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PROBLEM:
A continuous beam as shown which is a part of a roof system supporting elements likely to
be damage by large deflection is to carry a dead load of 5 kN/m on all span and a live load of 5kN/m
on span BC and DE. Material properties used in the design are f’c=30 MPa, fy=414MPa, n=8.
Reinforcement at critical sections are shown.
A B C D E
Moment diagram 0 0
due to DL 6.57
13.94
22.50
Moment diagram
due to LL 0 0
0.33
7.70
22.50
50 mm 50 mm
As As'
400 mm 400 mm
As' As
50 mm 50 mm
250 mm 250 mm
Required:
1.) Determine the immediate deflection ∆iLL due to live load and total deflection ∆iTOT=∆iLL + ∆iLT at
the following locations
a. Midspan of beam BC
b. Free end of cantilever beam DE
2.) Are deflections controlled at the above locations?
Note: Use time dependent factor and corresponding to 4 years. Use weighted average Ieff.
Page 1 of 11
ANALYSIS/METHODOLOGY:
In this laboratory exercise, the deflections were computed using the given data and with the
help of ACI TABLE.
The given values and figure were used to calculate the immediate deflection due to live load
and the total deflection at the Midspan of beam BC and free end of beam DE and also in determining
if the deflections are controlled or not.
Using the formulas:
5 M(L)2
∆𝑖 = k ( )
48 Ec (Ie )
Mcr 3 Mcr 3
Iem = (Mm) Ig + [1- (Mm) ] Icr ≤ Ig
RESULTS:
1.) a.) At Midspan of Beam BC
ΔιLL = 0.863 mm
ΔiTOT = 1.164 mm
ΔiTOT = 2.696 mm
CONCLUSIONS:
We therefore conclude that it is highly required to control the deflections to ensure the
serviceability of the structure or for the structure to function well at a given span.
Also, the deflections depends on the loads carried by the beam and time is also a factor that
contribute to the deflection of the structure.
It is also essential that the requirements are fulfilled for every structure.
During the service period, a member carries the full dead load plus some fraction of live
load or maybe all the live load. ACI code for safety provisions has ensure that under service loads,
stresses in concrete and steel remains within the elastic limit. Consequently, there are loads that occur
once during service are so called immediate deflections/elastic deflections can be calculated based on
assumptions.
Page 2 of 11
APPENDIX
GIVEN:
WDL = 5 KN/m all span n=8
WLL = 5 KN/m on span BC and DE As = 0.667Pmax bd
f’c = 30 MPa As’ =0.334Pmax bd
fy = 414 MPa
SOLUTIONS:
5 M(L)2
∆𝑖 = k ( )
48 Ec (Ie )
Determining the parameters involved:
50 mm 50 mm
As As'
400 mm 400 mm
As' As
50 mm 50 mm
250 mm 250 mm
Ec = 4700√f′c
Ec = 4700√30
𝐄𝐜 = 𝟐𝟓, 𝟕𝟒𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝟎 𝐌𝐏𝐚
bh3
Ig =
12
(250mm)(400mm)3
Ig =
12
𝐈𝐠 = 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟒
fr Ig
Mcr =
yT
0.70√30 (1333.333x 106 mm4 )
Mcr =
200mm
Mcr = 25.560 x 106 N − mm or
𝐌𝐜𝐫 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝟔𝟎 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
β 600
Pb =
m 600+fy
fy
m=
0.85(f'c)
414
m=
0.85(30)
m=16.235
0.836 600
Pb =
16.235 600+414
Pb = 0.0305
As'
Pmax = 0.75 (0.0305) + bd
1
Since As’= 2 Pmax bd
1
Pmax = 0.75 (0.0305) + 2 Pmax
Pmax = 0.046
As = Pmax bd
As = 0.046 (250) (350)
As = 4025 mm2
1
As’ = 2 Pmax bd
1
As’ = 2 (0.046) (250) (350)
As’ = 2012.5 mm2
nAs
350-X
X
[Grab
(n-1)As
your
50 mm
reader
250 mm
’s
attenti
on
with a
great Page 4 of 11
X
0 = nAs (d-X) – b (x) - (2n-1) As’ (X-50)
2
X
0 = 8 (4025) (350-X) - 250(x) 2 - (2(8)-1) (2012.5) (X-50)
X=156.049 mm
Tension steel
Io = 0 = negligible
Ad2 = nAs(d-x)2
Ad2 = 8(4025)(350-156.049)2
Ad2 = 1211.267x106 mm4
Compression steel
Io = 0 = negligible
Ad2 = (2n-1)As'(d-x)2
Ad2 = (2x8-1)(2012.5)(156.049-50)2
Ad2 = 339.500x106 mm4
Concrete
b(x)3 x 2
Io+Ad2 = +bx( )
12 2
250(156.049)3 156.049 2
Io+Ad2 = +250(156.049)( )
12 2
2 6 4
Io+Ad =316.667x10 mm
Icr=1867.434x106 mm4
At Beam section of midspan BC
As = 0.667Pmax bd
As’ = 0.334Pmax bd
Page 5 of 11
As'
Pmax = 0.75 (0.0305) + ; and since As’=0.334Pmax bd
bd
Pmax = 0.75 (0.0305) + 0.334Pmax
Pmax = 0.034
As = 0.667Pmax bd
As = 0.667 (0.034) (250) (350)
As = 1984.325 mm2
As’ =0.334Pmax bd
As’ = 0.334 (0.034) (250) (350)
As’ = 993.650 mm2
X
0 = b(x) 2 +(2n-1)As’(X-50) - nAs(d-X)
X
0 = 250(x) 2 +(2(8)-1)(993.65)(X-50)-8(1984.325) (350-X)
X=132.946 mm
For Icr:
Tension steel
Io = 0 = negligible
Ad2 =nAs(d-x)2
Ad2 =8(1984.325)(350-132.946)2
Ad2 =747.891x106 mm4
Compression steel
Io = 0 = negligible
Ad2 =(2n-1)As'(d-x)2
Ad2 =(2*8-1)(993.65)(132.946-50)2
Ad2 =102.545x106 mm4
Concrete
b(x)3 x 2
Io+Ad2 = +bx( )
12 2
250(132.946)3 132.946 2
Io+Ad2 = +250(132.946)( )
12 2
Io+Ad2 =195.814x106 mm4
Icr=1046.250x106 mm4
Page 6 of 11
1.) Midspan of beam BC
a.)
