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" A Study on Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives of Wipro Ltd "

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 “A Study on Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives of Wipro Ltd”
Sridhar.K Bharath Bhushan. B
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
BNM Institute of Technology BNM Institute of Technology
sridhar86yadav@gmail.com bhu2412@gmail.com
9164424322 9886031114

Abstract:
As the era of liberalization, privatization and globalization set in India in 1991, many of the
companies which were already established and the companies which were established later saw
tremendous growth in terms of size as well as profits. Some of the companies looked beyond
profits and started doing something good for the cause of the society. Now it is mandatory for
those companies whose net profit is Rs. 5 crore or turnover is Rs. 1000 crore or net worth of Rs.
500 crore has to spend 2% of its profit according to Companies Act because of which all the
companies are spending on CSR projects. This paper focuses on the fundamentals of CSR and
specifically emphasizes about the CSR activities being carried out by Wipro Company.
Key words: Corporate social responsibility, society, Profits, Fundamentals, Mandatory.

INTRODUCTION

The concept of corporate social responsibility is based on the idea that not only public policy but
companies, too, should take responsibility for social issues. In more recent approaches, CSR is
seen as a concept in which companies voluntarily integrate social and environmental concerns
into their business operations and into the interaction with their stakeholders. The idea of being a
socially responsible company means doing more than comply with the law when investing in
human resources and the environment1.

In general terms, the CSR approach seeks to motivate companies to assume responsibility for
problems and challenges that used to be addressed by state regulation. Despite various attempts
at an unambiguous description of CSR, the concept still lacks a uniform definition.

1
TatjanaChahoud, Johannes Emmerling, Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility in India – Assessing
the UN Global Compact‟s Role, Studies / DeutschesInstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik ISSN 1860-0468
Consequently, the various stakeholders define CSR in their own way, and several approaches to
CSR exist.

CSR is understood as “the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic

development by working with employers, their families, the local community and society at large
to improve their quality of life, in ways that are both good for business and good for
development. A widely quoted definition by the World Business Council for Sustainable
Development state that “Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by
business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the
quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society
at large” (WBCSD, 1999). Thus, the meaning of CSR has two fold. On one hand, it exhibits the
ethical behavior that an organization exhibits towards its internal and external stakeholders. On
the other hand, it denotes the responsibility of an organization towards the environment and
society in which it operates. CSR is regarded as vehicle through which companies give
something back to the society. It involves providing innovative solutions to societal and
environmental challenges. But the challenge for development professional and business
community is to identify CSR priorities and the areas of interventions which are meaningful in
the context of rural development sector.2

LITERATURE REVIEW

According to Frederick (1960)1 Social responsibility means, that businessman should oversee the
operation of an economic system that fulfills the expectations of the people. Belal (2001)2 Hardly
a few studies have looked at CSR practice in India. Different researches at different points of
time and classical Indian literature have emphasized the CSR practice of corporate entities in
India. A long back Kautilya in his „Arthasastra‟ mentions traders‟ responsibilities to the local
society. In ancient India, such responsibilities were voluntary and not mandatory.

An ideal CSR has both ethical and philosophical dimensions, particularly in India where there
exists a wide gap between sections of people in terms of income and standards as well as socio-

2
World Business Council for Sustainable Development (1999) “Corporate Social Responsibility:Meeting
Changing Expectation” WBCSD Publication P.3 Green Switzerland, retrieved on 30th January 2015 from
www.wbcsd.ch/DoCROOt/hbdf197&hmkdxBQDWW/CSRmeeting.pdfPradhan S., Ranjan A. - Corporate Social
Responsibility in Rural Development Sector: Evidences from India,
economic status (Bajpai, 2001)3 . Goyder (2003)4 argue: ―Industry in the 20th century can no
longer be regarded as a private arrangement for enriching shareholders. It has become a joint
enterprise in which workers, management, consumers, the locality, govt. and trade union
officials all play a part. If the system which we know by the name private enterprise is to
continue, some way must be found to embrace many interests whom we go to make up industry
in a common purpose. CSR implies some sort of commitment, through corporate policies and
action. This operational view of CSR is reflected in a firm„s social performance, which can be
assessed by how a firm manages its societal relationships, its social impact and the outcomes of
its CSR policies and actions (Wood, 1991).5 Khan and Atkinson (1987)6 conducted a
comparative study on the managerial attitudes to social responsibility in India and Britain. The
study shows that most of the Indian executives agreed CSR as relevant to business and felt that
business has responsibilities not only to the shareholders and employees but also to customers,
suppliers, society and to the state.

