Incinerator Design

Criteria for Incinerator
Design and Operation
vised June 1974

0 Re(Cl
Ministry Environmental
of the Approvals
TD
796 Environment Branch
.057 Ontario
1974
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction 2
2. Classification of Wastes 3
3. General Requirements 4
4. Auxiliary Fittings 5
5. Incinerators for Types 1, 2 and 3 Wastes
5.1 Physical Description and Diagrams 6

5.2 The Combustion Process 6
5.3 Comparison of Basic Designs 6
5.4 Design Parameters - Physical Dimensions 6
5.5 Design Parameters - Combustion 10
5.6 Operating Requirements 11
6. Selection and Sizing Guide 12
7. Incinerators for Type 4 Waste - Pathological 13
7.1 Pathological Waste - Definition 13
7.2 Physical Description 13
7.3 Design Criteria 14

7.4 Crematory Incinerators 14
APPENDICES
A: Definitions 15
B: Design Assessment 17
C: Sample Calculations 26
D: Guides to Applicants for Certificates of Approval 44

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LJ
1. INTRODUCTION
These criteria have been prepared to assist in the design, assesment
and operation of incinerators.
This publication has been produced after a thorough examination of
existing practices. It has been found that difficulties of odour and
soiling by particulate, encountered in the past, have been due to in-
complete combustion and/or to poor operation.
Specific design parameters and operating procedures are included for
incinerators burning No. 1, No. ?, No. 3 and No. 4 type waste. The
basic principles that governed No. 5 and No. 6 type waste incinerat-
ors impose special design requirements and are not dealt with.
It is not intended to stifle new ideas or to restrict design in any way.
F
The basic principles behind these parameters are those inherent in
any good incinerator design. This publication deals in detail with
factors associated with the conventional 3-pass type incinerator.
They require that the conditions of' temperature, retention time, and
good mixing needed for complete combustion are met. Associated
with these are other details of design which are aimed at the goal of
reducing the possibility of poor operation due to the human factor.
Any design which fulfils these requirements will be acceptable.
As technical advances and practical observations provide more in-
formation, these data will be revised accordingly.
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2
2. CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES
Waste platter play be divided into the following types:

Type 1 -Rubbish
Mainly cellulosic waste. Lip to 10 percent pop-C0111I)LIStible, Lip to
25 percent moisture and a nlininlunl gross heat value of 6,500
BTU per lb. It does not include halogenated hydrocarbons, rubber,
leather or wood.
Type 2 - Refuse
A mixture of rubbish and garbage, with a moisture content of
about 35 to 50 percent and with a gross heat value of 4000 - 6000
BTU per Ib.
-
Type 3 Garbage
Mixed aninial and vegetable waste from restaurants, cafeterias,
etc_, a moisture content of 30 to 70 percent and a gross heat value
of 1000 - 3000 BT II per Ib.
-
Type 4 Pathological
Carcasses, human and animal: organs and solid organic waste from
hospitals, laboratories, abattoirs and amoral compounds; dispos-
able operating theatre garments and swabs; maternity, sanitary
and incontinent pads, disposable diapers and other similar mater-
ials in which pathogenic bacteria might be present.
Type 5 -Industrial
E Gaseous, liquid or semi-liquid compounds, materials such as tars,
paints, solvents, etc. Beat value dependent on materials handled.
Type 6 - Industrial
Solid waste, such as rubber, plastic, wood, halogenated hydro-
carbons, leather and similar materials. Heat value dependent on
material handled.
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3
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
All incinerators constructed or installed should meet the fol- I nsulation:

lowing provisions:
(a) Name Plate

Insulation can be provided by use of ventilated air
spaces, loose frill for roofs only, block insulation, insul-
ating concrete or any comhinaiion of these systems
r:
Each incinerator shall be provided with a metal plate which a ill ensure continuous protection of the surf-
permanently attached in a conspicuous location. The ace, casing or wall inw,lved. Loose fill insulation is not
plate shall bear the rated capacity of the unit, the type considered suitable for filling spaces between vertical
of waste for which it is designed and the manufactur- walls, as it may pack or leave voids, creating hot spots.
er's name. The manufacturer's or supplier's model Insulation should be selected for characteristics which
number and the trade name of the unit may also be will endure high interface temperatures without deter-
shown. ioration, and provide suitable "coldface" temperatures.
Where steel frame and steel plate construction replac-
Ib) Physical Requirements
es common brick outer wall construction the inciner-
all conventional 3 pass incinerators should be ator steel casing surface temperature shall not exceed
equipped with: '40oF and for safety reasons should preferahly he
below I SOoF.
) An ignition chamber within the incinerator where
i
1
(d) Incinerator Room
primary ignition and burning takes place, adequate in
size for its intended use: flee room in which the incinerator is installed shall be
large enough to provide a clearance of not less than 3
Iii) A mixing chamber (usually placed between the ig- feet on any side for examination and repair purposes,
nition and combustion chambers) where thorough mix- and in no case shall there be less than 6 feet at the
ing of the products of combustion is accomplished by front (charging door end).
utcreased velocities of the gases, afterburners, checker- Air intakes shall be required from the outside atmos-
work and/or changes of direction of the gas flow. It phere to provide ample air for combustion and venti-
Should be of such dimensions and shape, with mini- lation at all times and so located as to avoid extremes
mum gas velocities, to permit complete mixing of the of temperature (see page 10).
gases and solids arising from the fuel hed with the
The room should be fire resistant and isolated to con-
combustion air:
form to Municipal Building Codes.
(iii) A combustion chamber where the unburned com-
bustible material from the mixing chamber is complet- (e) Combustion Requirements
ly horned. This should be adequate in size to complete A damper or other means should he provided
the combustion of all solid, semi-solid or gaseous pro- late the combustion air supply (see page 9).
ducts when operated according to the manufacturer's (f) Auxiliary Combustion Equipment
operating instructions under any operating conditions
The necessary incinerator operating temperatures shall
likely to occur. be maintained by the use of auxiliary combustion
(c) Construction equipment, as indicated in Table l (page I I).
Refractory: Nuzzle-mix power burners should be fitted and adjust-
Refractory walls. hearths, arches and suspended roofs ed to produce, if possible, a flame to blanket the entire
slu,uld be constructed of high heat duty material, equi- mixing chamber passageway and to create turbulence
valent in quality to firebrick, conforming to As TM de- so as to thoroughly mix the combustibles with the
signation C-24, P.C.E. 31-3' (309-20F). combustion air. This is needed to ensure complete
An equivalent wall thickness of 4-1 '
inches is requir- combustion and to eliminate odour and smoke emis-
ed for incinerators below 500 Ib hr. capacity an equi- sions.
valent of 9 inches is required for incinerators of and Each burner should be provided with an automatic pi-
exceeding 500 Ih'hr. capacity. Firebrick should be laid lot or ignition device and an approved automatic flame
with a thin -dipcoat" of high temperature cement failure shut-off valve.
mortar: thick "buttered" joints contribute to cracking Whenever the ignition and mixing chamber burners are
and early deterioration of firebrick walls and arches. not on during the complete combustion cycle, they
Provision must be made for expansion. Floors must be shall be provided with a temperature sensing control-
well insulated to prevent damage to foundations or ler which will maintain the required temperaturegrad-
subfloors. ients throughout the incinerator.
Auxiliary burners should be designed and located to
Monolithic: ensure that the flame does not impinge on cold surf-
Monolithic construction requires sturdy, easily remov- aces before combustion is complete, and to avoid dam-
able formwork. Pouring, ramming or "gunning" must . age to the burner by excessive radiation of heat.
be executed in such a way as to prevent voids or poor
Charging
bonding. (9) r1
Suspended roofs must he built so as to avoid radiation Incinerators should be designed to minimize the possi- L J
damage to tile hangers and supporting steel. Easy re- bility of overloading and piling of the waste during
placement of damaged or deteriorated tile should be charging.
one of the design considerations. New flue fed incinerators are prohibited.
4
4.AUXILIARY FITTINGS
4. AUXILIARY FITTINGS
(a) Breeching Screens or Spark Arrestors:
Incinerators used for the disposal of waste type Nos. breaching ahead of the screen, and the screen shall be
'
I, and 3 must have a spark arrestor on top of the mounted at an angle of at least 450 to the vertical in
stack. In situations where it would be difficult to such a manner that particulate may fall off freely.
maintain such a screen, a breeching screen may be A Spark Arrestor for mounting on lop of the stack or
considered a satisfactory, substitute. In either case the chimney should be of the following type. It shall have
screen wire should be of No. 14 gauge, and the mesh a height above the opening equal to the maximum hor-
should be a No. 3 (5/16 openings) made using a heat izontal dimension of the stack or chimney. The screen
resistant alloy. should be shaped to form a tight seal to the stack. It is
also desirable that the wire box-like frame of the arres-
A Breeching Screen shall be mounted in a suitable heat
tor shall be rigidly attached to an angle iron base which
resistant sliding steel frame to facilitate removal for fits flush with, and nests around, the chimney or
purpose of cleaning, examination and/or replacement. stack opening.
A sturdy box-like construction of heavy gauge metal
to resist distortion is recommended. The breeching
shall be enlarged to accommodate a screen of an area (b) Test Openings:
of at least double the breeching area. The preferred lo- Test openings for examination purposes shall be provid-
cation of such a screen shall be in the vertical portion ed in the ignition chamber, mixing chamber and
of the breeching. If, because of space considerations, combustion chamber. A two inch pipe with a threaded
a horizontal breeching is used, then a suitable clean out cap should normally be adequate, but the pipe should
point shall be provided in the enlarged section of the not extend into the furnace.
5
5. INCINERATORS FOR TYPES 1, 2 AND 3 WASTES
5.1 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION In passing through the curtain wall port front the mixing
chamber to the final combustion chamber, the gases under
General experience has led to the use of multichamber incin-
go additional changes in direction accompanied by expan-
erators for the combustion of rubbish, refuse and garbage. sion and final oxidation of combustible components in the
The configuration of these incincerators falls into the two connhustion chamber.
general types shown in Figure and These are the Retort
1
type in which the chambers are arranged in a U configura- 5.3 COMPARISON OF BASIC DESIGNS
tion, and the In-Line type in which the chambers are arrang-
The factors which tend to cause a difference in performance
ed in a linear sequence.
of the two incinerator types are related to the location of the
The choice between these layouts is usually imposed by prac- flame ports and the sizes of the chambers.
tical considerations of space and the relative proportions of
the chambers, which are imposed by technical considerations. The changes of flow direction inherent in the retort type im-
pose a design limitation on the size and position of the flame
(a) Retort Type: port, this limitation is not so severe in the case of the in-line
Fssential features that distinguish the retort type of type.
design are as follows:
If the incinerator is not too large (capacity below about
(1) The arrangement of the chambers causes the
750 Ib;'hr.) the retort type is superior because.
combustion gases to now through 90 degree turns in
both lateral and vertical directions. (a) The violent change in the direction of flow of the
(_) The return flow of the gases permits the use of gaws aids in the mixing of the combustibles with
a common wall between the primary and secondary the air;
combustion stages. Ib) The common wall between the ignition and combus-
A cut-a-way view of a retort incinerator is shown in tion chambers tends to provide higher thermal effi-
Figure I. ciency.
(b) In-Line Type: However, as the charge capacity becomes larger the retort
Distinguishing features of the In-Line type design are design gives rise to regions of low turbulence (dead spaces)
as follows: particularly in the ignition and mixing chambers. I he great-
( I ) Flow of the combustion gases is straight through er flexibility in flanteport design of the in-line type reduces
the incincerator with 90 degree turns only in the ver- the occurrence of these dead spaces.
tical direction. For incinerators with capacities above 1000 Ibjir, the in-
(') The in-line arrangement is readily adaptable to line type becomes superior.
installations that require separated spacing of the
No outstanding factors favour either the retort or in-line
chambers for operating, maintenance or other reasons.
configuration in the 750 to 1000 Ib!hr. capacity range. The
A cut-a-way view of an hi-Line multiple-chamber in-
choice will be influenced by space limitations and charging
cinerator is given in Figure '. conditions.
5.2 THE COMBUSTION PROCESS 5.4 DESIGN PARAMETERS - PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS

The combustion process in a multiple chamber incinerator (a) Grate Area:
proceeds in two stages: ( i ) Nlinintum area permitted: 3.5 square feet for all
(a) Primary combustion of the waste in the ignition types of combustible wastes.
chamber-. ( ii ) Incinerators for rubbish (Type I waste) should
(b) Secondary or gaseous combustion. The secondary
combustion occurs in two chambers first in the have an area of not less than square feet,
lug ptl
I
mixing chamber and finally in the combustion chant- where pH = pounds per hour of waste material to be
he r. incinerated.
The primary combustion in the ignition chamber includes
the drying and ignition of the solid refuse. This is achieved
( iii I Incinerators for Type '
waste shall have an area
by the use of an ignition or primary burner when necessary. of not less than square feet, where pH =
loll pH
10 log
As the burning proceeds, the moisture and volatile compon- pounds per hours of waste material to be incinerated.
ents of the fuel are vaporized and partially oxidized in pass-
( iv) Incinerators for garbage (Type 3 waste) should
ing from the ignition chamber to the mixing chamber via
the flame port. have an area of not less than 1-pH H square feet,
8 gP
The volatile components of the refuse and the products of
where pH = pounds per hour of waste material to be
combustion flow down into the nnixing chamber into which
incinerated.
secondary air is introduced. These gases pass through the
flames of a secondary burner which assists in initiating the The curves of Figure 3 represent the above mathentati
second stage of the combustion process by providing the ne- cal relationship between the combustion rate and the
cessary heat and mixing. Turbulent mixing resulting from grate area. The permissible deviation of the grate area
high velocities and abrupt changes in flow direction, furthers is ( 0 to + 5%). Grate area may not he replaced by
the gaseous-phase reaction. solid hearth area.
6
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CHAMBER WALL
TO ROOF FROM FLOOR
(SHOWN CUTAWAY)
CURTAIN
wA L L EXTENDING
ARCH 70 ROOF FROM
'SHOWN CUTAWAY
CHARGING
DOOR
FIGURE 1. CUTAWAY OF
F ,4 RETORT
MULTIPLE-
CHgIyIgER INCINERATOR
BRIDGE WALL
FLAME PORT
IGNITION
CHAMBER
CHAMBER WALL
TO ROOF FROM FLOOR
(SHOWN CUTAWAY)
FIGURE 2.
CUTAWAY OF
AN IN- LINE MULTIPLE-CHAMBER
(('ourtesy Los
Angeles ('OUnty INCINERATOR
Air Pollution Control
District)
90
E
I
35
I I I , i
I
I
30
II
I ! I
I I
25
W I
i
I
.
I
I
I
1
11 !
I I
Ir { L r
I
i
I
15
'
10
1 I
s
I
- I
0 dkAA
CAPACITY (LBS. PER HR.

I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1(
FIGURE 3. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HOURLY COMBUSTION RATE AND GRATE AREA
8
(b) Grate Length to Width Ratio (approx.)
) Retorts
( i up to 500 Ibs.lhr. 2:1 b
over 500 lbs./hr. 1.75:1 9
( ii ) In-Line Diminishing from about 1.6: for 750

1
t
lbs./hr. to about 1 for 4000 lbs./hr.
: I
6 000
capacity.
6
(c) Arch Height: Q JS

The arch height may be calculated front the following
equation: 4
I l. (ft-) = 3
(Grate Area in sq. ft.) IT (± 10%) HA ' 3 IA GI 3 1 1
or it may be estimated from the curve of Figure 4.

FOR DRY REFUSE AND "1( 11-
(d) Charging Door: VALUESUSE 1Cr%CURVE
Top or side loading incinerator designs must be avoided FOR MOIST REFUSE ANO W.
.-
L
HE Are;/, ALUES tit

unless adequate arrangements are made to distribute
the charge evenly across the grate and to ensure that
the freshly charged material remains nearest the charg- 2 7 4 S 10 to ]a 40 ro 10a ws 1 oa
ing door. GRATE AREA (AG) l12

The charging door shall be located at the end of the
ignition chamber farthest from the flameport. and
this door shall be in the wall which is at one end of Fig. 4. Relationship of arch height to grate area
the longer grate dimension. for multiple - chamber incinerator
Maximum height of the top of the door is to be three
quarters of the arch height above the grate. provide adequate primary combustion chamber draft.
the effective induction draft at air inlets to the incin-
(e) Mixing Chamber: erator should be 0.10 in W.G. when the unit is oper-
Downpass length from top of ignition chamber arch to ating at rated capacity. (Assume equivalent III inlet vel-
top of curtain wall port - not less than 80 percent of ocity pressure of 2 ft./sec.)
1
the arch height. Effective draft is computed as theoretical stack draft

minus friction losses at design flow condilions.
(f) Combustion Chamber: After the minimum stack height which satisfies the
The calculation of retention lime poses a problem of draft requirements has been determined, attention
defining the gas velocity and the path taken by the should be paid to local land usage arid heights of sup-
gases, with questions of dead spaces arising. In order porting and adjacent structures. very attempt shall
to standardize a procedure, the following method, be made to prevent down-washing of effluent into
which results in a good appmxinhation of the true ventilation air intakes or windows which can be open-
situation, has been evolved. ed.
The path distance from the curtain wall port to [lie These considerations may indicate the necessity of
exit port opening is defined as: achieving exit velocities in excess of 36 ft./sec. This
The straight line distance between the point on the may be done (e.g. by coning), in which case an in-
curtain wall port nearest to the exit, and the point crease in stack height may be needed in order to
on the exit port nearest to the curtain wall port. maintain the necessary draft.
The cross-sectional area to be used to determine gas
velocities, and to calculate the retention volume is de- (i) Barometric Damper:
fined as: A barometric damper will prevent an excessively high
The area of the chamber in that plane perpendicu- draft over the fuel bed. A draft of 0.1 inch W.G. should
lar to the walls, which is most nearly at right angles be maintained during the burning periods. The baro-
to the line of the path distance determined as above. metric damper is easily adjustable and should be set
from time to time to maintain the required draft. It
should be in an easily accessible location.
(g) fhe incinerator should be designed so as to avoid the
occurence of regions in the interior through which the The area of the barometric damper should normally
combustion gases do not pass, or in which turbulence be equal in size to the area of the installed breeching.
is lower than that required to ensure satisfactory com-
Breeching Area Diameter of
bustion.
Sq. Inches Regulator
In the design or assessment of incinerators such areas 113 1,,,
should be treated as if they were non-existent and be 154 14"
ignored when calculating volumes or path lengths. ?O1 16"
?55 18"
IN Stack: 314 20"
Stack height should be calculated by standard stack 380 ''"
design procedure and should be of sufficient height to 45' '4"
9
(a) Burners:
( if a chimney is less than 60 feet high and a relative-
i )
Tlie recommended BTII requirements for burners are
ly high draft (0.15 0,20) is required, reduce the area
given in Table I on Page 11.
of the barometric damper by 10 percent;
"Nozzle-mixing power burners" supplied with combus-
( ii) if a chimney is over 60 feet high and a normal
tion air from a pressure blower shall he used for both
draft is required, (0.1 0.13) add 10 percent to the the primary and secondary burners. Natural gas, liqui-
damper area for each additional 20 ft. of stack height.
If the required damper area is larger than the breech-
fied petroleum gas (LPG), or No. ? fuel oil can be used
for the incinerator burners.
C
ing area, this area may be achieved by the use of two
(b) Combustion Volume:
or more dampers.
To ensure complete combustion, sufficient volume
must be provided to ensure that adequate retention
(j) Isolation Damper. time is available for the heat release from both the
A guillotine or slide damper should be used for isola- solid waste fuel and the auxiliary fuel from the burn-
tion purposes when cleaning out the various zones or ers.
passes. This damper should he designed to meet the re-
The total volume of the incinerator chambers should
quirement of the Fuel Safety Branch of the Depart-
be based on a total heat release value (waste plus fuel)
ment of Energy and Resources Management and to
of about 25.000 BTU!cu.ft./hr.
give 90 percent closure only.
(k) Make-up Air:
The incinerator shall be installed in a location where (c) Combustion Air:
facilities for ventilation permit the intake of sufficient
air for draft control and maintenance of the ambient
lil Total Air requirement Sufficient air (calcu-
(batch charging operation) culated on the basis
temperature at safe limits. as well as satisfactory com- of heat balance) to
bustion of the waste. maintain a tempera-
ture of 1600OF in the
Outside there shall be a permanent air supply inlet or mixing and combus-
inlets having a total cross sectional free area of not less tion chambers
than 500 sq. inches plus an increase of I sq. inch for
Iii) Air Distribution Ports controllable
every 4,000 BTU/hr input in excessof 500,000 BTU/hr. up to:-
BTU/hr. input will include the total of the gross heat- Overfirs Air Ports 70% of total air
ing value of the waste (BTU/hr.) and the input (BTU/ (ignition chamber) requirement
hr.) of the auxiliary burners. Underfire Air Ports 10% of total air
(ignition chamber) requirement
The air supply should be directed downward by duct- Mixing Chamber Air Ports 20% of total air
work or hoods, and should be released at a maximum requirement
height of ? ft. 6 inches above the incinerator room Port Sizing:-
(iii)
floor. The velocity of air entering the room should not Nominal inlet velocity pressure 0.1 in. water gauge
exceed 250 feet per minute.
(iv) Air Inlet Port Oversize Factors:-
Weatherhoods may be required on natural ventilation Primary Air Inlet 1.2
systems to mini nize the effects of gusts and wind Underfire Air Inlet 1.5 for over 500 Ib/hr
chill. to 2.5 for 50 Ib/hr
For large installations, fans, ductwork and diffusers
Mixing Chamber Air Inlet 2.0 for over 500 Ib/hr
may prove to be a more convenient and economical to 5.0 for 50 lb/hr
method of supplying make-up air. Provision can also
be made for heating make-up air if necessary.
(d) Temperatures, Gas Velocities and Retention Time:
(i) Ignition Chamber Temperature:- 16000F plus or

5.5 DESIGN PARAMETERS -COMBUSTION minus 10%
(ii) Mixing Chamber Velocities:-
To meet the requirements of solid fuel combustion, it is ne- 55 ft/sec plus or
Flame Port @ 1600"F
cessary that the air and fuel are supplied in proper propor- minus 20% (45 ft/sec
tions. Because the mechanism is one of fuel bed surface com- - 65 ft/sec.)
bustion, sufficiently large volumes of overfire air must be Mixing Chamber 1600OF 35 ft/sec plus or
provided. The air and fuel, especially the combustible gases, minus 20%128 ft/sec
must be (nixed adequately. Temperatures must be sufficient - 42 ft/sec.)
Curtain Wall Port 1600OF 25 ft/see plus or
for ignition of both the solid fuel and the gaseous compon-
minus 20% (20 ft/sec
ents. Furnace volumes must be large enough to provide the - 30 ft/sec.)
necessary heat release for complete combustion and finally
(iii) Combustion Chamber:-
the furnace proportions trust be such that ignition temper-
Minimum Gas Retention Times
ature, suitable gas velocities and gas retention time are Rubbish (Type 1 waste) 0.3 second
maintained. Refuse (Type 2 waste) 0.5 second
Garbage (Type 3 waste) 0.5 second
The following sununari/es the combustion design parameters. Maximum Velocity at 1600OF 8.5 ft /sec.
10
(e) Draft Requirements: 5. After a charge has been made and the burning is estab-
lished, close the doors and adjust the overfire air ports.
(i) Theoretical Chimney Draft 0.35 ins, or more
water gauge
n. Regulate the draft so as to consume the waste at a
(ii) Available Draft at Charging Door 0.1 to 0.2 ins. slow uniform burning rate without smouldering.
water gauge
(iii) Velocity at Base of Stack Less than 36 ft/sec 7. Use auxiliary burners during the entire burning cycle
(12000F assumed unless they are regulated to automatically maintain the
for design purposes)
designed incinerator operating temperature. It is essen-
tial to maintain adequate heat input at the end of a
burning cycle. Timers should not be used to cut off
5.6 OPERATING REQUIREMENTS the fuel supply before combustion has been completed.
To ensure that an incinerator is operated to the standards for
which it was designed and to avoid air pollution, the follow- 8. Where-possible, burn waste without raking the fire.
ing rules should be observed. Careless stirring of the fire will cause heavy flyash
emissions.
I. Incinerator operators should have an understanding of
the principles of incinerator performance. 9. Allow the incinerator to cool down before dumping
Operators shall be in attendance for a sufficient time the grates. If this is not done, the draft which exists
during operation to guarantee good operating perform- will cause heavy flyash emissions.
ance.
3. Incinerators shall be operated only between the hours 10. Keep the ash pit and grates clean. The grate must be
of 7 a.m. and 5 p.m., or at such other times as may be kept free of obstructions to allow a free flow of air
permitted by regulations. through the waste. A few empty tin cans thrown onto
4. Incinerators are designed for a given rate of burning. the grates after cleaning will prevent the waste in sub-
Should the rate vary greatly from this design value, in- sequent charges from packing and will assure a porous
complete combustion will result and smoke and odours bed, with free access of air to the burning waste.
will be emitted; therefore.
(a) Do not use an incinerator until enough waste has 11. Clean out the miming and combustion chambers fre-
accumulated to permit operation at the designed rate quently. Provide means to wet down the deposits be-
of burning. fore removing them, or use vacuum cleaning equip-
(b) Operate auxiliary burners for at least 30 minutes ment for their removal.
I, warm up the refractory and establish adequate draft
,
pi n r to charging the incinerator. 12. Use an incinerator only on the duty for which it was
(, Charge at regular intervals in such a way as to main-
) designed and keep it in good repair. Few rules of good
tain the designed burning rate without overloading the operation will be effective if either of these factors is
ignition chamber. ignored.
TABLE 1
CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES AND RECOMMENDED