For Dead Loads
WDL (L)2
Mo = 8
5 (5)2
Mo = 8
Mo = 15.625 KN-m
MBDL +MCDL
Mm = Mo- Mave where: Mave= 2
13.94+6.57
Mm = 15.625 - 2
Mm = 5.370 KN-m
Mo
k = 1.2 – 0.20 Mm
15.625
k = 1.2 – 0.20 ( 5.370 )
k = 0.618
Mcr 3 Mcr 3
IeB = ( MB ) Ig + [1- ( MB ) ] Icr ≤ Ig
25.56 3 25.56 3
IeB = (13.94) (1333.333x106 ) + [1- (13.94) ] (1867.434x106 ) ≤ (1333.333x106 )
IeB = 1425.004x106 > 1333.333x106
Therefore, use 1333.333x106
Mcr 3 Mcr 3
IeC = ( MC ) Ig + [1- ( MC ) ] Icr ≤ Ig
25.56 3 25.56 3
IeC = ( 6.57 ) (1333.333x106 ) + [1- ( 6.57 ) ] (1867.434x106 ) ≤ (1333.333x106 )
IeC = 29581.783x106 > 1333.333x106
Therefore, use 1333.333x106
Page 7 of 11
5 M (L)2
∆iDL = k (48) E m(I
c eff )
5 5.37x106 (5000)2
∆iDL = 0.618 (48)
25742.96 (1333.333x106 )
∆iDL = 0.252 mm
Mcr 3 Mcr 3
IeB = ( MB ) Ig + [1- ( MB ) ] Icr ≤ Ig
25.56 3 25.56 3
IeB = (21.64) (1333.333x106 ) + [1- (21.64) ] (1867.434x106 ) ≤ (1333.333x106 )
IeB = 987.330 x106 < 1333.333x106
Therefore, use 987.330 x106
Mcr 3 Mcr 3
Iec = ( MC ) Ig + [1- ( MC ) ] Icr ≤ Ig
25.56 3 25.56 3
Iec = ( 6.90 ) (1333.333x106 ) + [1- ( 6.90 ) ] (1867.434x106 ) ≤ (1333.333x106 )
Iec = 25281.868x106 > 1333.333x106
Therefore, use 1333.333x106
1
Where: λ = ξ [1+5.0P']
1
Therefore, λ = 1.85 [1+5.0 (0.011)]
λ = 1.194
∆LT = λ∆SUS
∆LT = (1.194) (0.252)
∆LT = 0.301 mm
Ie = Iem
Page 9 of 11
Mcr 3 Mcr 3
Ie = (MD) Ig + [1- (MD) ] Icr ≤ Ig
25.56 3 25.56 3
Ie = (22.50) (1333.333x106 ) + [1- (22.50) ] (1867.434x106 ) ≤ (1333.333x106 )
Ie = 1084.440 x106 > 1333.333x106
Therefore, use 1084.440 x106
Finally,
5 𝑀𝐿2
Δ𝜄𝐷𝐿 = 𝐾 (48)(𝐸𝑐𝐼𝑒)
1000 𝑚𝑚 2
12 5 (22.50 𝑥106 𝑁•mm)(3 m x )
Δ𝜄𝐷𝐿 = ( ) ( ) [ 𝑁
1𝑚
]
5 48 (25 742.960 )(1084.440 x10 𝑚𝑚4 )
6
𝑚𝑚2
Δ𝛊𝐃𝐋 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟑 𝐦𝐦
Mcr 3 Mcr 3
Ie = (MD) Ig + [1- (MD) ] Icr ≤ Ig
25.56 3 25.56 3
Ie = (22.50+22.50) (1333.333x106 ) + [1- (22.50+22.50) ] (1867.434x106 ) ≤ (1333.333x106 )
Ie = 1769.560 x106 > 1333.333x106
Therefore, use 1333.333x106
Finally,
5 𝑀𝐿2
Δ𝜄𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿 = 𝐾 (48)(𝐸𝑐𝐼𝑒)
1000 𝑚𝑚
12 5 (22.50 𝑥106 𝑁•mm)(3 m x )2
1𝑚
= ( )[ ]
5 48 (25 742.960 𝑁 2 )(1333.333 x106 𝑚𝑚4 )
𝑚𝑚
Δ𝛊𝐃𝐋+𝐋𝐋 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦
Page 10 of 11
Solving for P’ : use Midspan values for continuous
As'
P’ = bd
2012.50
P’ = (250) (350)
P’ = 0.023
1
Therefore, λ = 1.85 [1+5.0 (0.023)]
λ = 0.860
Δ𝐿𝑇 = λ∆SUS
Δ𝐿𝑇 = (0.860) (1.813)
Δ𝐿𝑇 = 1.559 mm
Page 11 of 11