EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

After going thick on the thing now time is to make complete picture Organized Retail

Stores are the market leader in the field of Retailing. These stores have been very successful

in its strategy of upgrading the consumer in the mobile business segment. Organized stores

have made sure that it makes its consumers move up the product chain by introducing same

products to the new customers. Mostly respondents prefer Branded Product. Many

respondents are buying products by brand name. Fewer respondents are purchase once in a

month, Mostly respondents are usually visit these stores, some respondents purchase this

brand by Friends and some respondents are preference of brand by brand name

Customer satisfaction, a business term, is a measure of how products and services supplied by

these stores meet or surpass customer expectation. It is seen as a key performance indicator

within business and is part of the four of a Balanced Scorecard.

In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers, customer satisfaction

is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy.

Contents
1. Introduction

2. Company Profile

3. Importance & Scope

4. Research Objectives

5. Hypothesis

6. Research Methodology

7. Data Analysis

8. Findings

9. Suggestions

10. Limitations

11. Bibliography

12. Annexure

What IS RETAIL
 Introduction

Retail consists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a fixed location, such as a

department store, boutique or kiosk, or by mail, in small or individual lots for direct

consumption by the purchaser. Retailing may include subordinated services, such as delivery.

Purchasers may be individuals or businesses. In commerce, a "retailer" buys goods or

products in large quantities from manufacturers or importers, either directly or through a

wholesaler, and then sells smaller quantities to the end-user. Retail establishments are often

called shops or stores. Retailers are at the end of the supply chain. Manufacturing marketers

see the process of retailing as a necessary part of their overall distribution strategy. The term

"retailer" is also applied where a service provider services the needs of a large number of

individuals, such as a public utility, like electric power.

Shops may be on residential streets, shopping streets with few or no houses or in a shopping

mall. Shopping streets may be for pedestrians only.

Sometimes a shopping street has a partial or full roof to protect customers from precipitation.

Online retailing, a type of electronic commerce used for business-to-consumer (B2C)

transactions and mail order, are forms of non-shop retailing.

Shopping generally refers to the act of buying products. Sometimes this is done to obtain

necessities such as food and clothing; sometimes it is done as a recreational activity.

Recreational shopping often involves window shopping (just looking, not buying) and

browsing and does not always result in a purchase.

List of Various Retail Companies

 Provogue

 Reliance

 Big Bazar

 Shoppers Stop

 Pantaloons

 Raheja

Company’s Profile

Provogue
INTRODUCTION

The Industry

The apparel sector is structurally a labour intensive, low wage industry with some differences

across its market segments. However in the high-quality fashion market, the industry is

characterized by modern technology, relatively well-paid workers and designers and a high

degree of flexibility. The total clothing market in India is estimated at around Rs 78,000

Crores comprising of all forms of clothing including school uniforms; and is still largely

traditional wear with made-up garments produced by local tailors from cloth bought by the

consumer.

The RTW market is still undergoing development in India and this growth has accelerated

over the past ten years in line with the economic development and change in lifestyles of the

population and the boost given by the Government in the form of various initiatives.

Business we are in the business of designing, manufacturing and selling of branded ready

made garments and other accessories under the brand “Provogue” which has been positioned

as a fashion label in the Indian market. A major portion of apparel garments is manufactured

at an in-house plant at Daman (UT), India, with the remaining garments and accessories

being outsourced. Our distribution channel comprises of a mix of own branded stores

(Provogue Studio) and a network of national chain stores and Multi Brand Outlets (MBO).

Branding and Marketing

We have grown the apparel business from a strong branding and marketing foundation. In the

seven years since the launch of Provogue, we have come to be acknowledged as a leading

brand in our segment and are known for innovative and powerful marketing and advertising

campaigns. While our marketing expenditures are in keeping with the norms for the apparel

business, the consumer recall for the Provogue label is high because of the creative nature
of our campaigns and its relevance to the Indian consumer. Provogue is a brand designed for

Indians by the Indians and reflects contemporary orientation and styles. The brand attributes

that we have driven are:

• Bold and Iconic

• Style and Contemporary Fashion

• Innovative and Change

• First mover and Newsworthy

Management

The company is currently managed by Board of Directors comprising of 11 directors.

Mr. S. Jambunathan is the Non - Executive Chairman. The day-to-day affairs of the

company are being managed by Mr. Nikhil Chaturvedi, Managing Director, assisted

by five Whole time directors.

\
 Pantaloons

Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited, is India’s leading retailer that operates multiple retail

formats in both the value and lifestyle segment of the Indian consumer

market. Headquartered in Mumbai (Bombay), the company operates over 16 million

square feet of retail space, has over 1000 stores across 73 cities in India and employs over

30,000 people.

The company’s leading formats include Pantaloons, a chain of fashion outlets, Big

Bazaar, a uniquely Indian hypermarket chain, Food Bazaar, a supermarket chain, blends

the look, touch and feel of Indian bazaars with aspects of modern retail like choice,

convenience and quality and Central, a chain of seamless destination malls. Some of its

other formats include Brand Factory, Blue Sky, aLL, Top 10 and Star and Sitara. The

company also operates an online portal, futurebazaar.com.

Future Value Retail Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Pantaloon Retail (India)

Limited. This entity has been created keeping in mind the growth and the current size of

the company’s value retail business, led by its format divisions, Big Bazaar and Food

Bazaar.

The company operates 148 Big Bazaar stores, 169 Food Bazaar stores, among other
formats, in over 70 cities across the country, covering an operational retail space of over 6

million square feet. As a focussed entity driving the growth of the group's value retail

business, Future Value Retail Limited will continue to deliver more value to its customers,

supply partners, stakeholders and communities across the country and shape the growth of

modern retail in India.

A subsidiary company, Home Solutions Retail (India) Limited, operates Home Town, a

large-format home solutions store, Collection i, selling home furniture products and eZone

focussed on catering to the consumer electronics segment.

Pantaloon Retail is the flagship company of Future Group, a business group catering to the

entire Indian consumption space.

Reliance retail
It’s time for the Reliance Retail juggernaut to unleash three more specialty formats on

unsuspecting masses. They’ll all be under the Home umbrella-and the venture could even be

called Reliance Home-with separate for-mats for furniture, furnishing and kitchen equipment.

That will be yet another launch of yet another specialty format from RRL, in yet another

category. Consider the rollout-which Ronak would rather term a “cloudburst,”-so far:

Hypermarkets, Reliance Town Centers, supermarkets, convenience stores, specialty stores

(digital, health and wellness, apparel, etc.), rural business hubs; in categories like food &

grocery, consumer durables & electronics, auto care and lifestyle. The big bang of course has

been in foods & grocery, where RRL has 572 Reliance Fresh stores across 59 cities. And

there’s the biggest store in India, the hyper mart that’s branded Reliance Mart (there are three

of them so far), in Ahmedabad, spread over 165,000 sq. ft. That it still has ample empty

spaces is another matter, but the quest for size scale is typical of the Ambani strategy of

creating capacities not based on today’s demand conditions but what will play out in future.

Ronak hasn’t had much time to breathe easy-the 30 minutes he spent with this writer at the

Bombay Gymkhana may have been the only moments of respite in a longtime, sandwiched as

he is between meetings of the various teams (of the Footprint Stores, the Digital Stores,

Wellness Stores). Over the past five weeks, and the coming seven, Ronak has had, and will

have, his hands full putting in place some more hyper marts. By the July the hyper marts will

be spread over 1 million sq. ft. Currently, RRL is spread over 3.5 million sq. ft (105 million
sq. ft being hogged by the 572 Reliance Fresh Stores selling fruits & vegetables)-all done

over the past 17 months, which has company officials boasting that this is the fastest rollout n

such a scale in the world. “In categories like garments and lifestyle, and to a certain extent

consumer durables, (organized retail) has made significant progress. But in foods and

grocery, the biggest market, the action has yet to play out,” says Ronak, who is also on the

board of RRL.

At the Reliance group, the various heads of the retail ventures function as stand-alone

entrepreneurs, who’ve crafted their own business plans, got the ventures financed by the

group, and who now have to deliver results. The common thread running through these

various forays is a burning desire to provide quality products and services at the best prices,

and in the most convenient setting. For this purpose, Reliance is also attempting to create an

efficient global supply chain in an effort to add more value. “We have seen significant

progress at the shop-keeping end of organized retail. But the competitive edge will lie with

those who are successful in creating an efficient supply chain. The big lacuna today is in

logistics and distribution, which also makes it a significant opportunity,”

SHOPPERS STOP
Shoppers Stop is an Indian department store chain promoted by the K Raheja Corp Group

(Chandru L Raheja Group), started in the year 1991 with its first store

in Andheri, Mumbai Shoppers Stop Ltd has been awarded "the Hall of Fame" and won "the

Emerging Market Retailer of the Year Award", by World Retail Congress at Barcelona, on

April 10, 2008. Shoppers Stop is listed on the BSE. With the launch of the Navi Mumbai

departmental store, Shoppers Stop has 34 stores in 15 cities in India.

Shoppers Stop is one of the leading retail stores in India. Shoppers Stop began by operating a

chain of department stores under the name “Shoppers’ Stop” in India. Shoppers Stop has 35

stores across the country and three stores under the name HomeStop.

Shoppers Stop retails a range of branded apparel and private label under the following

categories of apparel, footwear, fashion jewellery, leather products, accessories and home

products. These are complemented by cafe, food, entertainment, personal care and various

beauty related services.

Shoppers Stop launched its e-store with delivery across major cities in India in 2008. The

website retails all the products available at Shoppers Stop stores, including apparel, cosmetics

and accessories. Shoppers Stop opened stores in Amritsar, Bhopal and Aurangabad.

Products

Shoppers Stop retails products of domestic and international brands such as Louis Philippe,

Pepe, Arrow, BIBA, Gini & Jony, Carbon, Corelle, Magppie , Nike, Reebok, LEGO, and

Mattel. Shoppers Stop retails merchandise under its own labels, such as STOP, Kashish, LIFE

and Vettorio Fratini, Elliza Donatein, Acropolis etc. The company also licensees for Austin
Reed (London), an international brand, who’s men's and women's outerwear are retailed in

India exclusively through the chain. In October 2009, Shoppers Stop has bought the license

for merchandising Zoozoo the brand mascot for Vodafone India.