PURPOSE

To understand the concept and scope of corporate social responsibility and getting an insight in
CSR Initiatives of Wipro Ltd

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1) To understand the concept of CSR
2) To know how the Wipro Ltd has fulfilled its responsibility towards all stakeholders; what
specific activities, programs and strategies it has set, devised and implemented.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Exhaustive literature survey regarding the topic and related concepts has been done. For the
purpose of study secondary data was collected from various sources including books, research
papers, newspapers, magazines, and websites.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INITIATIVES OF WIPRO LTD

Wipro, one of the world‟s most trusted brands, the name with a long history, was established in
1945 as Western India Vegetable Products Limited in Amalner, Maharashtra. Today Wipro Ltd
is a global information technology, consulting and outsourcing company with 156,866
employees serving clients in 175+ cities across 6 continents. The company posted revenues of
$7.3 billion for the financial year ended Mar 31, 2014. The company at present is financially
sound which has motivated them to contribute something to the society in the form of corporate
social responsibility. Some of the CSR Initiatives of Wipro Ltd is as follows:

1. Wipro Care: Wipro Cares is Wipro‟s community initiative focused on certain key
developmental issues faced by underserved and underprivileged communities. It is a trust formed
in the year 2003 that seeks to work with communities proximate to Wipro‟s center of operations.
Wipro Cares is currently engaged in 16 projects across India. Through seven of its health care
projects in four states of India Wipro Cares is providing more than 75000 people in 53 villages
access to primary health care.
More than 47000 children benefit from the five education projects in five Indian cities. Their
project in social forestry has helped plant more than a lakh trees, and has at the same time
provided livelihood to around 80 farmers. Wipro‟s projects in disaster rehabilitation have helped
rebuild the lives of people affected by Karnataka Floods, Bihar Floods, Japan Tsunami,
Hurricane Sandy, Philippines Cyclone, Uttarakhand Floods, Odisha Floods and many more.

1.1 Education: Wipro Cares focuses on meeting the educational needs of the urban poor along
with other initiatives. The educational needs of children that belong to this group are often
neglected due to various reasons. Wipro Cares aims at helping these children by offering them
opportunities for holistic educational and social development by running bridge schools, non-
formal schools and giving them vocational training. Wipro also help train teachers to engage
with these children, with empathy. In addition, they support a school for hearing impaired
children and encourage girl child education.

1.1.1 Magic bus, Bengaluru: The Magic Bus project started in October 2013 and is working
with 500 children around Sarjapur area in Bangalore. Sensitization of around 500
children in and around Sarjapur area on importance of education, gender issues and
health hygiene is being carried out and also 20 youth leaders from the community were
be trained and assisted to take up leadership roles in the community.
1.1.2 Every child counts campaign, Pune: The Key goal of the Campaign is to reach and
enroll all children in the age group of 6-7 into mainstream schools. With the support of
Wipro Cares ECC would be extending the campaign to five areas in the outer developing
area of Pune.Door Step School, an NGO working for education of children of
marginalized communities at construction sites and roadside dwellings for more than 2
decades, foresaw the alarming trend of large numbers of children who were out of school.
Driven by a need to act upon these concerns with a sense of urgency, the "Every Child
Counts- Citizens' Campaign" was initiated to ensure access to elementary education for
all children in the city of Pune.
1.1.3 Towards future, Kolkata:This learning center, named 'Back to the Future' helps
children of migrant labourers, brick kiln workers and other marginalized communities in
the village of Kalikapura near Salt Lake in Kolkata. This center welcomes out of school
children from 11 am to 3 pm. The school today has 50 children of different age groups.
The nutritional supplement that is provided to the children is made locally. The center
also engages in educating the parents about the importance of hygiene and nutrition and
how they affect the growth of their children through adult literacy programs. The mid-day
snack serves to demonstrate this factor.
1.1.4 Door step School, Pune: In Pune, Wipro Cares work with an NGO called the Door Step
School to train and equip teachers to engage with migrant children, this project is called
Parivartan. Today this initiative has reduce the dropout rate of children of migrant
laborers
1.1.5 Ashrayaakruthi, Hyderabad: Wipro work with AshrayaAkruti which is a non-profit
integrated school. The school works with hearing disabled and normal children from
underprivileged sections of the society. The project provides for the school staff that is
trained to meet the needs of the hearing disabled children. Through this initiative around
200 students from the underprivileged section of the society with hearing disabilities are
being supported. The Children, despite their handicap, have become independent, self-
reliant and contributing citizens of the country and also there has been Increase in the
number of hearing impaired children improving their speech and language resulting in
more number of children joining main stream schools.
1.2 Primary Health care: Wipro believes that Health is a basic enabler. Most of their factories
are in underdeveloped rural areas where access to health care is remote. Their health care
projects aim to provide primary health care, and act as a catalyst in the overall development of
the community.