B.T.U. REQUIREMENTS FOR INCINERATORS
Approximate Moisture Incombustible Combustible Gross B.T.U. Minimum

Principal Composition Content Solids Solids Value/lb. of Refuse Burner Input
Type Description Components % by Weight % % o (es fired) B.T.U./hr/lb Waste
1 Rubbish Combustible Rubbish 100 25 10 65 6500 in Mixing

waste, paper, 1,000
cartons, rags, Chamber
floor sweepings
2 Refuse Rubbish and Rubbish 50 50 7 43 4300 1/3 in Ignition

garbage Chamber
4,000
Garbage 50 2/3 in Mixing
Chamber
3 Garbage Meat and Garbage 100 70 5 25 2500 1/2 in Ignition

vegetable (Rubbish up Chamber
wastes to 35 6,000
1/2 in Mixing
Chamber
11 NOTE: The above figures on moisture content, ash, and B.T.U. as fired have been determined by analysis of many samples They are
recommended for use in computing heat release, burning rate, velocity, and other details of incinerator designs. Any design
based on these calculations can accommodate minor variations
11
6. SELECTION AND SIZING GUIDE
(a) Incinerator Capacity: waste to be incinerated. These listed values should only
Incinerators should be sized by conducting a survey to
determine the amount of waste to be handled. The
minimum burning capacity can generally be estimated
be used when no other source of information is avail-
able. E
(c) Typical Densities of Refuse
by dividing the total pounds of waste per day by the Type I Waste 10 lbs./cu. ft.
burning hours/day, shown in the table below.
Type 2 Waste 20 lbs./cu. ft.
Application: Type 3 Waste 35 lbs./cu. ft.
Industrial (2 shifts) 7 hours per day Type 4 Waste 55 lbs./cu. ft.
Commercial 6 hours per day Garbage @ 601% moisture 35 lbs./cu. ft.
Hospitals 6 hours per day Garbage @70%moisture 40 lbs./cu, ft.
Institutions and Hotels 6 hours per day
Garbage @80%moisture 45 lbs./cu. ft.
Schools and Office Buildings 2 hours per day
Magazines & Packaged Paper 35 to 50 lbs./cu. ft.
Apartments I hour per day Loose Paper 5 to 7 tbs./cu. ft.
If a shorter burning period is required, a higher capa- Scrap Wood and Sawdust 12 to 15 lbs./cu. ft.
city incinerator should be installed. Sawdust 20 lbs./cu. ft.
Sawdust (impregnated) 30 Ibs,/cu. ft.
(b) Incinerator Sizing Guide:
Use following table as a general guide -
do not use for
(d) Volume of Some Common Waste Collectors
a specific application.
Garbage Can (18" x 24") 3.6 cu. ft.
Due caution must be used since the increasing use of
disposable products may make these values inaccurate. Garbage Can (16" x 22") 2.0 cu. ft.
The design of the incinerator should be based on a Barrel 4.0 cu. ft.
heat and materials balance according to the type of Oil Drum (50 gallon) 6.0 cu. ft.
Design Requirements Approximate Quantities

Classification Building Type For Waste Type of Waste Produced
Industrial Building, Process Plants 5,6 Survey must be made

Factories 1, 2,3 Survey must be made
Warehouses 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 2 Ibs.1100 sq.ft.!day
C ommercial buildings Office Building 1 1 lb/100 sq.ft./day

Department Stores 2,3 4 IN 100 sq.ft./dav
Shopping Centres 2,3 Survey must be made
(excluding food stores)
Supermarkets 3 9 Ib/100 sq.ft./dav
Restaurants 3 2 lb/meal/day
Drug Stores 2,3 5 lb/ 100 sq.ft./day
Banks 1 Survey must be made
Food Markets 3 4 16/25 sq.ft./day
Residential Apartments 2 5 Ib/bedroom/day
Schools Without Cafeteria 1 1016/room+li4 Ib/pupil; day

With Cafeteria 2 8lb/room+1i4 Ib/pupiliday
Universities 1, _', 3, 4 Survey must he made
Institutions Hospitals General Waste _', 3 8lbs/bed/day

I lospitals Pathological
Waste 4 5 Ibs/bed/day
Residences _ 3 Ibs/person dxn
Rest Homes 2 3 Ibs/person; day
Homes for Aged
General Waste 2, 3, 4 5 Ibs/person dap
Hotels Hotels - 1st Class 3 5 Ibs/room daN
- Medium Class 3 5 Ibs/room,das

Motels 1 _' Ibs/roon daN
Miscellaneous Dog Pounds 4 Survey must be made

Vet. Hospitals 4 Survey must he made
Crematoria 4 Survcv must he made
12
7 INCINERATORS FOR TYPE 4 WASTE - PATHOLOGICAL
7.1 PATHOLOGICAL WASTE -DEFINITION 7.2 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF PATHOLOGICAL

WASTE INCINERATORS
Pathological waste is defined to include all, or parts of, or- One of several possible design configurations of this type of
gans, bones, muscles, other tissues, organic wastes of human incinerator is illustrated.
or animal origin, disposable operating theatre garments and
swabs, maternity, sanitary and incontinent pads, disposable The example shown is similar to a retort-type multi-cham-
diapers, and other similar materials which might contain pa- ber incinerator but there are three important differences:
thogenic bacteria.
1. The use of a solid hearth instead of a grate;
Sources of Pathological Waste:
Hospitals, laboratories, abattoirs, animal compounds, and The provision for heating the hearth by passing the
similar sources. products of combustion from the mixing chamber
through a chamber beneath the hearth before they
Composition of pathological waste: exit to the combustion chamber, permitting both
For purposes of calculations, the following composition is transfer of heat to [he unexposed portions of the
to be assumed unless specific data is available: material lying on the hearth, and more rapid evapor-
85% Moisture ation of fluids that spill upon the hearth or seep
5% Incombustible Waste through it:
10%Conibustibles and
Gross heating value of material tas tired) = 1.000 BTU/lb. 3. The use of a side charging door.
SECOND AH'y
COMB USTWN MIXING CHAMBE R
CHAMBFH FLAME PORT
SIDE VIEW CLEANOUT

DOORS
FIGURE 5. CUTAWAY OF A PATHOLOGICAL WASTE INCINERATOR
13
7.3 DESIGN CRITERIA
1. General Considerations:
Many of the design parameters of types 1, _' and 3 TABLE 2 - Temperatures & Gas Velocities
waste incinerators also apply to this type of inciner-
ator. For this reason only criteria which differ from Required Gas Velocities
those given for types I, _' and 3 waste incinerat,.)rs arc
fisted in this section. Criteria not given here should be
'
made to conform with types I, and 3 incinerator
Item
Minimum
Temperature
Recommended
Values
Allowable
Deviation E
Flame Port 1500OF 20 f.p.s ±
20%
criteria.
Mixing
Chamber 1500OF 20 f.p.L ± 20',,
2. Chambers: Port at
The incinerator must have a minimum of three cham- bottom of
hers, passes, or zones. The hearth is to he a solid hot Mixing
±
hearth with an adequate grease lip (or trough about Chamber 1500OF 20 f.p.s. 20',
4" wide x 21V' deep) in the primary chamber. Open Chamber
grates, in general, are not suitable. below hearth 1800OF 10 f.p.s. 100
Port at bottom
In general practice the hearth is designed for a burring
of Combustion
rate of 10 Ibs.'hr.'sgAt. Chamber and burners must be Chamber 1800OF 20 f.p.s - 20 _
designed to give a 0.5 second retention time at I800oF, Combustion

downstream of the secondary burner flame, to inini- Chamber 1800OF 5 f.p.s ± 100%
inize smoke and odour and to destroy bacteria.
Stack 160010F 33 f.p.s. ± 20%
A minimum of y inches of super-duty firebrick or
equivalent refractory is reconlnlended. Insulation be-
tween the refractory and the casing should be suffi-
cient to provide low heat loss and all external casing
temperature in the range of 160OF to 2000F.
Ignition Chamber: Dimensions of the ignition charn-
her are to be determined as follows:
I i ) Hearth area I sq. ft/ 10 Ib/hr. 52
1 ii I Average arch height - from Graph of Fig. 6

( i ii ) Chamber volume based on I i ) and ( ii I and
using an approximate hearth length to width ratio of
to 1.
3. Burners:
Primary and secondary burners of the forced draft or
..power" type sliall be provided. Primary burners will
provide at least 5000 BTU/lb of charge and secondary 20
burners will provide at least 3000 BTU/lb. A minimum 0 50 100 ISO too Z50 3W
total heat input of 8000 BTU/lb of charge is necessary. CAPACITY 16/hr
The secondary burner flame should be positioned so

that all primary chamber gases pass through the flame,
while avoiding impingement on refractory surfaces.
FIG: 6 - Graph of Arch Height versus Capacity for
Pathological Waste incinerators.
4. Stack:
Calculations for stack design should be based upon a
gas temperature of I600oF. To maintain available draft, 7.4 CREMATORY INCINERATORS
stack design velocities should not exceed 40 ft./sec.,
although exit velocities may be increased (e.g. by con- Crematory incinerators are a special type of pathological in-
ing) to 50 - 60 ft./sec, as dictated by land usage. In cinerator requiring special mention.
this case it may be necessary to increase the stack The shape and size of the ignition chamber in crematory
height in order to maintain the necessary draft. units is dictated by the dimensions of the casket. The same
The stack height should be calculated so as to provide factors influencing the design of other pathological inciner-
(a) dispersion consistent with adjacent land usage, and ators should be used for all other parameters of the cremat-
(b) a minimum available draft of 0.25 in W.G. at the ory.
breeching. The latter is an absolute minimum draft Operating procedures which apply to other incinerators will
provision for all pathological waste incinerators, and
must re.ult in a draft of at least 0. I inch W.G. at the
burner air inlets.
not in general be applicable to crematory units due to the
fact that at some time during the total operation, a higher
rate of production of combustion products occurs.
r:
14
APPENDIX: A DEFINITIONS
Arch Height: Curtain Wall Port:
Ihe vertical distance froin the grate and drying:uea surface The opening for the passage of gases from the mixing cham-
to the inside or lower surface of the roof of the ignition ber to the combustion chamber.
dianlber at its highest point.
B aff le: Damper:
Any refractory construction intended to change the direc- A manually or automatically controlled device to regulate
tion of flow of the products of combustion. draft or the rate of flow of air or combustion gases.
Breeching: (a) Barometric:
A flue leading from the combustion device to its stack. A hinged or pivoted balanced blade placed so as to ad-
roit air to the breeching, flue connection or stack,
Breeching Screen: thereby automatically maintaining a constant draft in
A screen mounted in the breeching to prevent embers or the incinerator.
other ignited material from being expelled to the atmos-
(b) Guillotine:
phere,
An adjustable blade installed it the breeching arranged
British Thermal Unit (B.T.U.): to move vertically across the breeching, usually
The quantity of heat required uh raise the temperature of counterbalanced for easy operation.
one pound of water through 10 Fahrenheit. (c) Butterfly:
A plate or blade installed in a duct, breeching, flue
Bridge Wall: connection or stack, which rotates on its axis.
The partition wall between (lie ignition chamber and the (d) Sliding:
mixing chamber over which pass the gases and solids re- An adjustable blade installed in a duct, breeching, flue
leased from the fuel bed, connection or stack, arranged to move horizontally
Burners: across the duct, breeching flue connection or stack.
(a) Ignition Burner:
A gas or oil fired device installed in the ignition cham- Draft:
ber to dry arid ignite the material charged to the incil- The pressure difference existing between the incinerator or
erator. any component part and the atmosphere, which causes a
(h) Mixing Burner: continuous flow of air and products of combustion through
1 gas or oil tired device installed in the mixing chamber the gas passage of the incinerator to the atmosphere.
to promote turbulence, and complete the combustion (a) Forced Draft:
(,f smoke, combustible solids, gases or vapours, and to The pressure difference created by the action of a fan,
maintain a minimum temperature of about 16000F. blower, or injector, which supplies the primary com-
( Ix0OOO F in Pathologic Incinerators). bustion air at above atmospheric pressure,
Capacity: (b) Induced Draft:
i-he rate of waste incineration, usually expressed in pounds The pressure difference created by the action of a fan
per hour, with the type of waste being stipulated, or ejector, which is located between the incinerator
and the stack, or at the stack exit.
Charging Door:
(c) Natural Draft:
The door, either hinged or sliding, on the front or side of an
The pressure difference created by stack or chiuney
incinerator through which material is charged to the ignition
due to its height and the temperature difference be-
chamber.
tween the flue gases and the atmosphere.
Checker Work:
Multiple openings, through any wall, used to promote turbu-
lent mixing or to direct the flow of gases or to prevent the Dust Separation Equipment:
emission of large buoyant pieces of paper, etc. A device that separates solid material from the gaseous med-
ium in which it is carried,
Combustion Air:
Flameport:
(a) Underfire Air Air that passes through the fuel bed. An aperture in the bridge wall.
(b) -
Overfire Air Air admitted into the ignition chamber
Fly Ash:
above the fuel bed.
All solids, including ash, charred paper, cinders, dust, soot
(c) Secondary Air - Air admitted in the mixing chamber. or any partially incinerated matter, carried in the products
(d) Tertiary Air Air admitted at Borne point in the gas of combustion,
stream following the secondary airports.
Fly Ash Collector:
Combustion Chamber: A device designed to remove flyash from (lie products of
The final chamber in the multiple chamber incinerator in combustion.
which combustion of the gases and solids from the mixing Garbage:
n chamber is completed.
Curtain Wall:
The partition wall between the mixing chamber and the com-
Refer to "Classification". (Page 3)
Gas Washer or Scrubber:
Auxiliary equipment designed to remove pollutants in a wet
bustion chamber. form front the products of combustion.
15
Grate: Mixing Chamber.
A horizontal or inclined, stationary or moveable support for A chamber following the ignition chamber in which the
the fuel having suitable openings to permit underfire air to gases and solids leaving the fuel bed are given turbulence.
enter and pass through the burning fuel.
Multi Chamber Incinerator:
Heating Value: An apparatus used to dispose of combustible wastes by burn-
The heat released by combustion of a unit quantity of waste ing, consisting of three or more refractory lined combustion
or fuel, measured in British Thermal Units (B.T.U.). chambers in a series.
Heat Release Rate:

