0.986×HB + 131 140 - 210 HB 140 210

1.143×HB + 237 110 - 210 HB 110 210

1.371×HB + 143 135 - 250 HB 135 250

1.333×HB + 267 175 - 250 HB 175 250

1.434×HB + 211 175 - 300 HB 175 300

1.500×HB + 250 200 - 300 HB 200 300

1.033×HB + 132 150 - 240 HB 150 240

1.465×HB + 122 175 - 275 HB 175 275

0.963×HV+283 135 - 210 HV 135 210

0.925×HV+360 135 - 210 HV 135 210

0.838×HV+432 135 - 210 HV 135 210

1.313×HV+188 200 - 360 HV 200 360

1.313×HV+373 200 - 360 HV 200 360

2.213×HV+260 200 - 390 HV 200 390

0.831×HV+300 130 - 215 HV 130 215

0.951×HV+345 130 - 215 HV 130 215

1.276×HV+298 200 - 360 HV 200 360

1.350×HV+356 200 - 360 HV 200 360

1300 600 - 800 HV

1500 660 - 800 HV
1650 660 - 800 HV
[58-64HRC]

0.740×HV+602 485 - 615 HV 485 615

0.541×HV+882 500 - 615 HV 500 615

0.505×HV+1013 500 - 615 HV 500 615

1125 650 - 900 HV

1250 650 - 900 HV

1450 650 - 900 HV

788 450 - 650 HV

 998 450 - 650 HV
1217 450 - 650 HV

0.000×HV + 650 300 - 650 HV 300 650

1.167×HV + 425 300 - 450 HV 300 450

0.000×HV + 950 450 - 650 HV 450 650

heat treatment process during gear manufacture.

e cost.
ility is required.

mpered, σ ≥ 800MPa
U

ro-carburized
 Contact Stress Contact Stress
Endurance Limit, Endurance Limit, Examples Steels and Cast Irons
Mpa Mpa

300 400 • St50.2, 1.0050, E295

417.2 569.2 • St60-2, 1.0060, E335

• St70-2, 1.0070, E360

269.04 338.06 • GE200, 1.0420

362.73 477.03 • GE240, 1.0446

• GE300, 1.0558
• EN-GJMB-350-10 : HB 150
328.085 485.75 • EN-GJMB-500-5 : HB 165-215
• EN-GJMB-600-2 : HB 195-245
500.275 600.25 • EN-GJMB-700-2 : HB 240-290
• EN-GJS-400-15 : HB 135-180
• EN-GJS-500-14 : HB 170-215
461.95 641.2 • EN-GJS-600-10 : HB 190-230
• EN-GJS-700-2 : HB 210-305
• EN-GJS-800-2 : HB 240-335
550 700 • EN-GJS-900-2
• EN-GJL-200, GG20
286.95 379.92 • EN-GJL-300, GG30
• EN-GJL-350, GG35

378.375 524.875 • EN-GJL-400, GG40

413.005 485.23 • C40E, 1.1186

484.875 554.25 • C45E, 1.1191, 1045,

545.13 607.98

450.6 660.68 • 42CrMo5, 1.7225

635.6 845.68 • 100Cr6

702.6 1123.07

408.03 478.665 • G26CrMo4, G34CrMo4, G35CrNiMo6-6

468.63 549.465 • G42CrMo4 :1.7231

553.2 757.36

626 842

C14E/C10R/C15E/C15R/
17Cr3 [1.7016],
16MnCr5 [1.7131]
20MnCr5 [1.7147]
15NiCr13 [1.5752]
17CrNi6-6 [1.5918]
18CrNiMo7-6 [1.6587]
20NiCrMo2-2,
22CrMoS3-5
17NiCrMo6-4,

EN36 - 1.5752 - 14NiCr4, SAE8620, En353,

960.9 1057.1

1152.5 1214.715

1265.5 1323.575

EN40B
650 650

775.1 950.15

950 950
 Contact
Stress
Endura
nce Hardne
Materia Metal Label Limit, Examples Steels and
Material ss Cast Irons
l Type Quality /Type MPa Range

[5x10 ];
7

[1%Rel]
1.000× St50.2,
110 -
Wrough ML/MQ HB + • 1.0050,
210 HB E295
t, 190
normali 1.520× St60-2,
110 -
zed, ME St HB + • 1.0060,
210 HB E335
Normali Low 250
zed Carbon St70-2,
Low Steels • 1.0070,
Carbon E360
Steels 0.986×
140 - GE200,
& Cast ML/MQ HB + •
1.0420
210 HB
Steels 131
Cast St[cast 1.143×
110 - GE240,
Steels ME ] HB + •
1.0446
210 HB
237
GE300,
•
1.0558
Black EN-GJMB-
Malleab GTS • 350-10 :
le HB 150