1.2.1 ArogyaJyothi: Healthcare is generally identified by the services it renders. Usually,

general health awareness levels and behaviour patterns are intrinsically linked to attaining
good health. Most often, the Government and NGOs focus more on maternal-child
wellness measures and services and not on imparting knowledge and understanding about
good health and hygiene practices. The ArogyaJyothi project aims to assess and raise
healthcare awareness and bring about positive changes. The key focus area of the project
is to bridge the gap of lack of preventive healthcare knowledge among the rural children.
This is undertaken by visiting schools and educating children about various aspects of
health and hygiene and equipping them with knowledge that can help prevent diseases.

1.2.2 Project Sanjeevini: Sanjeevani was launched in November 2009, in Waluj, Maharashtra. It
covers 9 small villages, all situated within 10 – 25 kms area from Aurangabad city. The
population of the villages ranges from 300 to 1500 where the primary occupation is
agriculture. The rainfall in the region is inadequate and water scarcity is a major issue.
Due to poverty, malnutrition is another issue associated with this region.

The villages are in the hilly terrain of Aurangabad district and are not well connected; two
of them are inaccessible during monsoon. All the 9 villages, planned for intervention, have
genuine need for basic medical services as they are not covered by Govt PHCs. The
awareness regarding health is very low; cases of malnutrition and infant mortality are a
common problem here. The awareness regarding reproductive healthcare is totally nil and
early marriages are a common factor increasing the risk for both the mother and the new
born. Sanjeevani aims to build a sustainable primary health care system with the
involvement of the local population.
 Since the villages are widespread, to make access easy for the villagers, the company has
launched a mobile health clinic in this region. To make this intervention a success as far as
the community is concerned, the company is working with the local anganwadi
institutions, through whom the company is able to reach the children to ascertain and
improve their health.

1.2.3 Tumkur Health care project: This project is started with an objective of providing
comprehensive and quality primary health care services, regular health camps on various
diseases and also to increase awareness regarding personal hygiene, diet-nutrition, health
issues, mother and child care, vaccination amongst all. Through this project Wipro is able
to provide Quality primary health care to all the needy, and has empowered people
asserting for their health rights which have led to the emergence of a model project that
can be replicated in other areas.

1.2.4 Hindupur Health care Project:Wipro Infrastructure Engineering (WIN) has a

manufacturing unit outside Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh. Hindupur is one of the most
backward areas as it is drought prone and has perennial water shortage. The fact that it is
not on any major highway or station has added to its woes – no development has reached
the interior villages. The villagers are malnourished and prone to diseases. While some try
to make out a living on their dry land, some work as daily wage workers in factories like
that of WIN and others. The community felt that health care was a priority for them and
was keen that we focus on health care in their area. This project was started with
objectives of rendering health care services to around 2000 workers in the industrial area
of Hindupur through a Health Clinic where patients will have access to a doctor and a
nurse regularly, creating awareness among the targeted groups and families on health
aspects in the 9 villages and also to organize Health camps for the benefit of the
agriculture laborers, workers, women and children in the 9 villages.

1.2.5 Mysore Health care project: The chosen villages in Mysore houses around 70% of
schedule caste and 30% of (Other Backward Caste‟) OBC‟s. A very small percentage of
families own land and dwelling of their own, the vast majority does coolie work as
construction workers and agricultural labourers. Around 50% of the families earn below
 Rs.10000 per annum (BPL). Sanitation is a major concern in the area which results in a
constant slew of diseases.