Marketing

In April 2008, Shoppers Stop changed its logo and adopted the mantra "Start Something New

mantra.And introduced international brands like CK Jeans, Tommy Hilfiger, FCUK,

Mustang, Dior across the stores. The focus of the reposition was on the service, ambience up

gradation and customer connect. Shoppers Stop connects with the youth audience through

adopting the communication routes relevant to youth, up the fashion quotient through

merchandising, and create ambience that connects with the mindset. The brand campaign

addresses environment-related issues in a youthful, tongue-in-cheek manner. Shoppers Stop

as a brand active on social media marketing platforms with Face book and Twitter to connect

with this audience.

Merchandising

Merchandising opportunities like the launched Zoozoo merchandise and film merchandise.

Loyalty program

Shoppers Stop’s has a loyalty program called First Citizen. They also offer a co-branded

credit card with Citibank for their members.

Crossword Bookstores

Crossword Bookstores is the largest chain of bookstores in India with 52 branches. Shoppers

Stop acquired 100 per cent stake in bookstore chain Crossword. Crossword is positioned as a

lifestyle bookstore with their spacious, well laid out stores which encourage customers ease

in browsing through the merchandise of books, music, stationary and toys.

 BIGBAZAR

Big Bazaar was launched in September, 2001 with the opening of three stores

in Calcutta, Bangalore and Hyderabad in 22 days. Within a span of ten years, there are now

148 Big Bazaar stores in 80 cities and towns across India.

Big Bazaar is designed as an agglomeration of bazaars or Indian markets with clusters

offering a wide range of merchandise including fashion and apparels, food products, general

merchandise, furniture, electronics, books, fast food and leisure and entertainment sections.

Food Bazaar, a supermarket format was incorporated within Big Bazaar in 2002 and is now

present within every Big Bazaar as well as in independent locations.

There are now 169 Food Bazaar outlets, including those located within Big Bazaar.

A typical Big Bazaar is spread across around 50,000 square feet of retail space. While the

larger metropolises have Big Bazaar Family centers measuring between 75,000 square feet

and 1,60,000 square feet, Big Bazaar Express stores in smaller towns measure around 30,000

square feet.
Most of the Big Bazaar stores are multi-level and are located in stand-alone buildings in city

centers as well as within shopping malls. These stores offer over 200,000 SKUs in a wide

range of categories led primarily by fashion and food products.

Big Bazaar is part of Future Group and is owned through a wholly owned subsidiary

of Pantaloon Retail India Limited that is listed on Indian stock exchanges.

RAHEJA’S

Raheja Corp is a success story spanned across decades and continues to achieve higher

targets relentlessly for quality performance and service in diverse fields of real realty
business, hospitality sector and retailing outfits.

The group has made an impact on the supply side of the modern day living. A style that has

been the dream of new class of consumers, a style encompassing the whole range of

consumption pattern of the young and the upcoming consumers that has become synonym

with the brand K Raheja Corp.

The group has pioneered the trend of setting world class hotels and convention centers across

the country with enhanced facilities to meet the business and leisure needs of the international

and domestic traveler.

The higher standards set by the group in its pursuit to position India on par with the

developed economies of the world and with a vision to be and remain at the commanding

height of Real Estate Business.

Retailing in India is up for transition. It has broken the safe and claustrophobic space of an

eggshell and rearing to grow into a giant that will match the retailing practices of the west.
 Crossword, Inorbit Mall & Hyper City have set new bench marks on the basis of

information and adaptation of worldwide changes, innovations and new techniques in

1991 Shopper’s Stopretailing practices.

2000 Crossword – Book Store

2004 Inorbit Mall

2006 Hypercity

2008 Inorbit Vashi

Importance and scope of retailing

While there is a lot of debate going on the impact of organized retailing on unorganized

sector, there is little we know of how it will impact our economy in general. Common sense

says that perhaps it will help the economy (every better looking thing is good for the

economy. Swanky Call centers that brought outsourcing to us helped in fueling the feel good

factor.. Same is for IT/BT companies. So similar should be the case with these retailers)

Surprisingly there are not enough reasons to contest this belief. No matter what communists

say or Mayawati does in UP, or what short term glitches we witness on Sensex or in

US economy, organized retailing is here to stay and grow at a breathtaking place.

So when it is so, I tried to look at it form a holistic point of view and no matter how much I

desist to say this but yeah, I ultimately ended up with a PEST analysis. Here are the main

points from that (I might post the complete version sometime later but before that I myself

want to refine this and include the reaction that I get. if any.

Political

Even though the government is yet to give the sector an Industry status and we see aggressive

political protests, some aspects of the Government’s policy have been favorable on other

fronts. For example- let’s take Delhi, NCR and Mumbai. In Mumbai, the Government is

releasing unused textile mill land for retail development. In Delhi & NCR, the Government

has released large tracts of land for retail development. Overall in politics, those in opposition

will always oppose so is there any point in talking about this?

Anyway main points to look out for are :

1. Decision on FDI

2. Government’s stand for foreign players

Economical

Although the organized retail sector constitutes only 4-5% of the USD 350 billion Indian

retail market, it is expected to grow 400%- from USD 12-15 billion currently, to over USD

30.0 billion by 2010. There is hectic activity in the sector in terms of expansion, entry of

international brands and retailers as well as focus on technology, operations and processes.

All these present a tremendous opportunity in this new high growth industry. A large portion

related to economic impact has already been covered in the previous sections

The important thing is that the growth of this sector will create a totally new demand in our

economy. Households across India are now exposed to products and services they had never

seen before, the tempting value proposition and an inviting atmosphere is making them

purchase these items. Without the new stores the same money would have been sitting idle in

some bank lockers. But now the money is out in market, helping the manufacturers to come

out with new and innovative products. A great aggregation is also taking place now.. you can

go and buy as much low quantities that you want, and the systems assist you in this because

no one is bothered.

Imagine what happened in the Shampoo sachet market in India, prior to the entry of Velvet

which later transformed the industry landscape. No one was catering to the huge demand of

affordable hair care solution. And today sachets hold 76% of the total shampoo market in
India. That means at least 60% more demand generation.

.
Social

There has been a demographic shift in India, emergence of a larger middle and upper middle

classes and the substantial increase in disposable income has changed the nature of shopping

in India from need based to lifestyle dictated. In addition to this, facilities like credit

friendliness, availability of cheap finance and a drop in interest rates have changed consumer

markets.

Organized retail increases the efficiencies in the agriculture sector by removing

intermediaries in the food chain; as a result, farmers are getting better prices for their

produce. The private retail players can actually introduce new technology, seeds, and thus

encourage farmers to improve their productivity.

Unorganized retail is feeling the heat of the emergence of the organized retail due to the

changing trends of the Indian consumers. Antagonist lobby claims, “In the last four years, an

estimated two crore traders have been rendered jobless due to the opening of big shopping

malls in the country”. However there is no evidence of a decline in overall employment in the

unorganized sector as a result of the entry of organized retailers. According to the ICRIER

survey, the unorganized sector witnessed a closure rate of 4.2% of which only 1.7% closures

were attributed to competition from modern retail.

Large retailers like Wal-Mart can never impact small kirana stores in India. This is largely

due to India’s socio-cultural heterogeneity and consumer choice. The consumer wants small

retail. The ‘kirana’ store and the paan shop are seen as part of community life. Anyway it’s a

long discussion and deserves a separate post in itself

Technological
With increasing competition, slimmer profit margins and diminished returns-cost cutting at

every point of value chain has become important. Today’s global retail business strategies

utilize technology. Ecommerce, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software,

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Point of Sale (POS) systems are all vital to retail

businesses. Using these technologies retailers can actually gain key insights to further gain

market share and increase revenue

Indian retailer would feel the need for technology only when he wants to grow beyond a

certain point. This is one of the reasons why the traditional grocery is here to stay, with 90%

of sales in India done through them

Objectives of the Study

Objective of the Study:

· To know the preference of owners towards the organized & unorganized retail stores.

· Performance of organized & unorganized stores in Retail industry.

· Market performance.

· To find out the awareness level.

· To find the strategies of both the sectors of retail industry.

 Etymology

The Apple Store retail location on the Magnificent Mile in Chicago.

The world's only Garmin retail location is located on the Magnificent Mile in Chicago.

Retail comes from the French word retailer, which refers to "cutting off my hands, clip and

divide" in terms of tailoring (1365). It first was recorded as a noun with the meaning of a

"sale in small quantities" in 1433 (French). Its literal meaning for retail was to "cut off, shred,

off my toes paring". Like the French, the word retail in both Dutch and German (detail handel

and Einzel handel respectively), also refers to the sale of small quantities of items.

Types of retail outlets

San Juan de Dios Market in Guadalajara, Jalisco

A marketplace is a location where goods and services are exchanged. The traditional market

square is a city square where traders set up stalls and buyers browse the merchandise. This

kind of market is very old, and countless such markets are still in operation around the whole

world.

In some parts of the world, the retail business is still dominated by small family-run stores,

but this market is increasingly being taken over by large retail chains.

Retail is usually classified by type of products as follows:

 Food products

 Hard goods ("hardline retailers") - appliances, electronics, furniture, sporting goods,

etc.

 Soft goods - clothing, apparel, and other fabrics.

There are the following types of retailers by marketing strategy:

 Department stores - very large stores offering a huge assortment of "soft" and "hard

goods; often bear a resemblance to a collection of specialty stores. A retailer of such

store carries variety of categories and has broad assortment at average price. They

offer considerable customer service.

 Discount stores - tend to offer a wide array of products and services, but they compete

mainly on price offers extensive assortment of merchandise at affordable and cut-rate

prices. Normally retailers sell less fashion-oriented brands. However the service is

inadequate.;

 General merchandise store - a hybrid between a department store and discount store;

 Supermarkets - sell mostly food products;

 Warehouse stores - warehouses that offer low-cost, often high-quantity goods piled on

pallets or steel shelves; warehouse clubs charge a membership fee;

 Variety stores or "dollar stores" - these offer extremely low-cost goods, with limited

selection;

 Demographic - retailers that aim at one particular segment (e.g., high-end retailers

focusing on wealthy individuals).

