Introducing Formulas and Functions

1. Operators
2. Cell Refereces
3. Name Ranges
4. Excel Errors
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Operators Used in Formulas

Operator Precedence in Excel Formulas

Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally BODMAS

Parentheses e.g. [ ], { }, ( ) Brackets
Exponents Orders
Multiplication, Division (Left to Right) Division, Multiplication (Left
Addition, Subtratction (Left to Right) Addition, Subtratction (Left t
ulas

Formulas

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ets
s
on, Multiplication (Left to Right)
on, Subtratction (Left to Right)
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Using Relative, Absolute, without and Mixe

Relative Cell References Absolute Cell References Without Cell Refere

Item Quantity Price Total Value Num Price

Chair $0.00 0
Desk $0.00 0
Lamp $0.00 0

• Relative: The row and column references can change when you copy the formula to another c
current row and column. By default, Excel creates relative cell references in formulas.

• Absolute: The row and column references don’t change when you copy the formula because t
reference uses two dollar signs in its address: one for the column letter and one for the row num

• Mixed: Either the row or column reference is relative, and the other is absolute. Only one of th
ute, without and Mixed References
Without Cell References Mixed References

Value Answer 1 1.5 2 2.5

A 1 1 1.5 2 2.5
1.5 1.5 2.25 3 3.75
2 2 3 4 5
2.5 2.5 3.75 5 6.25

y the formula to another cell because the references are actually offsets from the
ces in formulas.

opy the formula because the reference is to an actual cell address. An absolute
er and one for the row number (for example, $A$5).

is absolute. Only one of the address parts is absolute (for example, $A4 or A$4).
 Catering Invoice
Back

Menu Item Price Quantity Total

Tamales: Carnitas $2.29 20 $45.80
Tamales: Vegetable $2.29 30 $68.70
Empanadas: Nutella & Banana $3.99 40 $159.60
Tax
Total
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 #DIV/0!

#NAME?

#N/A

#REF!

Err:502

Err:502

=LEFT(A2,-1) Err:502
 3

1
2
3

If the number of characters specified is negative, it returns an error