This projectfocuses on the preventive and curative health needs of the community. Provide
comprehensive primary health service, regular health camps and awareness generation on
various issues of health to control and prevent contagious diseases and improve women and
child health and hygiene.

1.2.6 Amalner Health care project: Amalner Health Care Project was started in January 2012.
Currently company has a Wipro Consumer Care & Lighting Group (WCCLG) plant
situated in Amalner. The five villages selected for the project lack adequate health care
facilities. Amalner is a drought prone taluka, only 3% land is irrigated. People do not have
a continuous source of livelihood; most of the people living in the area are either small
farmer or labourers. The people of these villages are unaware of the various health care
services that are available to them. The project aims at providing curative and preventive
health care facilities along with working towards increasing the efficacy of existing health
care infrastructure and services.

1.3 Environment: Wipro has been working in different areas that contribute to environmental
sustainability, one such initiative is:

TIST Program empowers small groups of farmers in countries such as Tanzania, Kenya,
Uganda, India, Honduras, and Nicaragua to reverse the devastating effects of
deforestation, drought and famine by identifying local sustainable developmental goals
that include tree planting and sustainable agriculture. TIST India operates the TIST
Program in India.

The project identifies, encourages and involves about 25 or more subsistence farmers to
plant 25,000 trees in their own land. These farmers would engage in tree planting activity
in their own land which would result in about 25-40 acres of dry/waste land transforming
into a green space. The newly planted trees will gradually change the climate and improve
the air quality in addition to working towards water conservation. TIST India also trains
the subsistence farmers on various other activities to use their land effectively to get
 additional income so that the farmers will continue to view their land as a source of
income. This project has assisted the livelihood of about 80 subsistence farmers and has
planted more than a lakh trees.

1.4 Disaster Rehabilitation: Whenever there is a disaster, one feels a sense of urgency to help
the affected people and provide relief. Unfortunately most of this support is directed towards or
restricted to relief. Once the relief phase is over, the affected people need sustained support to
rebuild their lives. So in order to support the affected people Wipro, first engages with such
people to understand their needs and then provides support.

1.4.1 Uttarkhand floods Project – Unnati: In June 2013, a multi-day cloudburst centered on
the North Indian state of Uttarakhand caused devastating floods and landslides in the
country's worst natural disaster since the 2004 tsunami. This project was intended to
address systemic socio-economic issues through Strengthening sources of alternate
livelihoods and lessening dependence on tourism through : Organic farming,
Horticulture, Bee-keeping, Dairy farming
1.4.2 Odisha flood project: A severe cyclonic storm named as Phailin with wind speed of
more than 220 km per hour hit Odisha at about 9 PM on 12th October 2013 which
affected 1, 36, 86,368 population belonging to 10,053 villages, 1960 GPs and 42 urban
local bodies (ULBs) of 143 blocks of 16 districts of the state due to cyclone as well
aftermath flood as per OSDMA report.The cyclonic storm Phailin and the subsequent
floods caused immense damage to the boats of fishermen in coastal areas of Ganjam.The
proposed project was implemented in 15 villages covering 5 Gram Panchayats (GPs) of
Ganjam Block and Polasara Block of Ganjam District, which were affected by cyclone
Phailin and the subsequent flood. The project was implemented by Centre for Youth and
Social Development (CYSD), Bhubaneshwar.
1.4.3 Tsunami project – Tamilnadu: The tsunami that hit coastal India in 2004 left many to
grieve, their lives were swept away in front of their eyes. The Indian Ocean tsunami
killed 2, 30,000 people in 2004 and those who were left behind had the daunting task of
rebuilding their lives. This was when, Wipro Cares helped victims in Tamil Nadu by
providing support in the areas of livelihood, education, construction of houses and
building defense against any natural calamities in the future.
 Livelihood support was an integral part of the project. Under livelihood support was
provided in the areas of agricultural land, plantation and fishing.

Education:No rehabilitation is complete without addressing the needs of children. In

Pushpavanam, a village in Tamilnadu, Wipro Cares added additional infrastructure to
four of the existing schools catering to over 500 children. Objective of this was to get all
the children, both boys and girls, in Pushpavanam to get educated and one way of
ensuring this was by building toilets and providing clean drinking water.