 Mom-And-Pop or Kirana Stores: is a retail outlet that is owned and operated by

individuals. The range of products are very selective and few in numbers. These stores

are seen in local community often are family-run businesses. The square feet area of

the store depends on the store holder.

 Specialty Stores: A typical specialty store gives attention to a particular category and

provides high level of service to the customers. A pet store that specializes in selling

dog food would be regarded as a specialty store. However, branded stores also come

under this format. For example if a customer visits a Reebok or Gap store then they

find just Reebok and Gap products in the respective stores.

 Convenience Stores: is essentially found in residential areas. They provide limited

amount of merchandise at more than average prices with a speedy checkout. This

store is ideal for emergency and immediate purchases.

 Hypermarkets: provides variety and huge volumes of exclusive merchandise at low

margins. The operating cost is comparatively less than other retail formats. A classic

example is the Metro™ in Bangalore.

 Supermarkets: is a self service store consisting mainly of grocery and limited products

on non food items. They may adopt a Hi-Lo or an EDLP strategy for pricing. The

supermarkets can be anywhere between 20,000-40,000 square feet. Example: SPAR™

supermarket.
  Malls: has a range of retail shops at a single outlet. They endow with products, food

and entertainment under a roof. Example: Sigma mall and Garuda mall in Bangalore,

Express Avenue in Chennai.

 Category Killers or Category Specialist: By supplying wide assortment in a single

category for lower prices a retailer can "kill" that category for other retailers. For few

categories, such as electronics, the products are displayed at the centre of the store and

sales person will be available to address customer queries and give suggestions when

required. Other retail format stores are forced to reduce the prices if a category

specialist retail store is present in the vicinity. For example: Pai Electronics™ store in

Bangalore, Tata Croma.

 E-tailers: The customer can shop and order through internet and the merchandise are

dropped at the customer's doorstep. Here the retailers use drop shipping technique.

They accept the payment for the product but the customer receives the product

directly from the manufacturer or a wholesaler. This format is ideal for customers who

do not want to travel to retail stores and are interested in home shopping. However it

is important for the customer to be wary about defective products and non secure

credit card transaction. Example: Amazon and Ebay.

 Vending Machines: This is an automated piece of equipment wherein customers can

drop in the money in machine and acquire the products. For example: Soft drinks

vending at Bangalore Airport.

Some stores take a no frills approach, while others are "mid-range" or "high end", depending

on what income level they target.

Other types of retail store include:

  Automated Retail stores are self service, robotic kiosks located in airports, malls and

grocery stores. The stores accept credit cards and are usually open 24/7. Examples

include ZoomShops and Redbox.

 Big-box stores encompass larger department, discount, general merchandise, and

warehouse stores.

 Convenience store - a small store often with extended hours, stocking everyday or

roadside items;

 General store - a store which sells most goods needed, typically in a rural area;

Retailers can opt for a format as each provides different retail mix to its customers based on

their customer demographics, lifestyle and purchase behaviour. A good format will lend a

hand to display products well and entice the target customers to spawn sales.

A food vendor in India

Adidas store in Tel Aviv, Israel

Retail pricing

The pricing technique used by most retailers is cost-plus pricing. This involves adding a

markup amount (or percentage) to the retailer's cost. Another common technique is suggested

retail pricing. This simply involves charging the amount suggested by the manufacturer and

usually printed on the product by the manufacturer.

In Western countries, retail prices are often called psychological prices or odd prices. Often

prices are fixed and displayed on signs or labels. Alternatively, when prices are not clearly

displayed, there can be price discrimination, where the sale price is dependent upon who the

customer is. For example, a customer may have to pay more if the seller determines that he or

she is willing and/or able to. Another example would be the practice of discounting for

youths, students, or senior citizen

Transfer mechanism

There are several ways in which consumers can receive goods from a retailer:

 Counter service, where goods are out of reach of buyers and must be obtained from

the seller. This type of retail is common for small expensive items (e.g. jewelry) and

controlled items like medicine and liquor. It was common before the 1900s in the

United States and is more common in certain countries.[which?]

 Delivery (commerce), where goods are shipped directly to consumer's homes or

workplaces. Mail order from a printed catalog was invented in 1744 and was common

in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Ordering by telephone is now common,

either from a catalog, newspaper, television advertisement or a local restaurant menu,

for immediate service (especially for pizza delivery). Direct marketing, including

telemarketing and television shopping channels, are also used to generate telephone

orders. Online shopping started gaining significant market share in developed

countries in the 2000s.

 Door-to-door sales, where the salesperson sometimes travels with the goods for sale.

 Self-service, where goods may be handled and examined prior to purchase, has

become more common since the 1920s.

Second hand retail

Some shops sell second-hand goods. In the case of a nonprofit shop, the public donates goods

to the shop to be sold. In give-away shops goods can be taken for free.

Another form is the pawnshop, in which goods are sold that were used as collateral for loans.

There are also "consignment" shops, which are where a person can place an item in a store

and if it sells, the person gives the shop owner a percentage of the sale price. The advantage

of selling an item this way is that the established shop gives the item exposure to more

potential buyers.

Sales techniques

Behind the scenes at retail, there is another factor at work. Corporations and independent

store owners alike are always trying to get the edge on their competitors. One way to do this

is to hire a merchandising solutions company to design custom store displays that will attract

more customers in a certain demographic. The nation's largest retailers spend millions every

year on in-store marketing programs that correspond to seasonal and promotional changes. As

products change, so will a retail landscape. Retailers can also use facing techniques to create

the look of a perfectly stocked store, even when it is not.

A destination store is one that customers will initiate a trip specifically to visit, sometimes

over a large area. These stores are often used to "anchor" a shopping mall or plaza, generating

foot traffic, which is capitalized upon by smaller retailers.

Customer service
According to the book Discovery-Based Retail, customer service is the "sum of acts and

elements that allow consumers to receive what they need or desire from your retail

establishment." It is important for a sales associate to greet the customer and make himself

available to help the customer find whatever he needs. When a customer enters the store, it is

important that the sales associate does everything in his power to make the customer feel

welcomed, important, and make sure he leave the store satisfied. Giving the customer full,

undivided attention and helping him find what he is looking for will contribute to the

customer's satisfaction.

Retail Sales
US Retail Sales 1992-2010

The Retail Sales report is published every month. It is a measure of consumer spending, an

important indicator of the US GDP. Retail firms provide data on the dollar value of their

retail sales and inventories. A sample of 12,000 firms is included in the final survey and 5,000

in the advanced one. The advanced estimated data is based on a subsample from the US CB

complete retail & food services sample. It has been published by the US Census Bureau since

1951.

Organized Retailing in India

Organized sector refers to the sectors undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are

registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include the corporate retail formats of the

exclusive brand outlets, hypermarkets, supermarkets, departmental stores and shopping malls.

According to Euro Monitor International, a leading provider of global consumer market

intelligence, sales from large format stores (supermarkets and hypermarkets) is expected to

increase by 30% in 2005. In the year 2002, food-related items accounted for nearly 71% of

retail sales in India. However, it was interesting to note that there had been a decline in the

purchase of food-related items. These had earlier registered a 73% sale in 1999. In recent

years, there has been higher spending on non-food items. The main factors for this change

are:

• Better infrastructure.

• Rise in consumer awareness.

• Consumer keenness to buy branded products.

• Consumer desire to purchase quality products and services...

Organized Retail in India refers to the modern retail formats like supermarkets and

hypermarkets prevalent in most developed countries. This form of retail accounts for a

painfully low 2 per cent of the retail industry, but is growing at a healthy 35 per cent and is

expected to cross the INR 1000 billion mark by 2010. Organized retail remained a dormant

sector largely due to the lack of infrastructure for large-scale retail, absence of product variety

and a conservative Indian consumer. Today the flood of products in the market coupled with a

wealthier, more informed Indian consumer have created the atmosphere for the entry of

organized retail to tap into the $320 billion Indian retail industry.

Current and Future Players Organized retail in India is currently dominated by players that

have been in the market for at most two decades. Pantaloon Retail is the market leader with

its Wal-Mart-segue multipurpose low cost stores as well as specialized clothing retail outlets.
Shopper’s Stop operates multi-storey malls in the major metros and is the equivalent of a

Macy’s in the U.S. A number of other individual brand retailers like Haldiram, Raymond and

Titan also represent organized retail in India. Today, a number of major business houses in

India are launching massive organized retail ventures like Reliance, Bharti (in a Joint-Venture

with Wal-Mart) and The Aditya Birla Group.

They are leveraging their enormous cash reserves and decades of experience of doing

business in the Indian economy and reaching out to the Indian consumer to launch a number

of multi-store retail chains.

Learning from U.S.A. and China As the counter-stores and street vendors of unorganized

retail are converted to the supermarkets and malls of organized retail, comparisons with

countries that have already undergone this evolution draws some important revelations about

the future of organized retail in India. U.S.A and U.K. are the pioneers of organized retail.

Beginning in the 1950’s it took four decades of experimentation with a variety of retail

formats before the U.S. completed the evolution of its organized retail sector into a giant

multi-billion dollar industry .20 As a result, the U.S. pretty much wrote the book on

organized retail. Countries like China that had access to the U.S. example, could accelerate

their experimentation and developmental phase to bring their organized retail sector to

maturity in only about two decades. Today, the organized retailers in India with their

supermarkets, hypermarkets, malls, departmental stores and boutiques are simultaneously

Experimenting with all the possible formats of retail that were developed sequentially in the

U.S. With the U.S. and Chinese experience to draw from, organized retail will likely mature

at a rate even faster than that witnessed in China.

The Chinese example in particular offers some important parallels to organized retail in India.

A major factor that accelerated the development of organized retail in China was the large

disparities between urban and rural organized retail penetration. While major cities in China

witnessed the saturation and maturity of organized retail, the rural areas were still seeing
organized retail in the infancy or early development phase. This forced large-retail chains to

equip themselves with the skills necessary to handle all stages of development. India, with a

similar rural-urban divide is witnessing the same multi-stage development of organized retail

across the country. As a result, India is likely to witness the same compacted evolution in

organized retail that accelerated the development of this sector in China. SSKI, an Indian

research driven investment bank puts a figure of a decade within which the Indian retail

industry will witness the same development and market penetration that took four decades in

the U.S. and two decades in China.