Patho"ical Waste:
The amount of heat liberated during the process of complete Refer to "Classification". (Page 3)
combustion and expressed in B.T.U. per hour per cubic foot Refuse:
of the incinerator volume in which such combustion takes Refer to "Classification". (Page 3)
place. Rubbish:
Incinerator: Refer to "Classification". (Page 3)
Equipment used for the burning of waste. Spark Arrestor;
Industrial Waste: A screen device to prevent sparks, embers or other ignited
Refer to "Classification". (Page 3) material from being expelled into the atmosphere.
11
16
APPENDIX: B : DESIGN ASSESSMENT
A QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE FOR ASSESSING INCINERATOR DESIGNS

OF CONVENTIONAL THREE PASS TYPE INCINERATORS
E (Types 1, 2 and 3 wastes)
INCINERATOR DESIGN
ASSESSMENT
TYPE WASTE
MEET AMB
NO. ITEM AND CALCULATIONS NO. SUPPLIED CRITERIA COMMENT
1 RATED CAPACITY, Ibs waste/hr 1
Ib/hr Iblhr
2 IGNITION CHAMBER LENGTH, ft. in. 2
3 IGNITION CHAMBER WIDTH, It. In. 3
4 RATIO IGN. CHAM. LENGTH TO WIDTH
2
= = 4
5 (IRATE AREA, (a) REQUIRED, 1 0, + 5%)
0
1
TYPE 1 WASTE G.A. _ _ _

13 LOG 1 13 x
TYPE 2 WASTE GA. _ -- _ =

10 LOG
O 10 x
TYPE 3 WASTE GA. _ = _

8 LOG 1 8x
GRATE AREA, (b) SUPPLIED
O O x
144 144 ft2 ft2
0.3636+ lOv
6 ARCH HEIGHT = 1 333 (G.A.) - ,,,
LOG (A. H.) = 0.125 +0.3636 LOG ( 55 )
= 0.125 + 0.3636 LOG i I
= 0.125 + 0.3636 x
= 0.125+
r A, H.
A.H. RANGE = ft ft to
OR = 6
NOTE Circled numbers refer to items as shown in left hand column,

17
MEET AMB
7 MAX. DIST. TOP OF CHARGING DOOR TO GRATE
= 0.75 (ARCH HEIGHT) =0.75 x

O
= 0.75 x = ft
= 7
8 IGNITION CHAMBER AUXILIARY BURNER
CAPACITY F x (LB. WASTE/HR) x BTU/hr

Ib waste/hr
= F x
O x 01
= x x
= BTU/hr 8 BTU/hr BTU/hr
WHERE.
F QI
TYPE 1 WASTE 0 0
TYPE 2 WASTE 0.333 4,000
TYPE 3 WASTE 0.500 6,000
9 MIXING CHAMBER AUXILIARY BURNER
CAPACITY ? (1-F) x
O x QM
= x x
= BTU/hr 9 BTU/hr BTUihr
WHERE
(1-F) QM
TYPE 1 WASTE 1.000 1,000

TYPE 2 WASTE 0.667 4,000
TYPE 3 WASTE 0.500 6,000
10 TOTAL AVAILABLE AUXILIARY BURNER HEAT
QAB = 0,92 x (
0+0)
= 0.92 x I + 1
10
= BTU/hr BTU/hr
11 NET AVAILABLE HEAT FROM WASTE
=
O x _N! = x
= BTU/hr 11 BTU/hr
WHERE:
TYPE 1 WASTE, OW = 5865
NOTE: Circled numbers refer to items as shown in left hand column.
18
MEET AMS
12 TOTAL HEAT INTO INCINERATOR, OT
E - 10 + 11 - BTU/hr 12 BTU/hr
13 HEAT AVAILABLE FOR HEATING GASES,

ASSUMING ADEQUATE INSULATION IS PROVIDED
IN THE ABSENCE OF MORE ACCURATE DATA,

ASSUME 5%OF TOTAL HEAT INPUT IS LOST
TO WALLS
HEAT AVAILABLE = 0.95 x 12
= 0.95 x = BTU/hr 13 BTU/hr
14 F LOWRATE OF GASES THROUGH COMBUSTION
CHAMBER TO MAINTAIN TEMPERATURE OF

1600OF
- 13 x 0.63 x 10 6
= x 063 x 10 6
= Ib, gases 14 Ib/sec
sec.
15 RATE OF VOLATILIZATION OF WASTE
TYPE 1 WASTE 0.90 = FRACTION VOLATILIZED

TYPE 2 WASTE 0.93 =
TYPE 3 WASTE 0.95 =
FLOWRATE = F.V. x 1
3600
x Ib 15 Ib/sec
3600 sec.
16 AUXILIARY FUEL - NO. 201L -19,600 BTU/lb

16 BTU/Ib
NAT. GAS -22,000 BTU/Ib
17 AIR FOR AUXILIARY FUEL - USE.
14.0 Ibs air/lb No. 2 oil

Ib, air
17.0 lbs. air/Ib Nat. gas 17
lb, fuel
18 FLOWRATE OF IGNITION CRAM. AUX. FUEL
O 3600-
=
lb
sec
18 lb/sec
3600 x 16
19 FLOWRATE OF MIXING CRAM. AUX. FUEL
3600
O x 16 3600 x
_ lb
sec
19 Ib/sec
NOTE Circled numbers refer to items as shown in left hand column.
19
MEET AMB
20 FLOWRATE OF AIR FOR IGN. CHAM. AUX. FUEL

IASSUME 20"b EXCESS AIR, I.E. FACTOR OF 1.2)
= 1.2 x
0-8
= 1.2 x x = Ib 20 Ib/sec
sec
21 F LOWRATE OF AIR FOR MIX. CHAM. AUX. FUEL

IASSUME 20°o EXCESS AIR, I.E. FACTOR OF 1.2)
= 1.2 x 1 7 x 19
= 1 2 x x = Ib 21 lb/sec
sec
22 FLO%A4RATE OF AIR FOH WASTE COMBUSTION
- 14 I 15 + 18 +
G' 20
(3)
+
_ + + + 1
Ib 22 Ib/sec
sec
23 FLOWRATE OF GASES THROUGH FLAME PORT
= (0.8 x 22 I + 15 + 18 + 20
_ (0.8 x I+ + +
_ + = Ib 23 Ib/sec
sec
24 FLAME PORT AREA W = 55 fps + 209"0)
(a) REQUIRED AT 16000E
52.1 x 23
- 0.972 x
55
= It 2 (± 20%)
>1
I12
(10 SUPPL IF0 = x = It2 It`
144
25 TOTAL GROSS HEAT INPUT
C'TG - Q + (D + 1
0 x QwG)
_ + I x 1
= BTU/hr 25 BTU/hr
TYPE OF WASTE. 1 2 3 r:
6500 4300 2500
C`WG
20
MEET AMB
t
26 MIXING CHAMBER AREA IV = 35 tps 20%
(a) REQUIRED AT 1600OF
- 52.1 x (4
- 1.488 x
35
= It2 (± 20%)
1b) SUPPLIED
= x = It2 26
2
144 1t2 It
±
27 CURTAIN WALL PORT AREA IV =25 fps 20%)
(al REOUIRFO AT 1600OF
_ 52.1 x14
7.08 x
25
= It2 1± 20`KI
Ib) SUPPLIED
= x ft2 27
144 It2 It2
28 INCINERATOR INTERNAL VOLUME

INOT INCLUDING ASH PIT)
la) REOUIHFU
= 25 -
25.000 25.000
_ It3
(hl SUPPLIED
IGNITION
VI = x x
CHAMBER
1728
= It3
MIXING
VM= x x
CHAMBER
1728
COM It3
BUSTION
CHAMBER VC x x
1728
= ft3
TOTAL VOLUME = V I + VM + VC
n = It3
28
ft3 ft3
NOTE Circled numbers refer to items as shown in left hand column.
21
MEET AMB
29 DOWNPASS LENGTH (TOP IGN. CRAM. ARCH

TO TOP CURTAIN WALL PORT)
t
' 0.8 6 = 0.8 x = It 29 It It
30 STACK OR BREECH DIAM.IV 1--' 36 fps at 1200oF)
41.9 x 14
AREA REG. = = 1.161 x 14
36
= 1.161 x
= ft2
DIAM., IN., L, 13.54 AREA, ft2 = 13.54 x 30
_ in. in. dram in.diam
31 COMBUSTION CHAMBER SHORTEST LENGTH
(DEFINED AS SHORTEST DISTANCE BETWEEN

EDGE OF CURTAIN WALL PORT AND EDGE OF
STACK OR BREECH)
31 ft
C
22
MEET AMB
32 COMBUSTION CHAMBER CROSS SECTIONAL

AREA (DEFINED AS BEING MOST NEARLY
PERPENDICULAR TO
(3)
= x - ft2 32
144 ft2
33 COMBUSTION CHAMBER VELOCITY

(V -5 8.5 fps) AT 1600OF
52.1 x 14 -
V = - 52.1 x
= fps 33 3.5
32
fps fps
34 COMBUSTION CHAMBER RETENTION TIME
31
i
t = _ = sets 34 sec sec

33
35 STACK OR BREECH LOCATION
O.K.or X - MOVE FURTHER AWAY FROM

WALL PORT 35
36 OVERFIRE AIR PORT AREA

la) REQUIRED
= 0.632 x 1.2 x 0.7 x 22
= 0.531 x
C = ft
2
(I)) SUPPLIED
_- -- 144
in
2
= ft
2
36
ft2 ft2
37 UNDERFIRE AIR PORT AREA
(a) REQUIRED
- 0.632 x 0.1 x
0.0 =
= 0.0632 x x It2
(b) SUPPLIED
in 2
= ft2 37
144 It2 ft2
38 MIXING CHAMBER AIR PORT AREA

(a) REQUIRED
0.632 x 0.2 x 40 x 22
= 0,1264x x
= ft2
C (h) SUPPLIED
=
in 2
= ft2 38
144 It 2 It2
23
MEET AMB
39 OVERSIZE FACTORS
40 lO 39 40
501b/hr 2.50 5.00 39
100 2.39 4.67
150 2.28 4.33 40
200 2.17 4.00
300 1.95 3.33
400 1.72 2.67
500 1.50 2.00
600 1.50 2.00
1000 1.50 2.00
41 IGNITION CHAMBER TEST OPENING 41
42 MIXING CHAMBER TEST OPENING 42
43 COMBUSTION CHAMBER TEST OPENING 43
44 NAME PLATE X - NOT SHOWN