Protection from floods:The coastal tree plantation in Pushpavanam village was an

insurance against the destructive recurring floods. Pushpavanam had a coastal tree cover
which, to some extent, provided relief to the village during tsunami.On October 1st and
2nd of 2005, Wiproites joined the people of Nagapattinam in planting 2, 54,464 saplings
on 47 hectares of land along the coast of Pushpavanam and Naluvedapaty.

Construction of houses:Wipro Cares constructed 35 earthquake and cyclone proof

houses as per the government norms in Naluvedapaty. The construction of houses was
completed in 2007.

1.4.4 Bihar Floods- 2008: In 2008 Bihar saw the ugliest face of Kosi when she changed her
course and inundated vast areas of land. Nearly 2.3 million people in North Bihar were
affected by these floods. Wipro Cares assisted the victims by being a part of an owner
driven collaboration and partnering with UNDP, the State, Civil Society and the
communities affected by the floods. Wipro Cares realized the need to build awareness
around eco sanitation and rain water harvesting. As a part of the campaign, we
implemented a social advocacy campaign. The campaign included awareness building,
educating and monitoring the usage patterns. Some of the other important activities
carried out in this project is eco-san toilets, Solar Light, dug well, shelters, rain water
harvesting, road construction and planation.
1.4.5 Karnataka floods 2009: Like Wipro‟s earlier engagements in the tsunami and kosi flood
affected areas, here too company met the affected communities to understand their needs
and work to fulfill these needs, one such identified area was housing. For this two
 villages belonging to two different districts were selected to build the houses. These
villages were Hosurapaidoddi in Surapurtaluk of Yadgir district and Naregal of Koppal
District. 111 houses have been built in HosuraPaidoddi where as in Naregal a total of 428
houses have been constructed.

1.5 Volunteering at Wipro: Wipro Cares has initiated Learning Enhancement Programs at
schools catering to children from the underprivileged section of the society. The main objectives
of these programs are to improve the standards of learning, building confidence, igniting
curiosity and improving the ability to communicate in English.This project was work through a
dedicated set of volunteers.

1.5.1 Bangalore chapter: At Jalahalli School, the volunteers help the children with their school
curriculum.

1.5.2 Chennai Chapter: At Thiruvika School, Shenoy Nagar, company engage with children by
helping them learns and enhances their creativity.

1.5.3 NCR chapter:At Dhyan Foundation, the volunteers add more meaning to the children‟s
lives by celebrating days like Childrens‟ Day and Christmas, especially for them.

1.5.4 Hyderabad chapter: Volunteers visit AshrayAkruti every month and organize extra-
curricular activities for the children. They conduct a theme based activity every month.
The volunteers seek constant support from the teachers to carry out these activities.

1.5.5 Mumbai Chapter: At Each One Teach One, the volunteers visit the children regularly to
interact with them, understand them and conduct sessions which help the children. The
common topics taken in these sessions are English, Computers, Arts and Crafts, General
Knowledge, Career Guidance etc.

1.5.6 Pune chapter:Volunteers visit the Door Step School regularly to interact with the children
and teach them the significance of hygiene and nutrition.

1.5.7 Singapore chapter:Volunteers at Wipro, Singapore visit an old age home called Society
for the Aged Sick. The home houses mostly wheelchair bound old people who have
 endured a lot in life. The volunteers try and spend some quality time with the old people
and help them enjoy the simple pleasures of life.

2. Wipro Applying Thought in Schools: This is our initiative to help in societal change and
development. The intent of this initiative is to improve the quality of education in
schools.Schools across the country tend to be regimented and homogenous, with no space for
individual interpretations or conceptual learning – memorizing is learning. In this line Wipro
have built a partner network of 30 of India‟s foremost educational organizations to helpin
building and growing social organizations. Wipro has alsoworked with around 2000 schools and
10,500 educators across 17 states reaching around 800,000 students and supported 10 people on
Wipro Education Fellowship since 2007. Currently, company engaged in projects with around
700 schools across the country in partnership with 22 partners.

3. Mission10X is a not-for-profit trust of Wipro, launched on September 5, 2007, with an aim to

enhance the employability skills of engineering graduates in India. It aims to achieve this by
collaborating with academicians & leading educational institutions across the country.

The Mission10X Learning Approach empowers engineering faculty with innovative teaching
techniques using which they can help learners in imbibing higher level of understanding of
subjects, application of concepts learned and development of key behavioral skills.