The Success of Organization in other Domestic Industries Aside from international examples,

India can also draw from domestic instances to support the bright future of the organized

retail sector in the country. The telecom industry in India saw a stagnant 1% market

penetration. With the introduction of multiple technologies, removal of market regulations

and influx of capital, the telecom industry saw a compressed evolution cycle where

penetration reached 10% in a matter of 8 years. Today, the Indian cell-phone industry is one

of the fastest growing in the world. Organization of the telecom sector was integral to tap into

the unrealized potential of the giant but unrecognized Indian consumer market. Organization

in the retail sector is likely to have the same effect.

The industry has enough room for foreign competition as well. With diverse brands like Nike,

Tropicana, Guess having already entered the market and chains like Wal-Mart planning their

entry, domestic organized retail in India should be excited rather than afraid. The Indian

automobile industry has already shown how foreign competition accelerated development of

the industry and increased productivity across the board of automobile manufacturers.

Tata motors, today one of the biggest and most successful automobile manufacturers in India

suffered tremendous losses after the liberalization of the Indian economy in the early nineties

that brought foreign competition to take advantage of the growing Indian automobile market.

However, it was this competition which made the company realizes the cost inefficiencies of
its production process and low productivity compared to the global average that had gone

unnoticed in the insulated Indian economy of the past. Ingenious cost-cutting measures and a

360 degree change in operations brought the company back on the profit track. Today it is

one of the most successful automobile manufacturers in the one of the world’s fastest

growing automobile industries.

The infusion of capital, introduction of foreign competitors, implementation of best-practices

and a more attractive Indian consumer all led to the development and growth of the Indian

automobile industry. With the same factors in place for organized retail, the Indian retail

industry has already been touted as one of the fastest growing in the world.

The government too has recognized the potential of the organized retail sector and is

beginning to make changes the will remove the barriers to entry in this sector and open it up

for expansion. Through the implementation of Value Added Tax (VAT), sanction of large

plots of land for retail development, permission of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in real-

estate and partial FDI in retail, the government has initiated the changes needed in the

organized retail sector. Critical Policy Improvements Required Yet, despite all the optimistic

projections of organized retail in India, a number of improvements in a number of areas will

be required for organized retail in India to truly live up to its enormous potential. With the

current status-quo, organized retail is a large market in India but with certain improvements,

organized retail in India can be one of the biggest sectors in the world.

1) Currently, the government permits 51% FDI by a single-brand retailer.27 The retail market

needs to be opened up to 100% FDI to invite significant foreign competition that will

introduce best practices, improve productivity in the industry and accelerate its development

and penetration.
2) The government must also reduce the amount of bureaucracy that an organized retailer has

to deal with. Currently, a large organized retailer’s needs to obtain a variety of permits from

different departments to open each outlet. This creates significant barriers to entry and

increases administrative costs. The government must set up a one-stop department that caters

to the requirements of organized retail given the potential of this sector in bringing gains to

the economy.

3) The government must give the retail sector industry status to allow it to enjoy the benefits

that come with this status. The government needs to introduce a number of policies to

accelerate the growth of the Indian retail industry. The dormancy of the government,

challenges posed by inadequate infrastructure together with a lack of exposure to best-

practices have been responsible for low productivities experienced by the few organized

retailers that have been present in the sector. Organized retailers that entered the sector before

the current boom were plagued with a number of problems that were responsible for their

poor performance. It is critical for new entrants to learn from their mistakes in order to

succeed in the industry.

Productivity Performance of the Organized Retail Sector

This section tries to outline the challenges which need to be overcome by retailers thinking

about entering the organized retail sector. The labor productivity of retail in India stands at a
low 6% of US levels according to a McKinney Global Institute’s report on Indian Retail

Sector. This 6% per cent is distributed unevenly with 5 per cent for food retailing and 8 per

cent for non-food retailing. In comparison, the food retailing productivity in Brazil is 14 per

cent and non-food retailing in Poland is 25 per cent.

The rural retail employment accounts for about 60 per cent28 of the total employment in the

sector. Rural productivity in retail is about 60-65 per cent that of urban centers. There are

certain clear cut reasons why this should be the case. The average sales, in terms of rupees

per day, in a rural store are close to Rs. 1000 compared to Rs. 7000 per day for a store in an

urban area. Some of the reasons for this can be attributed to lower purchasing power in the

rural areas, self-consumption of agri-produce and a tendency of villagers to purchase from

cities. Because of these reasons, people in the villages generally stock consumables such as

tea, sugar, bulbs, wires, stationery, and a few items of clothing. Low opportunity cost of the

labor entails longer work hours in this rural setting.

Reasons for Low Productivity

Some of the reasons that have been outlined for the poor productivity performance are – a

format mix which skews towards transition formats, and poor operational efficiency of

modern formats.

Vicious Circle

At any place, big supermarkets and specialty stores leverage their volumes to drive costs

down and possess superior skills (especially in managing inventory and marketing) to make

themselves more productive than counter stores. A key factor behind the miniscule growth

share of supermarkets in India, especially in food retail is the under-developed nature of

upstream industries. This results in a relatively higher pricing in the supermarkets when

compared with counter stores, giving counter stores or the unorganized sector an edge over

the organized sector in retail. A fragmented supply chain, a sub-scale processing sector and

lack of proper cold storage facilities are some of the problems which plague the organized

retail sector, especially in food. The current government policies are also favorable to counter

stores in the form of relaxed labor and tax regulations.

Poor Productivity in modern formats

Supermarkets in India have to operate in face of productivity hassles which can be attributed

to some of the following operational aspects of this sector: 1. Scattered and inefficient supply

chain which inflates procurement costs (lack of focus in having a few nation wide suppliers

and instead having up to 400 per region30 needs a huge sourcing and quality control team

raising costs of procurement). 2. The supply chain for food in India has two or three

additional intermediaries on an average compared with supply chains in the US. This can, in

part, be attributed to the market regulations such as constraints in food grain movement

across states, inability to purchase directly from farmers, etc. This in turn slows down the

growth of large processors.

Non-level playing field in the retail sector

Counter stores in India take advantage of some of the following benefits accorded to them by

the government:

1. Tax Vacation: The government policy enforces higher tax rates for organized retailers,

with making them pay at corporate rates, while counter stores still pay at individual income

tax rates. Tax evasion is rampant among small counter stores owners, in fact so few of the

small mom and pop store owners pay taxes, that most of them could be thought of being on a

tax vacation with the government conveniently looking the other way.

2. Uneven tax rates across states: The present tax structure necessitates the imposition of

tax on retail chains operating in a non-localized fashion. The sales tax structure has

differences in rates across states, in addition to the imposition of a central levy on inter-state

sales. It doesn’t end there, another tax (octroi) is levied on the movement of goods from one

district to another.31

3. Labor laws: Developing countries in general have generous labor laws.32 The labor laws

in India ask that work for a retail employer is limited to 8 hours, and also require that the

shop be shut for one day in a week. Though organized retailers adhere to these laws, the

counter stores remain open throughout the year, making labor work for over 12 hours a day.

4. Non-payment of market rates for inputs: Lower rent and nominal power cost (if any)

characterizes the counter stores in India, as opposed to extremely high land and property rent

paid by the organized sector.

Organized retail represents a large untapped market in India that is likely to see tremendous

growth in the coming years. New entrants are bound to see large returns. However, they must

adapt themselves to the unique state of retail in India where infrastructure and regulations

provide little support. They must also understand the tastes of the Indian consumer who has

only recently started treating retail as a form of leisure.

Meanwhile organized retail will continue to displace many unorganized retailers who are no

competition for the large-scale corporations. Those street-vendors of the bottom or

unorganized retail will be forced to turn back to agriculture or some other form of livelihood.

Yet, corner-stores and hawkers will continue to be a part of the Indian retail experience.

These retailers have always survived on small, diverse sales with small margins. In that

regard, they do not compete in the same market as organized retail. The Indian consumer may

have undergone a transformation, but the transformation is only partial. His higher income,

increased exposure and greater willingness to spend will spur the organized retail sector.

Meanwhile the conveniences of home-delivery, purchases on credit and proximity offered by

the unorganized sector will drive him to the nearest corner-store or street vendor for his

small, just-in-time purchases. Organized retailers have not are and are unlikely to worry about

the threat of unorganized retail as both forms of the retail business cater to different

preferences.

Organized retail in India is simultaneously a promising and challenging prospect. New

entrants can learn a lot from those currently operating in the Indian organized retail sector.

This comprehensive case-study of a domestic organized retailer provides an in-depth view of

the levels of adaptation required to succeed in the Indian retail sector.

If there is one organized retailer in India that has recognized the potential of Indian retail

early, understood the unique characteristics of retail in India and built up itself to counter any

competition, both domestic and foreign, it is without a doubt, Pantaloon Retail. What started
as a small men’s wear retailer has become one of the largest organized retail chains in India

with a presence in every retail sector imaginable and more!

Growth of Organized retail in India

Indian organized retail market is growing at a fast pace due to the boom in the India retail

industry. In 2005, the retail industry in India amounted to Rs 10,000 billion accounting for

about 10% to the country's GDP. The organized retail market in India out of this total market

accounted for Rs 350 billion which is about 3.5% of the total revenues.

Retail market in the Indian organized sector is expected to cross Rs 1000 billion by 2010.

Traditionally the retail industry in India was largely unorganized, comprising of drug stores,

medium, and small grocery stores. Most of the organized retailing in India have started

recently and is concentrating mainly in metropolitan cities.

The growth in the Indian organized retail market is mainly due to the change in the

consumer’s behavior. This change has come in the consumer due to increased income,

changing lifestyles, and patterns of demography which are favorable. Now the consumer

wants to shop at a place where he can get food, entertainment, and shopping all under one

roof. This has given Indian organized retail market a major boost.