V/ = SHOWN 44
24
SOURCE OF CONSTANTS USED IN INCINERATOR
DESIGN CHECK . AIR MANAGEMENT BRANCH
4.
5.
Area = - --
III
Vel.
x
RT
P
_
in
Vel.
x
53.5 x 2060
14.7 x 144
C 6 .
DESIGN PARAMETERS INCINERATOR CRII+RIA

5' - I x
Vet.
m
here in = (Ibs/sec) gases

Vel. = allowable velocity
9)
11. 28. 1otal volume of the incinerator chambers should be

based on a total heat release value of waste + fuel of
14. 11 for combustion products +excess air 15,000 BTU' tt3 hr.
21). Design Parameter

IWWIF B1 U
= 12 , 000
70OF Ib mole
N.B. The constant derived below has been adjusted to 30. Same as 24, 26, 27 except based on absolute temper-
suit a detailed anal} sis of gases front typical waste ature of 16600R.
compositions. 1660
constant = 5'. I x = 41.9
Ills gases = Ib mole '7 Ib I hour '060
sec
=Q x
Q x
12,000 B1
0.63 x
U'
10.6
x
lb mole
x
3000.ec
Diameter = z
4:\
where U and A are in inches and
in,:bes-
Where Q = BTU 'Ilr (teat available to maintain temper- 4:\Ix144 Al=ft=

ature of 16000F n
13.54 ll:\
15. Design Parameters
16. Higher heating values of No. '_ oil and natural gas.
33. Same as 24, 36, 27.
17. These values were calculated from the composition o1'

36. Velocity = 4005 V.P. V.P. = inches water
oil and gas, 11-4 11,0, C ---> CO,.
= 4005 0.1 density of air
Use 20% excess air for auxiliary fuel a 1.2 = 1-'66 FPM 0.075 1b/ft3
or 2 I. l fps \
-
= Q
V
Material balance:
Ib air ft3 sec
Air for waste combustion = total gases (waste gases \rea = x x
sec 0.075 Inn air L I ft
+ ign. chain. aux. fuel
lb air
+ Mix. sham. aux. fuel 0.632 x
sec
+ air for ign, chain, aux. fuel
\rea to be used = above area x oversize factor
+ air for nix, chain. aux. fuel) For overfire air port, oversize factor = I._'
700 of air Haste conies through overfire air port.
13, 80%of air required for waste enters via ign. chamber
RT ft' 37. Same as 36 except 10% of air comes through underfire

Vol. = nn
P sec air port, and oversize factor depends on capacity of
incinerator - i. e. 3`)
Area - Volume rate of Flow 3H. Smile as 36, except 20% of air comes in via mix. cham-
ft, ber air port. Oversize factor 40
Velocity
25
APPENDIX C : SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
The following examples are intended to indicate how these 4. Charging Door Height
criteria have been used in the preliminary stages of produc- 0.75 (arch height) 25 inches 2 feet 1 inch
ing incinerator designs for the combustion of Types 1. 2, 3
and -1 Wastes.
5.
6.
No ignition chamber burner required.
Mixing chamber burner 150,000 BTU/hr C
Total Available Auxiliary Burner Heat
INCINERATOR DESIGN EXAMPLE - NO. 1
7.
QA 13 0.92 X (0 + I X0.000)
OBJECT: = 138,000 BTU/hr

To design an Incinerator for an office building with 30,000
sq. ft. floor area.
8.
= 0
Total Heat Into Incinerator
+ heat available from waste.
138,(x)) + X230,000
This will be type I waste.
= 1,018,000 BTU/hr
There will be approximately I lb/ 100 sq.ft./day.
9. Heat Available for Heating Gases,
i. e. 300 Ib/day.
Assuming Adequate Insulation is Provided
Allow '_ hours burning time. In the absence of more accurate Data, assume 5%of
Therefore, design for 150 Ib/hr. total heat input is lost to walls.
Heat Available 0.95 x 1,018,000
Use retort type design. = 965,000 BTU/hr
1. Grate Area: 10. Flowrate of Gases through Combustion Chamber to

capacity 150 Maintain Temperature of 1600OF:
GA =
13 log (capacity) 13 log 150 = 9 x 0.63 x 10-6
150 = 965,000 x 0.63 x 10-6

5 . 33 sq . ft . (-0 , + 5%)
13 x 2.1761 = 610,000 x 10-6
= 0.61 Ibs of gases/sec

2. Length/Width Ratio 2:1
Let width = a 11. Rate of Volatization of Waste:
Then a x 2a = 5.33 F.V. x Capacity
Flow rate
a= 5.3=1.63 3600
Capacity = 150lb/hr
= 19.5 in,
Fraction Volatized for type I waste = 0.90
Say 20 inches 0.90 x 150
Length = 40 inches width = 20 inches = 0.0375lbs/sec
Area = 800 sq. in. = 5.55 sq.ft. satisfactory 3000
. Arch Height: 12. Auxiliary Fuel:

Natural Gas = 22,000 BTU/lb
= 1.33 (5.55) 0.3636
Log (AH) = 0.125 0.3636 log 5.55
+ 13. Air for Auxiliary Fuel:
= 0.125 + (0.3636 x 0.7443) = 0.396 17.0 Ibs of Air/lb of Nat. Gas
All = 2.5 feet 14. Flowrate of Ignition Chamber Auxiliary Fuel:
Allow for arch say: 2 feet 10 inches No ignition chamber burners, .'. No Auxiliary Fuel
15. Flowrate of Mixing Chamber Auxiliary Fuel:

50,000
3600 X 1 _' 22,000 x 3600
16. Fbwrate of Air for Ignition Chamber Auxiliary Fuel:

2'-l0,
No Ignition Chamber Burners
17. Fbwrate of Air for Mixing Chamber Auxiliary Fuel:

(Assume 20% excess air i.e. factor of 1.2)
1.2x 13 x 15 = 1.2x 17x0.00189
= 0.0386lbs/sec.
I]
COMBUSTION CHAMBER
26
18. Flowrate of Air for Waste Combustion: 22. Mixing Chamber Area:
=
=
10
0.61
0+0
(0.0375+0.00189+0.0326)
+ IS + Required at
52.1 x 10
1 600°1'
= 0.61 0.078 35
E = 0 . 532 Ibs/sec.
=
=
1.488 x 0.61
0.885 sq. feet
Say 20" x 7"
= 140 sq. in.
= 0.97 sq.ft.
(0.885 + 10%)
23. Curtain Wall Port Area: (V = 25 fps ± 20%)

a) Required = 1600OF
2.1
_ + 0.61
25
2.08 + 0.61
1.26 sq.ft.
Say 20 x 9" = 180 sq. in. = 1.25 sq.ft.
24. Downpass length:

Not less than 0.8 x Arch height
i.e. Not less than 0.8 x 2.44 feet = 1.95 feet = I' 1 1"
Available 2' 10" (7" + 9") _ 1'6" -
Ash Pit must be at least 5" deep.
Say 1' 3" with downpass length of
(,, 10"
+
1' 3")
- (7
91,
Therefore, combustion chamber dunensions are:

4' 1" x 1' 8" x (3' 4" 7" - 4") -
(4" to allow for brick thickness)
= 4.08' x 1.67' x 2.42
19. Flowrate of Gases Through Flame Port
= 10.5 ft.3
= (0.8 x 18 + I 1 +- 14 + IS
= (0.8 x 0.532) + 0.0375 + 0.00189
= 0.4659lbs/sec
25. Incinerator Volume:
I,- 125,000
20. Flame Port Area (V = 55 fps ± 20%) at 1600OF Requires - = 45 cu.ft.
Required 25,000
=
52.1 x(-,,-))
55
v =
=
0.694 x 0.4t, 59
0.3_'6 sq. ft.
Actual Volume = 16.5 + 4.1 + 20
Say 7" square = 49 square inches = 0.33 sq. ft. (combustion) (mixing) (ignition)
= 41.5 cu.ft.
21. Total Gross Heat Input (QTG) Require
QTG
=(D + t, + ((D x QWG)
4 cu. ft. extra (approx.)
QWG for type 2 waste = 0,500

Add
4
-
1.8 x 4.08
ft. to ash pit depth
= 0 + 150,000+ (6,500x 150)
E =
=
150,000 + 975,000
1,1 25,000 BTU/hr
Say 7"
Overall depth therefore increased from 4' 1" to 4' 8"
27
26. Stack or Breech Diameter (V = 36 fps at 1200')F) 28. Combustion Chamber cross sectional area:
Area Required 'Al x 1.67 sq. feet
41.9 x 10 4.U; sq. ft.
36
= 1.161 x 0.61 29. Combustion Chamber Velocity:
= 0.79 Sq.
_'.l
52.1
= 0.79 sq. ft. Velocity x 0.61
4.03
Diam = 13.54 (Area ft, )0.5
= 13.54 x 0.,1)9 = 12.1 in. = 7.11 ft/sec (satisfactory)
SITI'A I ED ON TOP OF CHAM1iFR

30. Retention Time in Combustion Chamber:
7.9
2 sec. (adequate)
4.02 -
31. Overf ire Air Port Area:
a) Required
= 0.632x 1.2x0.7x 18
3'//" 4-
= 0.632 x 1.2 x 0.7 x 0.532
12'
= 0.284 sq.f.t
i 32. Underf ire Air Port Area:
11 a) Required
i =
=
=
0.632x0.1x228x
0.632x0.1x2.28x0.532
0.070 sq. ft.
18
33. Mixing Chamber Air Port Area:
-- /18" 3%
a) Required
= 0.632
= 0.292 sq.ft.
x0.2x4.33x0.532
Drafting office to complete drawings using these three

1-1
chamber internal dimensions.
27. Combustion Chamber shortest path: NOTE: Combustion chamber is oversized and distance
(3.902 ]0.5
_ [ (1.16)2 + between curtain wall and the opposite wall can be re-
16.3)0.5 duced as necessary to accomodate thickness of curtain
(
wall.
4 ft. approxvnately
28
APPENDIX C 2

OBJECT:
Design an incinerator for a 100 bedroom apartment building. 3. Arch Height: (Item No. 6)
From Page 9, arch height may be calculated as follows:
PROCEDURE:
HA = -
4
3
4
(Grate Area)
1 1 +
10%
Ilse the "Incinerator Design Criteria" and the "Incinerator

IiA 1.333 (G.A.) 0.3636 + 10%
Design Check" as aids. The steps taken to arrive at an accept-
able design are given below. Page numbers refer to the "In-
log (I IA) = 0.125 + 0.3636 log (G.A.)
cinerator Design Criteria" and Item No's. refer to items in
the "Incinerator Design Check". = 0.125 + 0.3036x 1.273
= 0.588
HA = 3.87 ft ± 10%
1. Capacity & Type: I IA range = 3.48 4.25 ft
From Page 12, incinerators for apartment buildings Make arch height equal to 4' 0"
should be designed for 5 lbs/bedroom/day of Type 2
waste. Total waste to be burned per day = 100 x 5 = 4. Top of Charging Door: (Item No. 7)
500 Ibs of Type 2 waste. From Page 9, the maxhuum height of the top of the door
is to be three quarters of the arch height above the grate.
From Page 12, the incinerator should be operated for
1 hour per day. This means the incuterator should have Make top of door 0.75 x 4.0, or 3' -- 0" above the grate.
a capacity of 500 Ibs per hour of Type 2 waste. 5. Ignition Chamber Auxiliary Burner: (Item No. 8)
Use a "retort" type incinerator for this application, as From Page (Table 1), Type waste requires an Ig-
1 1
it should result ut a higher thermal efficiency (Page 6) nition Chamber burner of 4,000 x 1/3 or 1333 13TU/hr
than the "in-line" type. per lb waste/hour.
Required capacity = 1333 x 500 = 667,000 1f1 U/hr
2. Ignition Chamber: (Item No. 5 (a))
As the apartment building will he heated by natural gas,
From Page 6, the grate area should be equal to
use natural gas for the burner.
6. Mixing Chamber Auxiliary Burner: (Item No. 9)
pll ,
ft- for Type 2 waste where pH is the From Page 11, (Table 1), Type '_ waste requires a
10 log pH capacity in pounds per hour. Mixing Chamber Burner of 4000 x 213, or 3,667
500 =
BTU/hr per Ib waste/hour. Use a natural gas fuel
Grate area = 18.50 ft 2
0 x2 .70 Required capacity = 2,667 x 500 = 1,333,000
Allowable deviation is (-0, + 5%) BTU/hr
.'. Actual grate area must be within the range 7. Total Available Auxiliary Burner Heat: (Item No. 10)
18.50 - 19.45 ft2 Convert higher heating value to lower heating value.
Qr1 B - 0.92 (667,000 1,333,000)