EN-GJMB-
Cast 1.371× 500-5 :
[perl] 135 - •
Iron ML/MQ HB + HB 165-
250 HB 215
143

EN-GJMB-
• 600-2 : HB
195-245

1.333× EN-GJMB-
175 -
ME HB + • 700-2 : HB
250 HB 240-290
267

EN-GJS-
400-15 :
Nodular •
HB 135-
180
EN-GJS-
Cast 500-14 :
•
Iron HB 170-
215
Cast 1.434×
Iron 175 -
ML/MQ HB +
Materia 300 HB
211
ls GGG
Cast 1.434× EN-GJS-
Iron 175 - 600-10 :
ML/MQ HB + •
HB 190-
Materia 300 HB
211 230
ls GGG
EN-GJS-
• 700-2 : HB
210-305

EN-GJS-
• 800-2 : HB
240-335

1.500×
200 - EN-GJS-
ME HB + •
900-2
300 HB
250
EN-GJL-
Grey ML/MQ •
200, GG20

1.033×
Cast 150 - EN-GJL-
ME HB + •
300, GG30
Irons 240 HB
132
GG
EN-GJL-
•
350, GG35

1.465×
175 - EN-GJL-
HB + •
400, GG40
275 HB
122

Throug
h-
0.963×
Harden 135 - C40E,
ML HV+28 •
1.1186
ed 210 HV
3
Wrough
t Steels

Carbon
Nomina V
Steels 0.925× C45E,
lly 135 -
MQ HV+36 • 1.1191,
>0.2% 210 HV 1045,
0
Carbon.

0.838×
135 -
ME HV+43
210 HV
2

1.313×
200 - 42CrMo5,
ML HV+18 •
1.7225
360 HV
8
1.313×
Alloy 200 -
MQ V HV+37 • 100Cr6
Steels 360 HV
3
2.213×
200 -
ME HV+26
390 HV
0
Throug G26CrMo4
h- 0.831× ,
Carbon 130 - G34CrMo4
Harden ML/MQ HV+30 •
,
Steels 215 HV
ed Cast 0 G35CrNiM
Steels V[cast] o6-6

Nomina (Low to 0.951×

130 - G42CrMo4
lly > Medium ME HV+34 •
:1.7231
215 HV
0.2%C ) 5
1.276×
200 -
ML/MQ HV+29
360 HV
Alloy 8
V[cast]
Steels 1.350×
200 -
ME HV+35
360 HV
6
600 - C14E/C10R/C15E/C15
ML 1300 R/
800 HV
660 -
MQ 1500 17Cr3 [1.7016],
800 HV
660 -
1650 16MnCr5 [1.7131]
800 HV
[58-
Case 20MnCr5 [1.7147]
64HRC]
Harden
15NiCr13 [1.5752]
ed ----- Eh
Wrough 17CrNi6-6 [1.5918]
t Steels 18CrNiMo7-6 [1.6587]
20NiCrMo2-2,
22CrMoS3-5
17NiCrMo6-4,
EN36 - 1.5752 -
ME 14NiCr4, SAE8620,
En353,
Flame 0.740×
or 485 -
ML HV+60
Inducti 615 HV
2
on
Harden 0.541×
----- IF 500 -
ed MQ HV+88
615 HV
Wrough 2
t or 0.505×
Cast 500 -
ME HV+10
Steels 615 HV
13

Nitride
d 650 -
ML 1125
Wrough 900 HV
t Steels

Nitridin 650 -
MQ 1250
g Steels Nitridin 900 HV
NT EN40B
g Steels
 Nitridin
NT EN40B
g Steels
Throug
h
Hardeni
650 -
ng ME 1450
900 HV
Steels,
Nitride
d
450 -
Throug ML 788
650 HV
h
450 -
Hardeni MQ NV 998
650 HV
ng
450 -
Steel ME 1217
650 HV
0.000×
300 -
ML HV +
650 HV
Wrough Throug 650
t Steels h HV 1.167×
300 -
Nitro- Hardeni MQ (nitro- HV +
450 HV
Carburi ng carb) 425
zed Steels 0.000×
450 -
ME HV +
650 HV
950
b 0.000119684 m
F 2865 N
R 0.028 m
v 0.295
L 0.06 m
E 2.17E+11 N/m2

pmax 253990903.1 N/m2 253.9909 Mpa

Độ cứng HB cần thiết 7.050167275

Độ cứng HB với s =1.5 10.57525091