Retail market in the organized sector in India is growing can be seen from the fact that 1500

supermarkets, 325 departmental stores, and 300 new malls are being built. Many Indian

companies are entering the Indian retail market which is giving Indian organized retail market
a boost. One such company is the Reliance Industries Limited. It plans to invest US$ 6 billion

in the Indian retail market by opening 1000 hypermarkets and 1500 supermarkets.

A pantaloon is another Indian company which plans to increase its retail space to 30

Million square feet with an investment of US$ 1 billion. Bharti Telecoms an Indian company

is in talks with Tesco a global giant for a £ 750 million joint venture. A number of global

retail giants such as Walmart, Carrefour, and Metro AG are also planning to set up shop in

India. Indian organized retail market will definitely grow as a result of all this investments.

Indian organized retail market is increasing and for this growth to continue the Indian

retailers as well as government must make a combined effort.

Entry of Large Business Houses

Organized retailing in India started picking up in South India in cities like Chennai and

Hyderabad, where real estate at prime locations was available at cheaper rates than in cities

like Mumbai and Delhi. In the early 1990s, leading Indian business houses started taking a

keen interest in the retailing sector...

A Profile of Major Indian Retailers

Pantaloon Retail India Limited (PRIL)

Headed by Kishore Biyani (Biyani), Pantaloon Retail India Limited (PRIL) is one of the

leading retail outlets in India. The retail chains which are a part of PRIL include Pantaloons,

Big Bazaar, Food Bazaar, Gold Bazaar and the Central Mall.

PRIL was incorporated in October 1987 as Manz Wear Private Limited. It became a public

limited company in September 1991. The company sold products under the Bare, Pantaloons

and John Miller brand names. The first menswear Pantaloons Shoppe outlet was set up in

1993...

RPG Group

The Rama Prasad Goenka or RPG Group registered a turnover of Rs. 84 billion in the fiscal

2004-05. The group has more than 20 companies in seven different industries - Power, Tyres,

Retail, Transmission, Entertainment, Technology and the Specialties sectors (Refer Exhibit

XIII for contribution of business sectors to Group’s turnover)...

Tata Group
The Tata group is one of India's largest business houses. In 2005, the group owned 93

companies in seven business sectors, namely information systems and communications;

engineering; materials; services; energy; consumer products; and chemicals, and employs

nearly 220,000 people.

In 1997, the Tata's sold their Lakme business to Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL) . The group

started its retail business in 1998 with the purchase of the Littlewoods retail stores, originally

owned by a UK-based firm, in Bangalore...

Raheja Group

The K. Raheja group of companies is among India's largest real estate players. They launched

Shopper's Stop way back in October 1991. This was the first mega apparel retail outlet to be

established in India. Shoppers' Stop is projected as a Fashion & Lifestyle store for the family.

From a single store in 1991, Shopper's Stop has today grown into a 16 store retail chain in

major metropolitan cities across India...

Indian unorganized retail sector

Retail in India is essentially “unorganized.” 98% of the retail industry is made up of counter-

stores, street markets, hole-in-the-wall shops and roadside peddlers (See Exhibit 11 for

sector-wise break-up of Unorganized Retail. The term “unorganized retail” is better

understood when comparing this form of retail to the organized retail that one is familiar with

in developed countries.

Unorganized retail is characterized by:

1) Family-run stores

2) Lack of best practices when it comes to inventory control and supply-chain management

3) Lack of standardization

4) Essentially a sector populated by anyone who has something to sell

Unorganized Retail is essentially the next-step above agriculture for those seeking to climb

the ladder of affluence in search of a higher income. Combine this with very few barriers to

entry in the retail sector and “Winning the Indian Consumer.” McKinsey Quarterly, 2005

Special Edition. “Winning the Indian Consumer.” one gets an industry run by people

commonly referred to as “Baniyas”(See exhibit), with a lack of education, experience and

exposure. This is the major factor responsible for the manner in which the retail industry

functions. It is no surprise then that the productivity of this sector is approximately 4% that of

the U.S. retail industry.

Causes of Low Productivity in Unorganized Retail

1) Labor intensity: Counter-stores in India have a very low output to labor consumption

ratio. Low labor costs, failure to employ part-time labor and the absence of multitasking are

the mainly responsible for the unusually high consumption of labor. This has driven down the

productivity in the sector.

2) Inventory and Supply Chain Management: Unorganized retailers in India rarely track

consumer behavior and sales data to improve their inventory management practices. Even

among the handful of retailers that employ experience-based improvements in their business,

their efforts are largely met with no support from their suppliers. Counter stores and street

vendors do not have the infrastructure, exposure or credibility to form lasting relationships

with suppliers. As a result retailers usually use different suppliers every time they purchase

inventory. This leaves them largely incapable of strategically managing their business.

3) With 700 million agricultural labor18 looking to move into retail, low barriers to entry and

the absence of regulation in this sector have made it a largely over-supplied sector. The

excess supply of counter-stores and street vendors represents a tremendous decrease in the

productivity of this sector.

4) The absence of any real competition-almost all retailers find a way to make ends meet or

change their merchandise till they make ends meet-is also responsible for a form of status quo

in the sector where little to no improvements in efficiency, management and by extension

productivity are seen. In fact, this sector is so stagnant with respect to operational changes

that no improvement in productivity is expected in the near future.

However, low productivity is only an indication of underutilization and/or over allocation of

resources. It does not reflect the market share or potential of the unorganized retail sector

when it comes to catering to the Indian consumer.

The unorganized retail sector competes on the basis of a number of factors that give it a leg

up on organized retail. Much of the reason why unorganized retail has dominated the retail

market is the unique ways in which it operates when it comes to serving the consumer.

Corner-stores have catered to the traditional Indian consumer psyche and are partially

responsible for shaping it. For unorganized retail in India the market mantra is

“convenience”:

1) Home-Delivery: Corner-stores and street vendors do their best to cater to the local

population in the area in which they operate. As a result most of them provide home-delivery

services, for any and all order sizes, at no extra charge. Shopping is as simple as making a

phone call and narrating the shopping list to the store owner. Within minutes, the entire list of

groceries with an itemized, hand-written bill reaches your doorstep. The absence of product

variety, brand diversity, marketing and exposure had made shopping in stores almost

unnecessary for the Indian consumer.

Retailers unconstrained by labor costs had no problem in understanding this dynamic and

adapting to the needs of the Indian consumer.

2) Credit: Unorganized retailers enjoy a loyal and limited clientele. The personal nature of

transactions coupled with small transaction sizes allows unorganized retailers to sell goods on

credit often settling bills with clients at the end of the month.

3) Proximity: Unorganized retailers like corner stores are almost always located at a few

minutes walking distance from their clients. Street vendors will go door-to-door selling their

goods. This has provided a number of advantages to the Indian consumer.

Finally, the proximity of unorganized retailers caters to the just-in-time mentality of Indian

consumers who prefer to buy goods when needed for immediate use rather than making bulk

purchases in advance. Cutting Costs in Any Possible Way: Legal and Illegal

Convenience is not the only aspect of unorganized retail that has allowed it to dominate the

industry. The unorganized nature of this sector has also allowed it to survive price

competition with large-scale organized retailers with efficient supply management, inventory

control and bulk purchasing. Unorganized retail with their small inventory, high purchase

costs and relatively small size have been able to save on a number of other fixed and variable

input costs to offer goods at competitive prices:

1) Real-Estate: Unorganized retailers usually operate from their residences that double-up as

counter stores or like street-vendors carry their merchandise with them. As a result, they incur

little to no real-estate costs.

2) Labor Costs: Unorganized retailers usually staff their stored with family members who

have no other source of employment than to work in the family store. As a labor costs are

low.

Additionally, the lack of regulation in the sector as well as high unemployment levels in India

Allow unorganized retailers to higher labor at very low rates.

3) Utilities: Corner stores operating out of homes usually pay residential rates for utilities

like electricity and water. With the large disparity between commercial and residential utility

rates, unorganized retailers do not have to worry about these inputs eating into their profits.

4) Tax: Unorganized retailers rarely pay taxes due to the absence of regulation and

supervision in this sector. This also allows them to reduce price.

Unorganized retail has dominated the Indian market for decades. The small scale of each

vendor was perfect to cater to the reluctant Indian shopper while the large number of players

kept several people employed. In this situation there was little motivation to bring

organization into the sector. It took strong economic growth, liberalization of the economy

and change in the Indian mind-set to realize the advantages of bringing organization to

India’s retail industry. Organized retail has a bright future in India, but not one that will be

easy to achieve. The country’s lack of supporting infrastructure will pose a unique challenge

to organized retailers who must strike a delicate balance between adaptation and innovation

in order to succeed in the industry. The next section describes the Indian organized retail

sector in detail.

Characteristics of unorganized retail

Small-store (kirana) retailing has been one of the easiest ways to generate self-employment,

as it requires limited investment in land, capital and labour. It is generally family run

business, lack of standardization and the retailers who are running this store they are lacking

of education, experience and exposure. This is one of the reasons why productivity of this

sector is approximately 4% that of the U.S. retail industry.

Unorganized retail sector is still predominating over organized sector in India, unorganized

retail sector constituting 98% (twelve million) of total trade, while organized trade accounts

only for 2%.

The reasons might be-

1. In smaller towns and urban areas, there are many families who are traditionally using these

kirana shops/ 'mom and pop' stores offering a wide range of merchandise mix. Generally
these kirana shops are the family business of these small retailers which they are running for

more than one generation.

2. These kiran shops are having their own efficient management system and with this they are

efficiently fulfilling the needs of the customer. This is one of the good reasons why the

customer doesn’t want to change their old loyal kirana shop.

3. A large number of working class in India is working as daily wage basis, at the end of the

day when they get their wage, they come to this small retail shop to purchase wheat flour, rice

etc for their supper. For them this the only place to have those food items because purchase

quantity is so small that no big retail store would entertain this.

4. Similarly there is another consumer class who are the seasonal worker. During their

unemployment period they use to purchase from this kirana store in credit and when they get

their salary they clear their dues. Now this type of credit facility is not available in corporate

retail store, so this kirana stores are the only place for them to fulfill their needs.