+
From Page 1), the length to width ratio for a 500 lb/hr 1,840,000 BTU/hr.
retort incinerator should be 2:1 8. Net Heat Available from Waste: (Item No. 11)
From Page 1, Type _' waste has a gross heat value of
1
4300 BTU/lb. This corresponds to a lower or net heat-

Let X grate width ing value of 3418 BT LJ/1b.
2X = grate length Available heat = 500 x 3418 = 1,710,000 BTU/hr.
2X-' = 1 g.50
X2 = 9?5
9. Total Available Heat Into Incinerator: (Item No. 12)
X = 3.04 ft
QT = 1,840,000 + 1,710,000 = 3.5 50,000 1111 hr
2X = 0,08 ft
10. Heat Available to Heat Gases: (Item No. 13)
ASSUme 530 of available heat is lost to walls.
Make actual grate dimensions 3' 0" x 6' 3", which Ileat available = 0.QS x 3,550,000 BTU hr,
result in a grate area of 18.75 ft' 3,370.000 13111,1 11
29
11. Flowrate of Gases Through Combustion Chamber to 20. Flame Port Area: (Item No. 24)
Maintain a Temperature of 1600OF: (Item No. 14) From Page 10, the flame port gas velocity must be
The gad tlowrate may be found by multiplying the 55 ft/sce + at 16000F.
available heat value calculated above, by 0.63 x 10-('. 5 2.1 x 1.460 , +
This constant is derived at the back of the "Check" Area Required= - -
55
= 1.39 ft` - 20%
booklet. ft,
Flowrate = 3.370 x 106 x 0.63 x 10-6

Area Limits = 1.1 1 - 1.67 `
= 12 Ibs gases/sec
Make flame port dimensions 8" x
,
an area of 1.33 fr.
12. Rate of Volatilization of Waste: (Item No. 15)
21. Mixing Chamber Area: (Item No. 26)
This quantity is equal to the burning rate minus ash
production rate. From Page 10, the mixing chamber gas velocity must
500 x 0.93 be 35 ft/sec
± 20% at 1600oF.
Flowrate = = 0.1290 lbs gases/sec
3600 52.1 x 2.12 , +
13. Auxiliary Fuel: (Items 16 & 17)

Area required = = 3.15 ft` - 20%
35
Natural gas has a heat value of 22,000 BTU/lb and Try mixing chamber dimensions of 9" x 4' 0". In order
requires 17.0 lbs air (theoretical) per III of gas for to have a reasonable sized ash pit, make total internal
combustion. height of this chamber and the combustion chamber
6' 6". (Revise dimensions if found necessary in sub-
14. Flowrate of Ignition Chamber Auxiliary Fuel: sequent design calculations)
(Item No. 18)
22. Curtain Wall Port Area: (Item No. 27)
667,000
Flowrate = - 0.00842 Ibs/sec From Page 10, gas velocity through this port must be
±
3600 x 2,000 25 ft/sec 20% at 16000F.
15. lowrate of Mixing Chamber Auxiliary Fuel: 5_'.1 x 2.1_ ,

F
(Item No. 19)
Area required = 5 = 4.41 ft- - -10%
1,333,000 Make curtain wall port 2' 0" x _'' 0".

Flowrate = - 0.01683 Ibs/sec
23. Total Gross Heat Input: (Item No. 24)
3600 x 22,000
Q1G = auxiliary burners' heat + gross heat from
16. Flowrate of Air for Ignition Chamber Auxiliary Fuel:
waste
(Item No. 20)
Assume 20% excess air is used. 2.00 x 106 + 500 x 4300
= 4.15 x 106 + 106
Flowrate = 1.2 x 17.0 x 0.00842 = 0.1718 Ibs/sec
4.15 x 106 BTU/lu
17. Flowrate of Air for Mixing Chamber Auxiliary Fuel:
(Item No. 21) 24. Required Incinerator Internal Heat Release Volume:
Assume 20% excess air is used. (Item No. 28)
Volume required is to be based on a heat release rate
Flowrate = 1.2 x 17.0 x 0.01683 = 0.344 lb/sec
of 25,000 BTU/hr/ft3 Page 10.
18. Flowrate of Air for Waste Combustion: (Item No. 22)
4.15 x 106 BTU/hr
This value is computed from a mass balance and will Volume required
result in the attainment of a theoretical temperature 25.000 BTU/hr/ft3
of 1600OF in the incinerator. 166ft3
Flowrate of air = total gas flowrate 25. Downpass Length: (Item No. 29)
- (waste gases + ignition chamber Downpass length, defined as the vertical distance from
air and fuel + mixing cham- the top of the ignition chamber arch to the top of the
ber air and fuel) curtain wall port, must be greater than or equal to
= 2.12(0.129+0.008+0.172+ 0.8 x Arch Height, which in this incinerator works out
0.017 + 0.344) to be 0.8 x 4.0, or 3' 2"
Actual downpass length = 4' 6"
= 1.450 lb. air/sec
26. Stack or Breech Diameter: (Item No. 30)
From Page 11, stack or breech area should be such that
19. Flowrate of Gases Through Flame Port: (Item No. 23)
gas velocity will be less than 36 ft/sec at 12000F.
From Page 10, 80% of total required air enters the
incinerator prior to the flame port. 41.9 x 2.12 ,
Flowrate of gases = (0.8 x 1.450) + 0.129 + 0.008 Area Require d = 2 .46 ft `
36
+ 0.172
1.160 + 0.309 = 1.469 lb
gases/sec
Minimum breech diameter= 13.54
Make breech diameter = 22"
46 = 21.2 in.
30
27. Combustion Chamber Shortest Length: (Item No. 29) 31. Internal Heat Release Volume Available:(Item No. 28)
The method of computing the shortest length is given VIIR - Ignition Chamber Volume
on Page 9. Assume dimensions on sketch and see if + Mixing Chamber Volume
they result in acceptable velocity, retention time, and +Combustion Chamber Volume
total volume of chambers. V =(4x6.'_5x3)+(4 x6.5 x0.75)+(5x4x6.5)
C I I R
75.0+19.5+130
= 225 ft3
Heat Release Volume is acceptable.
132
NOTE: As step Nos. 29, 30 & 31 are acceptable, it is
L= 38' + + 542 =V4519 unnecessary to revise assumed combustion chamber
= 67.3" = 5.60 ft dimensions.
32. Overf ire Air Port Area: (Item No. 36)
From Page 10, oversize factor = 1.2 and this port
supplies 70% of total required air.
Area = 0.632 x 1.2 x 0.7 x 1.450
= 0.77 ft2
Make air port adjustable to 0.77 ft`
33. Underf ire Air Port Area: (Item No. 37)
From Page 10, oversize factor should be 1.5, and this
air port supplies 10% of total air requirement.
28. Combustion Chamber Cross Sectional Area: Area required = 0.632 x 0.1 x 1.5 x 1.45
(Item No. 32) = 0.137 ft2
From the definition of cross-sectional area given on Hake airport adjustable to 0.137 ft2
Page 9, compute the appropriate area. 34. Mixing Chamber Air Port Area: (Item No. 38)
Area= 5 x 4 = 20 ft` From Page 10, this air port supplies 20% of the total
air requirement, and the appropriate air port oversize
29. Combustion Chamber Velocity: (Item No. 31) factor is 2.00.
I rom Page 10, the maximum allowable velocity in Area required = 0.632 x 0.2 x 2.00 x 1.450
the combustion chamber is 8.5 ft/sec. = 0.366 ft`
Actual Velocity
52.1 x 2.1'_ Make air port adjustable to 0.366 ft`2
= = 5.52 ft/sec
20 35. Miscellaneous:
Velocity is acceptable. Install clean-out doors in the ash pit, mixing chamber,
and combustion chamber, and a charging door in the
30. Combustion Chamber Retention Time: (Item No. 34) end of the ignition chamber which is perpendicular to
its longest side. These doors can act in a secondary cap-
Retention time, from Page 10, should be 0.50 Seconds acity, as inspection ports in the ignition chamber -
for Type 2 Waste. Page 5.
length 5.60
Actual retention time = _ = 1.0 sec. Attach name plate to incinerator, giving complete in-
velocity 5.52 formation on the unit page 4.
Retention time is acceptable. 36. Sketch of Proposed Incinerator
approx. 4"
Wdl/S
INCINERATOR FOR 500 LB/HR TYPE 2 WASTE

Notes 1. Only major features are shown
2. Top and front are removed
3. Not to scale.
31
APPENDIX C3
OBJECT 6. Top of Charging Door: (Item No. 7)

Design an incinerator for a 5,000 ft` supermarket. Make top of charging door 3' 0" above grate.
PROCEDURE: 7. Ignition Chamber Auxiliary Burner: (Item No. 8)

The new "Incinerator Design Criteria" and the "Incinerator Make ignition chamber burner capacity equal to
Design Check" were used as design aids. The following steps
1.'0 x 106 BTUrhr.
were taken to arrive at an acceptable design. Item numbers
refer to items in the "Incinerator Design Check" and page 8. Mixing Chamber Auxiliary Burner: (Item No. 9)
numbers refer to the "Incinerator Design Criteria", Make capacity equal to 1.' x 106 BTU hr.
9. Auxiliary Fuel: (Item No. 16)

1. Capacity:
Use natural gas fuel as it is available on site of super-
Front Page 12, incinerators designed for supermarkets
market.
should be based on N lbs Type 3 waste per 100 ft'
per day. 10. Flame Port Area: (Item No. 24)
5000 Make flame port 12" high x 1_ wide,
Ib.waste day = x t) = 450 Ib/day
100 11. Mixing Chamber Area: (Item No. 26)
From page 12. the incinerator operating time could he Make mixing chamber 42" long .x ')" wide.
up to 6 hoursAay. However, due to the fact that a
5,000 ft-' supermarket is a relatively small operation 12. Curtain Wall Port Area: (Item No. 27)
it would be desirable to operate for only I hour/day. Make curtain wall port 42" wide x 12" high.
T
herefore, use a 400 Ib/hr incinerator for Type 3 waste, 13. Breech Size: (Item No. 30)
Make Breech 20" in diameter.
2. Type of Incinerator:
Use an "in-line" type of incinerator as it would better 14. Combustion Chamber Sizing.
suit the room available for it. (Items No. 31, 32, 33, 34, 28)
Make height of chamber equal to 60".
3. Grate Area: (Item No. 5 (a) )
Make width uf' charnber equal to 42".
Both the required nrinintum grate area and that area Assume an inside length of 30" and go through items
5% larger than the minimum area are calculated and No. 31, 32, 33 and 34. Both velocity and retention
represent the lower and upper limits of allowable time are unsuitable. Try inside length equal to 49".
grate area. ('his time, velocity and retention time are acceptable,
and item No. 28 is also acceptable.
4. Grate Length and Width: (Items No. 4, 2 & 3) Make inside chamber length = 48".
From page 9, the ratio of grate length to width must
equal 1.6. 15. Overfire Air Port (Item No. 36)
Let x = grate width Make overfire air port adjustable to 72 in-.
1.6 x=
x,-= grate length
then 1.6 16. Underfire Air Port: (Item No. 37)
19.21
X2= 12.00 Make underfire air port adjustable to 15 in,.
x = 3.47' or 3' 6"
17. Mixing Chamber Air Port: (Item No. 38)
& 1.6 x = 5.55'or5'6"
'Make mixing chamber air port adjustable to 45 in`.
5. Arch Height: (Item No. 6) 18. Sketch of proposed 400lb/hrType 3 waste incinerator,
Make arch height equal to 4' 0" as this falls within showing main features.
the allowable limits. (Top and front removed, not to scale.)
.ourgw
:d
1f
,e
.y
E
32
APPENDIX C3
INCINERATOR DESIGN EXAMPLE-NO. 3 CONTINUED
APPENDIX: B : DESIGN ASSESSMENT

A QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE FOR ASSESSING INCINERATOR DESIGNS
OF CONVENTIONAL THREE PASS TYPE INCINERATORS
(Types 1, 2 and 3 wastes)
INCINERATOR DESIGN
ASSESSMENT
TYPE 3 WASTE
MEET AMB
1 RATED CAPACITY, Ibs waste/hr 1
11DO Ib/hr AID-D Ib/hr
2 IGNITION CHAMBER LENGTH, ft. in. 2 j. - (o " S' _ ( "
3 IGNITION CHAMBER WIDTH, ft. in. 3
4 RATIO IGN. CRAM. LENGTH TO WIDTH
3
., Y2 1-6-7 i 6
5 GRATE AREA, (a) REQUIRED, 1- 0, + 5%)
-
1
TYPE 1 WASTE G.A. _ _