Since its launch Mission10X has gained tremendous recognition and momentum in the field of
engineering education. Mission10X has reached out to over 1,200 engineering colleges across 25
States in India and has empowered over 23,000 engineering faculty members.

4. Eco eye: The core of Wipro‟s social and community initiatives is focused on responsible and
deep engagement with all stakeholders – present and future generations. eco-eye is the way we
see ourselves and our engagement with stakeholders – on the journey to more sustainable
business practices. The initiative focuses on reducing ecological footprint of business operations,
engagement with employees and supply chain, partners and customers to create a more
sustainable society, and transparent reporting/disclosures.The ecological dimensions of Wipro‟s
operations are focused on energy efficiency, water efficiency; waste/pollution management and
recently enhancing biodiversity- company have set stretch targets for each of them. Moving
beyond mere compliance with laws and regulations, engagement with employees focuses on
health and safety, people development, and increasing diversity and inclusivity at workplace.
Close collaboration with suppliers to reduce their own ecological footprint and help meet and
exceed labour and human rights norms is a key focus area. For customers and business partners,
Wipro offer a host of solutions and products to help make their own businesses more sustainable.

5. Earthian is their Sustainability Program for Schools and Colleges. It is designed to act as a
catalyst for fostering excellence in sustainability thinking and doing amongst young people. The
annual awards program is a first step towards a deeper engagement with children and young
adults in schools and colleges. Those in schools and colleges today will be our future policy
makers, technocrats, administrators and educationists who will lead this change. Since its
inception in 2011, earthian has more than 3000 schools and colleges registered in the program.
Each year, earthian aims to introduce new themes and global issues to students. Schools have
been given an activity based program with Water as the central theme while Colleges have been
asked to write analytical essays on various themes such as Global Warming, Sustainable Cities
etc. earthian was also launched in Hindi in 2013, targetingschools in the north Indian states.”

CONCLUSION:
Today the competition is so much that majority of the companies are fully concentrating on how
to out-beat their competitor, when to come up with a new product, how much is to be spent on
R&D, whether to diversify or not and which new market to enter. So the companies have hardly
got time to think about doing something good to the society. But still, there are some companies,
despite paucity of time, are still able to do good to the society and one such company is Wipro.
By looking at the various CSR initiatives of the Wipro Ltd, it is very much visible that Wipro has
done a lot to the upliftment of the society. They have not confined themselves to one particular
cause, but with each and every problem that is being encountered by the various sections of the
society, Wipro has lend its helping had in various spheres of the problems in the society. Wipro
should not become complacent in what it is doing with respect to the corporate social
responsibility, but should continue to serve still better so that Wipro becomes a household name
throughout the company, bringing lights in the life of the people who have suffered because of
man and nature created problems.
 Reference:
1) Frederick, W.C., The growing concern over business responsibility (California
Management Review, Vol.2, 1960) pp. 54-61
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Perspective, 2001, http://www.ficci.com
4) Mark Goyder, Redefining CSR: From the Rhetoric of Accountability to the Reality of
Earning Trust (Tomorrow's Company,2003)
5) Wood, D.J. , Towards improving corporate social performance (Business Horizons, Vol.
34 No. 4, World Business Council for Sustainable Development 1991) pp. 66-73
6) Khan, A.F.and Atkinson, A. (1987), “Managerial attitudes to social responsibility: A
comparative study in India and Britain”,Journal of Business Ethics,6,pp 419-431.
7) Amit Kumar Srivastava, GayatriNegi, Vipul Mishra, Corporate Social Responsibility: A
Case Study Of TATA Group, IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSRJBM)
ISSN: 2278-487X Volume 3, Issue 5 (Sep,-Oct. 2012), PP 17-27
8) Pradhan Sanjay, AkhileshRanjan,(2010), Corporate Social Responsibility in Rural
Development Sector: Evidences From India PP- 139-147.
9) TatjanaChahoud, Johannes Emmerling, Dorothea KolbIrisKubina, Gordon Repinski,
CatarinaSchläger, Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility in India -
Assessing the UN Global Compac's Role, Studies /
DeutschesInstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik ISSN 1860-0468 PP 17-18.
10) http://www.wipro.com/about-Wipro/sustainability/

11) http://www.wipro.org/community/wipro-cares.html

12) http://www.wipro.com/about-wipro/

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