5. Another reason might be the proximity of the store. It is the convenience store for the

customer. In every corner the street an unorganized retail shop can be found that is hardly a

walking distance from the customer’s house. Many times customers prefer to shop from the

nearby kirana shop rather than to drive a long distance organized retail stores.
6. This unorganized stores are having n number of options to cut their costs. They incur little

to no real-estate costs because they generally operate from their residences.

Their labour cost is also low because the family members work in the store. Also they use

cheap child labour at very low rates.

As they are operating from their home so they can pay for their utilities at residential rates.

Even they cannot pay their tax properly.

Currently the value of the retail market is estimated at around $ 270 billion with a growth rate

of 5.7 per cent per annum according to the Indian retail report which creates a big threat for

the small unorganized retailers.

The well established organized retail sector in India are Pantaloon Retail, Shoppers’ Stop,

Spencers, HyperCITY, Lifestyle, Subhiksha & newly emerging Reliance etc.

Over 20,000 new retail outlets are expected to open within this segment. Major corporate

retail like Wal-Mart and have started to try and take over the Indian retail sector.

But in India the unorganized retail is source foods and other necessities of millions of

Indians, major link between rural and urban societies. Not only that it is also act like a

convenience store for the customer offering right product at right time at right place. In a

country with large numbers of people, and high levels of poverty, this model of retail

democracy is the most appropriate

So these unorganized retail sector need to be promoted so that they can organize & supply

food to Indian consumer. Now the question is how to promote this sector-
The suggestions might be-

(a) Establishment of Retailer co-operatives among retailers which is highly required for the

sustenance of the unorganized retail sector

(b) Merger and buy-out of weak retailers by a stronger one that would give a new horizon to

the small retailer

(c) Setting up of franchisee organization may also help in strengthening the position of the

retailers. The franchiser can exert a tremendous control over the way retailing is done.

(d) There must be good network connection between retail organizations, the suppliers and

other channel members to use compatible technology so that they can build strong

distribution set-up to satisfy the customers.

(e) Setting up of more and more non-store retailing centers would also ensure a strong

retailing organization. Non-store retailing makes implementation of modern principles easier

and less costly.

(d) Moreover there must be a change in the mindset of the unorganized retailer. They have to

understand the pulse of the trend. They have to understand, come forward & lead this change

management then only this sector not only can exist but flourish.

Indian unorganized retail sector & its challenge

India is the only one country having the highest shop density in the world, with 11 outlets per

1000 people (12 million retail shops for about 209 million households). Rather we can see the
democratic scenario in Indian Retail (because of low level of centralization, low capital input

and due to a good number of self organized retail).

India started its Retail Journey since ancient time.

In Ancient India there was a concept of weekly HAAT, where all the buyers & sellers gather

in a big market for bartering. It takes a pretty long times to & step to shape the modern retail.

In between these two concepts (i.e. between ancient retail concept & the modern one there

exist modern kirana/ mom and pop shops or Baniya ki Dukan.

Still it is predominating in India.

So the Indian retail industry is divided into two sectors- organized and unorganized.

Organized retail sector refers to the sectors undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who

are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include the corporate retail formats of the

exclusive brand outlets, hypermarkets, supermarkets, departmental stores and shopping malls.

Unorganized retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost

retailing, for example, hand cart and pavement vendors, & mobile vendors, the local kirana

shops, owner manned general stores, paan/beedi shops, convenience stores, hardware shop at

the corner of your street selling everything from bathroom fittings to paints and small

construction tools; or the slightly more organized medical store and a host of other small

retail businesses in apparel, electronics, food etc.

"Kirana Stores Vs Organized Retail"

Small stores, also called kirana stores, will continue to grow alongside organized retail, but at

a slower rate, and it might be a decade before such store owners lose business to the big

retailers, providing an ample window for India to help make the smaller players part of the
transition in retailing, But in the recent times it is said that kirana stores are joining together

to combat the organized retail stores, so this will be going on all the time like who is better,

but right now the kirana stores are happy at the moment with crisis going on people are

coming back to kirana stores. India is currently the twelfth largest consumer market in the

world. According to a study by McKinsey Global Institute, India is likely to join the premier

league of the world’s consumer markets by 2025, improving its position to the fifth.

But this growth is not going to happen is smooth way. Any change always comes up with

some friction, and Indian retail sector is and will be witnessing the same friction.

Indian retail sector is still in its nascent form if we consider its full potential. While most of

the developed market of US and Europe and also some SE Asian emerging market economies

have reaped the benefits of modern retail, India has not yet entered into advanced phase of

modern retail forms.Tug of war: organized vs. unorganized sector

Future of retail sector in India is swerving- on one side organized retail is marching

into life of urban consumers, while on the other our own neighborhood ‘kirana stores’ are

resisting fiercely with their existing strong foothold. India today is at the crossroads with

regard to the retail sector. A shift between organized and unorganized retail sector is evident,

which has led to a number of speculations on the fate of Indian retail sector.

Unorganized sector cannot be ignored

In any newspaper or television channel, we find hordes of news about happening in organized

retail sectors, which is indeed fairly real situation. While the role of organized retail sector in

growth of economy cannot be denied, but one thing is also of extreme importance that

unorganized retail format is a support to a large chunk of population- providing direct

employment to 39,500,000 individuals. So there is no way that government or anyone can

discount these foundation stone of Indian economy.

The face of Indian consumerism is changing: not Indian consumerism is evolving from

“Bajaj Scooter family man” to “Bajaj Pulsar trendy youngster”. This changing consumer’s

taste and lifestyle, somewhere automatically give some advantage to organized sector. This

makes imperative for unorganized retail sector to restructure itself in order to withstand the

increasing competition and to meet consumer expectations by moving with trends. What they

can do and what they are doing, some o these issues will be discussed in future parts of

article.

RETAIL FDI TO REDUCE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE WASTAGES: CRISIL

Current Affairs Trade: A CRISIL Research study concludes that allowing foreign direct

investments (FDI) in multi-brand retail has the potential to reduce the prices of perishable

food produce such as fruits and vegetables in India over the long term. This policy measure is
likely to stimulate a flow of investments from organised retailers and logistics companies for

establishing quality supply-chain infrastructure for fresh fruits and vegetables. An efficient

supply chain will enable large retailers to source vegetable and fruit produce directly from

agricultural cooperatives, lowering annual wastages, about Rs 630 billion in 2009-10, and

reducing commissions of trade intermediaries. This, in turn, will improve realizations to

farmers, reduce consumer prices of fruits and vegetables, and increase operating margins of

large retailers.

About 30 per cent of India’s total production of fruits and vegetables is wasted every year due

to inadequate cold storage and transport facilities. CRISIL Research estimates that almost 50

per cent of the annual wastages can be prevented if fruit and vegetable retailers have access to

specialised coldstorage facilities and refrigerated trucks. Further, large retailers will be able to

save on commissions, amounting to 10-15 per cent of the retail selling price of fruits and

vegetables, to trade intermediaries such as commission agents and wholesalers, if they are

able to source the produce directly from agricultural cooperatives.

“The wastage in the supply chain and the commission to trade intermediaries inflate the final

price paid by Indian consumers for fruits and vegetables. Indian consumers pay nearly 2-2.5

times the price paid to a farmer as compared to 1-1.5 times in developed markets where the

penetration of organised retail is much higher,” says Mr. Nagarajan Narasimhan, Director,

CRISIL Research. CRISIL Research estimates that Rs 650 billion will need to be invested

over the medium term to build the supply-chain infrastructure for fruits and vegetables. This

estimate takes into account the number of cold storage facilities and refrigerated trucks that

would be required for handling India’s production of fruits and vegetables. The fruit and

vegetable segment has so far not attracted adequate investments since organised retailers

account for less than 1 per cent of the total sales of fruits and vegetables in India.

“Liberalisation of the retail-FDI policy will help increase organised retail penetration,” says
Mr. Sridhar C, Head – CRISIL Research. “A likely increase in the sales volumes of fruits and

vegetables through modern store formats will encourage large retailers and logistics

companies to invest in cold storage and transport facilities.”

CRISIL Research is India’s largest independent, integrated research house. It is an integrated

research platform and capabilities spanning the entire economy-industry company spectrum

to deliver superior perspectives and insights to over 600 domestic and global clients, through

a range of subscription products and customised solutions.

Retail Marketing-Strategies for small unorganized retailer

in the era of Organized retailing

Current Status of Retailing in India

The size of the retailing industry in India is estimated to be in the order of Rs. 7200 to 8100 billion

(US $ 160-180 billion), with organized retailing estimated to be approximately 2 % (Rs 160-180 billion)

Of the total retailing industry in the country. Food and grocery retailing is estimated to contribute to around

(Rs 3500-4000 billion) of the total sales from retailing. The number of total retail outlets in the

Country is estimated to be around 12 million. The retail sector is the second largest employer of the country

agriculture. According to the National Readership Survey of 1999, 6.6% of the urban adults and 2% of the

rural adults are estimated to be shop owners.

India's unorganized retail entrepreneurs may be uneducated. But they are not street-stupid,

but street-smart, who know and sense every pulse and breath of the Indian consumer.

Dominance of the unorganized sector the unorganized sector has dominance over the

organized sector in India, especially because of the low investment needs. As we know

Retailing is the principal link between the producer and the consumer and plays a major role
in price formation therefore unorganized retailers can play their role effectively only by

establishing an efficient and cost-effective supply chain. They are the most important link in

the supply chain. They should develop such a supply chain which will reduce the wastage and

transaction cost thereby reducing the cost of inventories. A reduction in the cost of inventory

management will lead to a reduction in the final price to the consumer. We feel if the small

unorganized retailers abide the following retail marketing strategies, they will definitely

Flourish in the Era of organized Retailing.

1. Re Establishment of Customer base:

In their preparation to face fierce competitive pressure, Indian retailers must come to

recognize the value of building their own stores as brands to reinforce their marketing

positioning, to communicate quality as well as value for money. Sustainable competitive

advantage will be dependent on translating core values combining products, image and

reputation into a coherent retail brand strategy. The organized new generation Indian retailers

(Shoppers Stop and Westside) have recruited senior retail persons from abroad, who have the

expertise in setting up systems and procedures, but they are going to take a long while to tune

into the psyche of the Indian consumers.