13 LOG 1 13 x
1 yoo
TYPE 2 WASTE G.A.
10 LOG 1 10 x.2 (.OZ
TYPE 3 WASTE G.A.

1.
8 LOG 1 8x
GRATE AREA, (b) SUPPLIED
O O x
V
144 144 i4 22 I12 ;zO.zO It
IG.A.)0.3636 ±
6 ARCH HEIGHT = 1.333 10%
LOG IA. H.) = 0.125 +0.3636 LOG (

O2;
/q
)
i
= 0.125 +0.3636 LOG I )
= 0.125+0.3636x 1-25y
= 0.125+ o HloI
= 0 69R
A. H. = 3 91 ft( ± 10%1
3 6
A.H. RANGE = 3 52 ft - 11 30 ft to
OR = 3' - b" - y' -3" 6 y

-D.. y.-j..
NOTE: Circled numbers refer to items as shown in left hand column,
33
MEET AMB
7 MAX. GIST, TOP OF CHARGING DOOR TO GRATE
= 0.75 (ARCH HEIGHT) =0.75 x

O
= 0.75 x 4 = 3 0D It
= 7 3'-0 3-0
8 IGNITION CHAMBER AUXILIARY BURNER
CAPACITY F x (LB. WASTE/HRI x BTU/hr

Ib waste/hr
= F x O x 01
= O 3'" x y00 x 6,000
10 X /D c /20
_ BTU/hr 8 y /p4- BTU/hr BTU/hr
WHERE
F Q1
TYPE 1 WASTE 0 0
TYPE 2 WASTE 0.333 4,000
TYPE 3 WASTE 0.500 6,000
9 MIXING CHAMBER AUXILIARY BURNER
CAPACITY ? (1-F) x
O x OM
= D .500 k,"V
r:
x x
y&D
/ 2D /2D
BTU/hr 9 ! /O' BTU/hr BTU/hr V
WHERE
(1-F) OM
TYPE 1 WASTE 1.000 1,000

TYPE 2 WASTE 0.667 4,000
TYPE 3 WASTE 0.500 6,000
10 TOTAL AVAILABLE AUXILIARY BURNER HEAT

GAB = 0.92 x (
O O + )
= 0.92 x (120x10`+/';Zv,1A
10
c
= BTU/hr 2 Z1k,1 6TU!hr
11 NET AVAILABLE HEAT FROM WASTE
= tO x
Ow = lD x 15-rD
O [o'D
= 0 b0Y/0 6 BTU/hr 11 k/O b BTU/hr
WHERE
TYPE 1 WASTE, QW = 5865
TYPE 3 WASTE, QW = 1500
17J
34
MEET AMB
12 TOTAL HEAT INTO INCINERATOR, OT
= 10 + 11 = 2' 81y/o" BTU/hr 12 2 SIY/OGBTU/hr
13 HEAT AVAILABLE FOR HEATING GASES,

ASSUMING ADEOUATE INSULATION IS PROVIDED
IN THE ABSENCE OF MORE ACCURATE DATA,

ASSUME 5% OF TOTAL HEAT INPUT IS LOST
TO WALLS
HEAT AVAILABLE = 0.95 x 12
= 0.95 x 2. 1,elO = 2 & 71/04 BTU/hr 13 2" 61X/ObBTU/hr
14 FLOWRATE OF GASES THROUGH COMBUSTION

CHAMBER TO MAINTAIN TEMPERATURE OF
1600OF
=(D x 0.63 x 10-6
= 2 ro7 0.63 x 10- 6
_ b$2 Ib. gases 14 / ' 8 Z Ib/sec

sec.
15 RATE OF VOLATILIZATION OF WASTE
TYPE 1 WASTE. 0.90 = FRACTION VOLATILIZED

TYPE 2 WASTE 0.93 = "
TYPE 3 WASTE 0.95 =
FLOWRATE = F.V. x 1
3600
= p 45 x _ybo = O Ib 15 p / O b Ib/sec
! (o
3600 sec.
16 AUXILIARY FUEL - NO. 201L > 19.600 BTU/Ib

16 -AJL,D'&D BTU/1b
NAT. GAS --->22,000 BTU/Ib
17 AIR FOR AUXILIARY FUEL - USE
14.0 Ibs air/lb No. 2 oil

17.0 lbs. air/Ib Nat. gas 17
/7O Ib , air
lb. fuel
18 FLOWRATE OF IGNITION CRAM. AUX. FUEL
_ O _ /a o x/O I.
= O fllSiIb
sec
18 (7 015 /S Ib/sec
3600 x 16 3600 x 22, e"Z'
19 FLOWRATE OF MIXING CRAM. AUX. FUEL
_ O _ /.;;C) X/O 6 = ,
or5i5 ro
sec
19 O a lS lS Ib/sec
3600 x 16 3600 x A 2, OV-0
NOTE Circled numbers refer to items as shown in left hand column,
35
MEET AMB
20 FLOWRATF OF AIR FOR IGN. CRAM. AUX. FUEL

(ASSUME 20"', E XCESS AIR, I E. FACTOR OF 1.21
- 1.? R 17 x 18
= 1,2x 17.0 x 0 0/SlS = 0-.30V Ib 20 O 309 Ib/sec

sec
21 F LOWRATE OF AIR FOR MIX. CRAM. AU X. FUEL

1ASSUME 2001. EXCESS AIR, I.E. FACTOR OF 1.2)
= 1.2
=
12
x
" l
0-6
7 D 0 O/f;-/S = 0 3Dq Ib 21 0 309 Ib/sec
sec
22 F LOWRATE OF AIR FOR WASTE COMBUSTION

_
14 I
15 +
9, (3, 20 + 21 1
&82 ( 0 /0(.+0 oiS*OOii+O 30f+0.3091
_ 641 o O 42 $ Ib 22 p 92 S Ib/sec
sec
23 FLOWRATE OF GASES THROUGH FLAME PORT
20
= 10.8 X
(D) + 15 + 18 +
= 10.8 x 0 90 )
+ 0- t0!' + 0.016 + 0309
= 0-7y2 + 0'y?0 = /'/7Z Ib 23 Ib/sec

sec
24 FLAME PORT AREA (V= 551ps + 20%)

(a)REQUIRED AT 16000F
52.1 x 23
_ = 0.972 x 1'172
55
_ //y it2 1+ 200/61
110 SUPPL IF O = 12
144
x / = f 0 112
'?4
It2
p qr
1-37
-
It2
25 TOTAL GROSS HEAT INPUT
QTG - O O (O + +
x YVG)
=3 yX/fl` BTU/hr 25 3
TYPE OF WASTE 1 2 3
6500 4300 2500

gNG
NOTE: Circled numbers refer to items as shown in left hand column,
36
MEET AMB
#
26 MIXING CHAMBER AREA IV - 35 rps 20°%I
(J! REQUIRED AT 1600OF
- 52.1 x
35
14
- b92
= 2 50 it2 1+ 20%)
Ib) SUPPLIED
= 9_x yz
144
- 2'62 it2 26
z . 2 rte 2.0°-3 po rt2
l/ /
±
27 CURTAIN WALL PORT AREA (V =25 fps 20
(,i) REOLIMED AT 16"F
52.1 x 14
uti .
25
- 3'50 it2 1+ 20".,I
Ib) SUPPL IE D
yz . z = 3'so it2 27
144 3 50 1t2 2'$0 _
N'?0 ft2 V"
28 INCINERATOR INTERNAL VOLUME

INOT INCLUDING ASH PIT)
(a) RE OUIHED
25
3'Y xi0,
25,000 7x.000
- /3 it3
11,1 SUPPLIED
iGNITION V
CHAR1BE R
1728
72 O it3
%1IXING
VM= q x
&0 k
y2
CHAMBE H
1728
COM
13-1 rt3
BUSTION
CHAMBER VC - y8 (P 0 x /2
1728
?0'0 it3
TOTAL VOLUME = VI + VM + VC
= 77.0 + / 3-1 + 7o 0
28
Y 3
f
3 tr3
- -o
37
MEET AMS
29 DOWNPASS LENGTH (TOP IGN. CRAM. ARCH

TO TOP CURTAIN WALL PORT)
'o.8. ) = o.8xgM = 3 "0 It 29 qGD It ' 3-go It
30 STACK OR BREECH DIAM. (V 36 fps at 1200PFI
:
AREA REQ. __
41,9
36
_=
14
1.161 14
= 1.161 x N2
_ 1.0755' It2
DIAM., IN.. n 13.54 AREA. ft2 = 13.54 w 1-3d 30
_ /$ ly in. ZO in.diam Q #n,diam
31 COMBUSTION CHAMBER SHORTEST LENGTH
(DEFINED AS SHORTEST DISTANCE BETWEEN

EDGE OF CURTAIN WALL PORT AND EDGE OF
STACK OR BREECH)
Q
2p1,
F -31
,gr
L
ro0"
Try 0- =,o
o . ya = fioz . y9 / ° = y. 0 9
o.
Q=;Z$
31 f7 " ft
NOTE: Circled numbws refer to items as shown in left hand column.
38
MEET AMS
32 COMBUSTION CHAMBER CROSS SECTIONAL

AREA IDEFINED AS BEING MOST NEARLY
PERPENDICULAR TO
S'{ r yz
(3) /y 0
_._$--PS It2 32 fy a
ft2
144
33 COMBUSTION CHAMBER VELOCITY

IV 8.5 fps) AT 1600OF
52.1 14
6 9 t
&-2b
v_
-
x
V x / 8z = fps 33 6 zb 8.5
IN U fps fps
34 COMBUSTION CHAMBER RETENTION TIME
31 3 07q p711
secs 34 -sue sec 0 50 sec
33 do 2b
35 STACK OR BREECH LOCATION
O.K.or X MOVE FURTHER AWAY FROM

WALL PORT 35
36 OVERFIRE AIR PORT AREA

(a) REQUIRED
= 0.632 x 1.2 x 0.1 x 22
= 0.531 x 0 '22
= 0 41q3 It2
(bl SUPPLIED
?z in
2
= = 0 C ft 2 36
144 0 50 It2 O y q f12
37 UNDERFIRE AIR PORT AREA
(a) REQUIRED
0.632 x 0.1 x 39 x 22
= 0.0632 x / 72 x 0 42$ = 0 1 0/ It2

(b) SUPPLIED
_ - 144
'n2
= o oaf ft 2 7
/0 it2 0 '/lJ f12
38 MIXING CHAMBER AIR PORT AREA
(a) REQUIRED
0.632 x 0.2 .
(9-0
= 0.1264 . 2 69 x p (?2j
= 0 3/3 It2
Ibl SUPPLIED
=
ys in2
- 0 3/z It2 38
144 0-31 It2 0.3/ ft2
39
MEET AMB
39 OVERSIZE FACTORS
a
40 O
50 Ib/hr 250
39
5.00
40
39
, z Pi
100 2.39 4.67 2 O 7
150 2.28 4.33 40
200 217 4.00
300 1 95 3.33
400 1.72 2.67
500 1.50 2.00
600 1.50 2.00
1000 1.50 2.00
OPENING
41
42
IGNITION CHAMBER TEST
MIXING CHAMBER TEST OPENING Q.t1t

P
pi 41
42
43 COMBUSTION CHAMBER TEST OPENING 43 `/ L/

p zrt.
44 NAME PLATE X = NOT SHOWN
V = SHOWN 44
NOTE CNclad numbers rafw to rums as shown in loft hand column.
40
APPENDIX C 4

OBJECT:
Design an incinerator to dispose of 100 Ib/hour of dead
animal bodies.
SOLUTION: Required Weight of Products of Combustion in the Ignition

STEP 1: Heat and Mass Balance Chamber to Maintain 18000E
Composition (by weight) of Refuse: Weight of gases from:

Dry Combustible 100 x 0.10 = 10 lb!hr M= Q
Contained Moisture 100 x 0.85 = 85 Ib/hr Cp Ot