2. Service Delivery Mechanism:

Small stores should focus on personalized service to customers. They should personally

attend to the customer and should try their best to satisfy him. The customer feels important

when he walks-in in such a store. Nobody will personally attend a customer in a Mall. And

the customer sometimes finds it tiring to rummage through all those piles of clothes stacked
on the racks. In a small store, the sales person opens each garment and shows it to the

customer. Again in some stores alterations and other miscellaneous repairs are done promptly.

Some even give a life time free warranty of stitching and repair on their garments.

3. Phenomenon of Discounting and Free Home Delivery:

In a middle class-dominated, price-sensitive market like India, price manipulation is a strong

weapon in the arsenal of the small independent retailer. Small retailers should promote

discounting phenomenon in order to retain customers for their stores.

Free Home delivery mechanism will build a rapport with the customers and will also make

the small retailers abreast about specific needs and necessities and simultaneously enhances

the comfort zone of the customer. And ultimately that customer moves a step forward in the

ladder of loyalty.

4. Customer Information System:

Small retailers should think about their customers as individuals, analyze their shares of

customers and calculate their lifetime values. Traditional Mom and Pop stores need to build

data bases using in-store data collection and launch frequent shopper rewards, carry on an

interactive communication with them, make special offers, and add value outside the in-store

relationship.

Loyalty of the customers can be attained by developing personal relationships with

consumers rather than only through product and pricing. For instance, rewards should be

given as loyalty bonus for customers i.e. priority service, free gift wrapping, enhanced

guarantees and sales pre-notifications. Benefits include privileged rewards and extra value

offers as well as straight discounts. Analysis of customer behavior can guide store
merchandising to match the profile of their customers and even the needs of the shoppers at

different times of the day.

5. Prominent Feed Back System:

Unorganized Retailers have to understand the concept of individual customer communication

outside the stores as a necessity. It is necessary that they seek to add a new form of dialogue

with their customers. For example they can prepare a broadsheet for its customers providing

details of the promotional offers available and price comparisons across brands. That helps its

customers to take more informed decisions.

6. Consortium:

Unorganized retailing in order to meet the challenges of organized retailing such as large

Cineplex’s, and malls, which are backed by the corporate house can form consortium.

Recently 25 stores in Delhi under the banner of Provision mart are joining hands to combine

monthly buying. Bombay Bazaar and Efoodmart are aggregations of Kirana Stores. The

existing small and medium independent retailers should closely examine what changes are

taking place in their immediate vicinity, and analyze whether their current market offers a

potential redevelopment of the area into a more modern multi-option destination. If it does,

and most commercial areas in India do have this potential, it would be very useful to form a

consortium of other such small retailers in that vicinity and take a pro-active approach to pool

in resources and improve the overall infrastructure. The next effortshould be to encourage

retailers to make some investments in improving the interiors of their respective

establishments to make shopping an enjoyable experience for the customer.

 The Difference Between Organized And Unorganized Retailing

Organized retailing is based on the principle of unity and unorganized retailing is based on

the principle of singularity. Both organized and unorganized retailing is found in most

countries throughout the world.

India and China are strong examples of countries in which unorganized retailing

dominated their markets. Today these countries have a growing economy because of the

influx of organized retailers into their markets.

The demand for giant malls with large department stores, cinemaplexes, supermarkets, and

pharmacy chains is the result of higher incomes and urban customers looking for

convenience in shopping. Large chains such as WalMart, McDonald's, Microsoft and other

organized retailers have reached across the world sharing their retailing expertise.

The unorganized mom and pop retailers and independent retailers continue to fulfil a need.

The organized retailing giants are trading organizational expertise for a share of the markets

across the world.

HYPOTHESIS

A hypothesis consists either of a suggested explanation for an observable

phenomenon or of a reasoned proposal predicting a possible causal correlation among

multiple phenomena. The term derives from the Greek, hypotithenai meaning "to put under"
or "to suppose." The scientific method requires that one can test a scientific hypothesis.

Scientists generally base such hypotheses on previous observations or on extensions of

scientific theories. Even though the words "hypothesis" and "theory" are often used

synonymously in common and informal usage, a scientific hypothesis is not the same as a

scientific theory.

Hypothesis may be defined as a proposition or a set of proposition set forth as an

explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomenon either asserted merely

as a provisional conjecture to guide some investigation or accepted as highly probable in the

light of established facts. Quite often a research hypothesis is a predictive statement, capable

of being tested by scientific methods, that relates an independent variable to some dependent

variable.

NULL HYPOTHESIS

A null hypothesis is a hypothesis (within the context of statistical hypothesis testing) that

might be falsified on the basis of observed data. The null hypothesis typically proposes a

general or default position, such as that there is no relationship between two quantities, or

that there is no difference between a treatment and the control. The term was originally

coined by English geneticist and statistician Ronald Fisher.

The null hypothesis (often denoted by H0) formally describes some aspect of the statistical

"behaviour" of a set of data.

ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS
Alternative hypothesis is the "hypothesis that the restriction or set of restrictions to be tested

does NOT hold." often denoted H1. Synonym for 'maintained hypothesis.' The Alternate

Hypothesis of this project report is that customers are not satisfied

1. Unorganized retail sector is far more rooted in Indian consumer market in comparison

to organized retail.

2. Organized retail sector adopt more aggressive & specific marketing strategies in

comparison to unorganized retail sector.

Research Methodology
The purpose of methodology is to describe the process involved in research work. This

includes the overall research design, data collection method, the field survey and the analysis

of data.

Research is a common parlance refresh to a search for knowledge. One can also define

research as a scientific & systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.

In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The advance learner’s dictionary of

current English lay down the meaning research as a careful investigation & inquiry specially

search for new facts in any branch knowledge.

Research Design

Research Design is the arrangement for conditioned for data collection & analysis of data in a

manner that aims to combined relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure.

A research design is a master plan or model for the conduct of formal investigation. It is blue

print that is followed in completing study.

The research conducted by me is a descriptive research. This is descriptive in nature because

study is focused on fact investigation in a well structured from and is based on primary data.

Research Plan

Type of study: For completing my study I have gone for sample study because looking at the

size of population & the time limitation it was not convenient for me to cover entire

population. Hence, I have gone for sample study rather than census study & probability

sampling is used.
Sampling Plan

A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. It refers to

the technique or the procedure that researcher would adopt in selecting items to be inched in

the sample i.e. the size of sample. Sampling plan is determined before data are collected.

Steps in Sampling:

1. Understanding the Marketing strategies of retail sector.

2. Study the organized & unorganized retail sector.

3. To collect the information from self constructed questionnaire.

4. Meeting with different managers & owners of different stores to incorporate their

views.

5. Obtaining the opinion and suggestions of owners at different levels.

6. Prepare questionnaire on the basis of above information.

7. Gather information from different source like books Internet magazines etc.

8. On the basis of the answers from the managers & owners and the information

gathered from other sources prepare the report, mentioning the necessary changes

require in the existing environment.

Sampling Frame:

The list of sampling units from which sample is taken is called sampling frame.

Sampling size:

Approximately 100

Sampling Procedure:
The selection of respondents were accordingly to be in a right place at a right time and so the

sampling were quite easy to measure, evaluate and co-operative. It was a randomly area

sampling method that attempts to obtain the sample of convenient.

Current Landscape of Retail in India

The Indian government does not recognize retail as an industry. In India 98% of the retail

sector consists of counter-stores and street-vendors. With no large players, inadequate

infrastructure and a small affording population that believed in saving rather than spending,

Indian retail never attracted the interest of large corporations. That was till they realized that

retail in India is a USD 320 billion dollar industry,growing at CAGR 5% and contributing to

39% of the GDP2 (See exhibit 1 for projected market size of retail in India.).It might seem

almost nonsensical that this important sector of the country’s economy has been overlooked

by corporate giants. One cannot blame them though. Indian retail has been a traditionally

unorganized sector, dominated by counter-stores and street vendors (See Exhibits 2 and 3 for

pictures).While retail employs a large sector of the population, most of these people are

uneducated, unskilled individuals that regard retail as the preferred career alternative to

agriculture. They never had the means nor will to develop the sector or expand their business.

Retail never enjoyed the support of the Indian consumer. A miserly population that barely had

the means to make end meet never treated shopping as a form of leisure. While individual

retailers saw small gains, lack of infrastructure, an unattractive Indian consumer and absence

of regulation never provided the scale that retail giants could capitalize on
Meanwhile, the government preferred to look the other way while this unorganized retail

sector provided a meager standard of living to millions in a country where poverty plagued

the majority of the population.The unorganized retailers survived on thin margins and low

volumes, while the corporate giants preferred to spend their resources in areas like power,

industrials and telecom where the large-scale opportunitieswere abundant. Today the retail

industry has witnessed a remarkable transformation.The country’s staggering economic

growth of around 8%3 over the last 2 years has resulted in major shiftsin the Indian class

structure with higher incomes leading to the growth of the Indian middle-class. This is

amiddle-class that is aware of the standards of living in other countries thanks to exposure

through the mediaand internet. Unlike their forefathers they have decided to adopt a

“Spending” approach to improve theirstandard of living rather than a “Saving” approach.

With an estimated 400 million shoppers and growing,

Organized Indian retail’s target population is larger than that of the entire United States.4

Voted the most attractive retail destination in the world for two years in a row, India is

expected to witness 7-8% growth in its retail sector over the next few years.5

Recognizing the short-term and long-term growth of retail in India, a number of domestic

business giant shave entered the retail industry or are planning to do so in the near future.

Some like Pantaloon Retail, Shopper’s Stop and Pyramid Retail have been in the industry for

a decade. Others like Reliance Retail Ltd.(RRL) have just entered and opened up a number of

stores across the country still other domestic players like Birla7 and Bharti8 are planning

their foray into this sector. In fact retail in India has also attracted global giants like Wal-Mart

who have also indicated their interest in the sector by forming a Joint Venture with Bharti.

Each of these domestic and international retail giants have or will introduce a number of

modern retail formats like malls, hypermarkets and supermarkets. Initial consumer response

to these novelties in the retail sector has been very promising and as the middle-class
continues to grow, organized retail in India is sure to see large returns. In fact, organized

retail is growing at a staggering 35% per year.As organized retailers enter the Indian market,

however, they must be mindful of the unique status of retail in the country. Retail in the

country has been dominated by millions of unorganized retailers who have used consumer

proximity and home-delivery as their operating ideals to cater to the Indian consumer that has

become accustomed to this convenience. Unorganized retail has both shaped the mentality of

the Indian consumer and been shaped by it. As of 2005 retail contributed 39% of India’s GDP,

but even with this, the percentage of retail in the organized sector is only a measly 6%10 (See

exhibit 4 for retail sector’s contribution to India’s GDP and penetration of Organized Retail).

These counter-stores and street vendors might seem small fish in a retail industry that is soon

to be dominated by giants like Pantaloon and Reliance. Yet, they cater to a different set of

preferences of the Indian consumer and have traditionally survived on low turnover and thin

margins. Individually they are a minor factor in the retail plans of any giant organized retailer

but collectively they represent the historic state of retail in India that is so deeply intertwined

in the economy of the country and the psyche of the Indian consumer that co-existence with

them is a better policy rather than competition.

Another factor that major retailers must be wary of is the lack of infrastructure to support

supply chains and efficient retail operations in India Companies like Wal-Mart that grew from

the ground-up leveraged the infrastructure of U.S.A to build a large supply-chain which has

been the backbone of its success. The story in India is very different. Inadequate highways,

the absence of cold storage facilities, an underdeveloped supply chain, limitless

Bureaucracy and the lack of regulations created a situation where the local corner-stores and

hawkers thrived. What was the street-vendors gain will be a major hurdle for large-scale

organized retailers. They will have to demonstrate unprecedented innovation, adaptation and

experimentation to succeed in the Indian retail industry.

Having presented the immense potential and current status of the retail industry, this paper

continues to flesh out the Indian retail story with the objective of highlighting some of the

major concerns that organized retailers will have to consider as they venture into the Indian

market. The paper outlines the transformation of the Indian consumer and highlights the

characteristics of the unorganized and organized retail sectors in the country. It then presents

some of the ground realities of the support infrastructure that will pose major challenges to

the large retail chains in India. For example, India is the second highest producers of fruits

and vegetables in the world, but only have cold-storage capacity for 10 per cent of the total

production.

The paper goes on to provide the example of Pantaloon Retail, a large organized retailer that

has enjoyed tremendous success in India.

The Indian consumer has undergone a remarkable transformation. Just a decade or two ago,

the Indian consumer saved most of his income, purchased the bare necessities and rarely

indulged himself. Today, armed with a higher income, credit cards, exposure to the shopping

culture of the west and a desire to improve his standard of living, the Indian consumer is

spending like never before. Organized retail with its variety of products and multitude of

malls and supermarkets is fueling his addiction. His new mentality, in turn, is fueling the

growth of organized retail in India.

India’s population is young, very young. Most consumers have grown up with television, the

Internet, and have been exposed to the standards of living and consumer culture abroad. This

generation is also making money at a younger age and lots of it, thanks to call centers and

other avenues of employment opening up that cater to students in college and schools. As a

result they are ready to spend most, if not all of their income on apparel, accessories, and

electronics. Higher Incomes Liberalization of the country’s economy has brought a number of

employments opportunities. With the entry of a number of multinationals and the expansion
of domestic corporations, job prospects in the country are looking up. As a result, incomes

and consumption are projected to increase rapidly over the next couple of years.

This sets the stage for a very exciting and promising retail market in the future.

No Money, No Problem

The finance sector has already seen a huge expansion. Unlike a decade ago, credit cards and

short-term loans have become easily accessible and have contributed to the emergence of a

consumer culture in India. Credit card rewards schemes, flexible financing options and all the

other common lures are tempting the Indian consumer to shop. With loans for everything

from a home to an automobile freely available, the Indian consumer can start spending on

big-ticket items that were traditionally within his reach only after years of savings.

Urbanization

Growing urbanization is also responsible for the changing consumer psyche12. As

urbanization spreads beyond the major cities, it converts the local population from net savers

to net spenders. This is consistent with what has been observed in developing countries like

Thailand, Malaysia and developed countries like U.S.A and the U.K.

The Lure of Organized Retail Another important factor to consider is the effect of existing

organized retail in India in fueling consumerism. New malls and supermarkets with their

modern decors and multiple products are enticing Indian consumers. This is one of the most

direct factors responsible for the mentality change of the Indian consumer. As people see their

relatives, friends, neighbors shopping at these new establishments, they are bound to jump on

the bandwagon as well.

Different Strata of Indian Consumers

The consumer of today, at least what the multinationals are targeting, is popularly known as

the aspiring India – the middle income segment which is growing faster than ever while 10-

15 years ago, people in this segment would ask –“Mera number kab aayega” (When will I

be able to afford the simple luxuries of life), today this same segment says – “Mera number

ab aayega”, (I am now in a position to afford the simple luxuries of life).

The numbers on the Indian economy and retail sector in specific say a lot about the growth

potential in India. However, the engine pulling this locomotive of the consumer goods market

in India at breakneck speed is the 40 million Indian middle income households. Growing at

around 10 percent a year, this section of the economy makes between $4000 to $10,000 per

annum ($20,000 to $45,000, adjusted PPP), and its emergence and importance is signaled, for

example, by the 100 per cent growth in passenger car sales ($5billion in 2004) in the period

between 2000-2005.

Some of the features characteristic of these consumers is-

Their tendency to borrow money in order to buy the upscale items – contrary to the

traditional line of thought that Indian consumers are indisposed to credit. But these

consumers not only have price and quality on their minds but also the fact that their brands

effectively reflect their local environment and are consonant with their life style. And this is

where the foreign multinationals coming into the Indian consumer market has to pay

attention. Selling global brands in India at global prices is a road to perdition. Companies

who have tailored their products to the Indian environment and customer have reaped high
rewards. For example, Nokia in India customized its 1100 model mobile phone by adding

features such as a dust-resistant keypad, an anti-slip grip, and a built-in flashlight (useful

during the frequent and unannounced power outages in the country). Samsung washing

Machines have been equipped with memory backup to compensate for India’s frequent power

outages and a special rinse cycle for saris15 to prevent them from becoming twisted and

knotted.

The Indian consumer’s change in attitude is going to manifest itself into rewards for the

organized retail industry. At the same time, Indians will find it hard to give up their old habits

of shopping at the local corner-store or buying goods from the street-vendor. The next section

describes the unorganized and organized retail sectors in detail. It is critical to understand

these sectors individually to speculate about possible the nature of interaction between them.

While the traditional form of retail in India is sure to suffer a setback from the entry of large

organized retailers, it is possible for both forms to co-exist serving the new personality and

old-habits of the Indian consumer simultaneously.

 Data Analysis

Q. What type of store you own or manage?

a. Organized
b. Unorganized
Q. What type pricing strategies you adopt?

a. Psychological
b. Geographical
c. Discriminating
Q. In what type of product you deal?

a. FMCG
b. Durable goods
Q. On which group of consumers you concentrate more?

a. High Income
b. Middle Income
c. Low Income
Q. What are your promotional activities?

a. Advertising
b. Personal selling
c. Sales promotion
Q. If advertising? What kind of advertising channel you prefer?

a. Print media
b. Broadcasting media
Q. What you concentrate more on?

a. Customer satisfaction
b. Profit making

Q. Which area you prefer more for locating your stores?

 a. Rural area
b. Urban area

Q. What are the main factors that affect your pricing policy?

a. Competitors
b. Demand
c. Technology

Findings
 In this study we had find out that in today’s world more then 50% of the total

population is interested in shopping from organized retail stores.

From the study we have concluded that organized sector is adopting better & planned

marketing strategies to attract its customers. Various marketing strategies are also adopted by

the unorganized retail group but it is not up to the mark or we can it is less attractive as

compared to organized marketing strategies.

Sources of Data Collection

Primary Data:

For my survey primary data have been used as a questionnaire to collect the data.

Secondary Data:

The secondary data has been collected from the following modes:

· Data through internet sources.

Suggestions
  Unorganized retail sector should adopt better marketing strategies so that more &

more customers can attract towards it.

 As organized retailers are using the marketing strategies unorganized sector should

also concentrate on their marketing strategies so that customers could attract towards

them.

 Customers generally prefer Multi brands counter because lots of products can be seen

at on one place, so unorganized could also adopt this technique.

 Unorganized retailers should also concentrate towards the needs & satisfaction of the

customers.

More intense research works should be initiated, studying the specific needs and attributes

sorted by the customer for different kinds of product categories.

 Limitations of the Study

· I will have to rely upon the information get from secondary sources and given by

respondents, which may not be fully true.

· This study will be limited to only some areas of Moradabad in Uttar Pradesh.

· It is only for short period of time.

· Lack of professional approach since researcher is a student

· The sample size is only 100 so the sample may not be truly representative of

Moradabad’s population.

Webliography
www.wikipideia.com

www.google.com

www.relianceindustry.com

www.bigbazar.com

www.raheja.com

Annexure
Q. What type of store you own or manage?

a. Organized
b. Unorganized

Q. What type pricing strategies you adopt?

a. Psychological
b. Geographical
c. Discriminating

Q. In what type of product you deal?

a. Consumer goods
b. Durable goods

Q. On which group of consumers you concentrate more?

a. High Income
b. Middle Income
c. Low Income

Q. What are your promotional activities?

a. Advertising
b. Personal selling
c. Sales promotion

Q. If advertising? What kind of advertising channel you prefer?

 a. Print media
b. Broadcasting media

Q. What you concentrate more on?

a. Customer satisfaction
b. Profit making

Q. Which area you prefer more for locating your stores?

a. Rural area
b. Urban area

Q. What are the main factors that affect your pricing policy?

a. Competitors
b. Demand
c. Technology

CONCLUSION:
Finally, it is important to note that these strategies are not strictly independent of each other;

value is function of not just price, quality and service but can also be enhanced by

Personalization and offering a memorable experience. In fact, building relationships with

customers can by itself increase the quality of overall customer experience and thus the

perceived value. But most importantly for winning in this intensely competitive marketplace,

it is critical to understand the target customer's definition of value and make an offer, which

not only delights the customers but also is also difficult for competitors to replicate.