Ash 100 x 0.05 = 5 Ib/hr Where: Q = 437,600 BTU/hr
Total 100 Ib/hr C'p = 0'9 BTU/lb OF (Assumed Average
Value)
Gross Heat Input to Ignition Chamber: pt = 1800 60 = 1740OF
from waste 1,000 BTU/lb x 100 Ib/hr = 100,000 BTU/hr 437,600
from auxiliary fuel 5,000 B fU/lb M = = 868 pounds/hour of
0._'9 x 1740 products of combustion
x 100 Ib/hr = 500,000 BTU/hr
600,000 131U/hr Required Excess Air in Ignition Chamber to Maintain 1800oF
Weight of gases from:
Heat Losses in Ignition Chamber; (a) Natural Gas 20% excess air assumed
I SCF Nat. gas- 0.999 Ih of products of combustion
(a) Radiation and Conduction I hrough Furnace Walls
(use _'% of gross heat input) 500 SCF/hour of Natural gas required.
0.999 x 500 = 500 Ib/hr
600,000 x 0.02 = 12,000 BTU/hr
(b) Contained Moisture
(h) 1vaporation of contained moistures 85 Ib/hour of moisture = 85 Ib/hr
at 600E (hfg = 1060 BI'U/lb)
S5 Ib/hr of contained moisture
(c) Dry Combustible (Assumed as ('cllUlose)
10 Ib/hr or dry combustible
85 x 1060 = 90,100 BTU/hr
I lb of cellulose requires 5.08 lb of air
i; Sensible Heat in Ash at 18000E
i
Cp = 0.217 BTU/lb
o f let Xs = percent excess air
1800 -- 60 = 1740oF 10[(I+5.08)+ x5.081 60.8+0.508Xs

100 1
M = 5.0 lb/hr of ash Total weight of gases =645,8

- M + 0.508 Xs
Q = M C'pLT
Q = 5.0 x 0.217 x 1740 = 1,900 BTU/hr 868 = 645.8 + 0.508 Xs
2-12.2
(d) Evaporation of water formed from Xs 438% excess air for cellulose
0.505 =
combustion of dry combustible at 600E
10 Ib/hr of dry combustible (as cellulose) Volume of Combustion Gases in Ignition Chamber
I of cellulose yields 0.556 Ib of water
Ib (a) From Dry Combustible only = 10 lb./hr at 600E
(hfg = 1060 BTU/lb at 600F) Ib/hr of Cellulose
10 x 0.556 x 1060 = 5,900 BTU/hr Qt = 600E 3600
(e) Evaporation of water formed from combustion
78.2 + 10 x 663) ]cfs at 600F
of natural gas.
500,000 BTU/hr of Nat. gas at 1,000 BTU/SCF
I SCF Nat. gas produces 0.099 Ib of water 3600
10
78? +(-x 66.3)
11100
438 1
- 1.021 cfs at 600F
(hfg = 1060 BTU/lb at 60oF)

(b) From Natural Gas Only (500 ('FII at 20% excess air)
500,000
x 0.099 x 1060 = 52,500 BTU/hr
1,000
SCFH of Natural Gas
Qt = 60" -
Total Heat Loss in Ignition 3600
Chamber =162,400 BTU/hr Xs
x110.76+ x 9.7' )
or ?7.1% of Gross Heat Input. 100 J
-
111
Heat Available to Raise Temperature of Products of '0 1
Combustion to 1800OF: 360 10.76 + x 9 .731

(100
Gross Heat input Heat Losses
= 600,000 162,400 =437,600 BTU/hr
41
(c) From Contained Moisture only (85 Ib/hour) The 604 Ib/hour of products of combustion has an
density at 60OF = _' 1.1 f13/lb of water average molecular weight very nearly that of air.
85 x 21.1
Specific volume of air at 1800OF = 56.95 ft3/lb
I -b 1-
3600
= 0.498 cfs at 600F
Volume of gases added by secondary burner

Total Volume of Gases at 60OF = 3.281 cfs at 60oF
604 x 56.95
2260 = 9.55 cfs at 1800oF
Volume at 1800OF = 3.281 x = 14.24 cfs at 36(x)
5_ 1800OF
Total Volume of Gases after Secondary Burner:

Flowrate of Gases in Ignition Chamber: 14.24 + 9.55 = 25.714 cfs at 1800" l:
_ 14.24 cfs at 1800"F per 100 lb/hr of waste
per 100 lb/hour of waste (** See later) **(14._24 from earlier)
STEP 11: Sizing of Incinerator Chambers and Ports

Required Secondary Burner Input: A. IGNITION CHAMBER:
3000 BTU
3000 BTU/pound are required by Criteria
100 pounds/hour of Waste
Burner should be 300,000 BTU/hour capacity or
Area = = -
Hearth Area at 10 Ibs/hour per sq. ft.
100
10 square feet
10
Length
300 CFH of Natural Gas ratio =
Width
Heat Available to Maintain Gases at 1800OF: L = 2W

(a) Loss Due to Radiation & Conduction through ft2
Area = _'W.W = 10
furnace Walls (Use 2% of Burner input)
W = 2.237 ft
300,000 x 0.02 = 6,000 BTU/hour
L = 4.474 ft
(b) Loss Due to Evaporation of Water formed from Width _ ,, 2-7/8"
Combustion of Natural Gas
Length = 4' - 5-5/8"
(lifg = 1060 BTU/Ib at 60OF
300 x 00)9 x 1060 = 31,500 BTU/hour
Total Losses = 37,500 BTU/hour
Arch Height (average) from figure 6 of criteria
,6
E
(c) Net Heat Available = 2.17 feet
= Gross Heat Input Losses
Ignition Chamber Volume
= 300,000 37,500 = 262,500 B"1 U/hour
10.0 x _'.17 = 21.7 ft3
Required Weight of Products of Combustion: B. FLAME PORT AND MIXING CHAMBER:

after the secondary burner to Maintain 1800oF Velocity Required 20 fps ± 20%
Q
M = Volume of Gases = 14.24 cfs at 1800OF (see ** earlier)
CPL t
14.24
Q = 262,500 Area Required = = 0.712 ft`
Cp = 0.25 BTU/lb - of (assumed) '0
I = 1800 - 60 = 1740OF
C. PORT AT BOTTOM OF MIXING CHAMBER:
262,500
M= = 604 lb/hr of products of Velocity Required 20 fps
0.25 x 1740 combustion Volume of gases = 23.79 cfs at 1800OF (see ** earlier)
The natural gas using 20% excess air (300 CFH natural 23.79
gas) produces 300 Ib/hour of gases. Area Required = = 1.190 ft2
_'0
604 - 300 = 304 lb/hour of excess air is required.
10 lb/hour of combustible require 50.4 Ib/hour
of air theoretically. D. CHAMBER BELOW HEARTH:
304
= 603% excess air must be added in the Velocity Required = 10 fps ± 100%
50.4 secondary burner. Volume of gases = 23.79 cfs at 1800OF
Total excess air used for dry Combustible in waste 23.79 ,
Area Required= _ 2.38 ft`
= 603 + 438 = 1041 % 10
42
E. PORT AT BOTTOM OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER: G. STACK:
Velocity Required = 20 fps + 20% at 1800OF
-
Velocity Required = 33 fps at 1600oF
Volume of gases = 23.70 efs at 1800OF
_'060
23.79 Volume of gases = 23.79 x = 21.7 efs at
Area Required = = 1.190 ft` 2260 1600OF
20
F. COMBUSTION CHAMBER:
Velocity Required = 5
Volume of gases = 23.79 fps

fps ± 100% at 1800OF Area Required = -
21.7
33
= 0.657 ft2
112
23.79 , Diameter Required = ( r4 x 0.657 = 0.015 feet
Area Required = = 4.76 ft-
5 or approximately 1 I" diameter.
43
APPENDIX D : GUIDES TO APPLICANTS
FOR CERTIFICATES OF APPROVAL
. All new incinerators and changes. modifications or addi- (b) The building. in which the incinerator is to be sited,
tions to existing ones. requires a Certificate of Approval showing the location of the chinmey or stack and its re-
from the Ministry of the Environment. Applications are lationship to other roof structures. air intakes, windows.
to be submitted to the Environmental Approvals Branch balconies and neighbouring buildings.
of the Ministry. 6. When master drawings are on file with the Branch. it may
not be necessary to include detailed incinerator drawings
_'. Normally the owner is considered to be responsible for with each application. Similarly it is not necessan to sub-
obtaining approval, however, this responsibility may be mit a heat balance with every application, though this will
delegated to consultants, suppliers or installers. be required with the first application involving a new
design, and for incinerator for types 5 and 6 wastes.
3. Application Form No. 3 "Incinerator" should be used.
These forms are available from the Environmental App- 7. Material balances (or lists of materials to be burnt) are
usually required for incinerators for types 5 and 6 wastes.
rovals Branch of the Ministn of the Environment.
S. When in doubt about any matter. it would be advisable
4. All the data requested on the form should be supplied, to contact one of the engineers in the Approvals Section
or if not applicable to the specific project, this should of the Branch.
be indicated. In assessing applications for Certificates of Approval, the
Environmental Approvals Branch will use these criteria as
5. In addition to the drawings or blueprints indicated in the guides in judging the acceptability.
box on Page 3 of the form, it is usually necessary to in- Deviations front these criteria may, result in rejection of
clude drawings or sketches of - the design, however. each application will he judged un
(a) Incinerator room lay-out with dimensions showing air its merits and variations which do not adversely affect
intakes and other equipment in the same room. performance will not result in rejection.
44

Incinerator Design

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Criteria for Incinerator

Design and Operation

vised June 1974

This Ontario Ministrv of the Environment work is protected by Crown

For information on reproducing Government of Ontario works, please

5. Incinerators for Types 1, 2 and 3 Wastes

5.1 Physical Description and Diagrams 6

5.6 Operating Requirements 11

6. Selection and Sizing Guide 12

7. Incinerators for Type 4 Waste - Pathological 13

7.1 Pathological Waste - Definition 13

7.2 Physical Description 13

7.3 Design Criteria 14

D: Guides to Applicants for Certificates of Approval 44

Waste platter play be divided into the following types:

All incinerators constructed or installed should meet the fol- I nsulation:

(a) Name Plate

5.2 THE COMBUSTION PROCESS 5.4 DESIGN PARAMETERS - PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS

CAPACITY (LBS. PER HR.

( ii ) In-Line Diminishing from about 1.6: for 750

(c) Arch Height: Q JS

or it may be estimated from the curve of Figure 4.

HE Are;/, ALUES tit

ing door. GRATE AREA (AG) l12

the arch height. Effective draft is computed as theoretical stack draft

(i) Ignition Chamber Temperature:- 16000F plus or

CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES AND RECOMMENDED

Approximate Moisture Incombustible Combustible Gross B.T.U. Minimum

1 Rubbish Combustible Rubbish 100 25 10 65 6500 in Mixing

2 Refuse Rubbish and Rubbish 50 50 7 43 4300 1/3 in Ignition

3 Garbage Meat and Garbage 100 70 5 25 2500 1/2 in Ignition

Design Requirements Approximate Quantities

Industrial Building, Process Plants 5,6 Survey must be made

C ommercial buildings Office Building 1 1 lb/100 sq.ft./day

Residential Apartments 2 5 Ib/bedroom/day

Schools Without Cafeteria 1 1016/room+li4 Ib/pupil; day

Institutions Hospitals General Waste _', 3 8lbs/bed/day

Hotels Hotels - 1st Class 3 5 Ibs/room daN

- Medium Class 3 5 Ibs/room,das

Miscellaneous Dog Pounds 4 Survey must be made

7.1 PATHOLOGICAL WASTE -DEFINITION 7.2 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF PATHOLOGICAL

SIDE VIEW CLEANOUT

FIGURE 5. CUTAWAY OF A PATHOLOGICAL WASTE INCINERATOR

designed to give a 0.5 second retention time at I800oF, Combustion

1 ii I Average arch height - from Graph of Fig. 6

The secondary burner flame should be positioned so

Heat Release Rate:

A QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE FOR ASSESSING INCINERATOR DESIGNS

1 RATED CAPACITY, Ibs waste/hr 1

2 IGNITION CHAMBER LENGTH, ft. in. 2

3 IGNITION CHAMBER WIDTH, It. In. 3

4 RATIO IGN. CHAM. LENGTH TO WIDTH

5 (IRATE AREA, (a) REQUIRED, 1 0, + 5%)

TYPE 1 WASTE G.A. _ _ _

TYPE 2 WASTE GA. _ -- _ =

TYPE 3 WASTE GA. _ = _

GRATE AREA, (b) SUPPLIED

144 144 ft2 ft2

= 0.125 + 0.3636 LOG i I

NOTE Circled numbers refer to items as shown in left hand column,

7 MAX. DIST. TOP OF CHARGING DOOR TO GRATE

= 0.75 (ARCH HEIGHT) =0.75 x

8 IGNITION CHAMBER AUXILIARY BURNER

CAPACITY F x (LB. WASTE/HR) x BTU/hr