AM CALCULATION

1. Modulating signal
Vm (t) = Em sin Ꞷmt
Ꞷm =2πfm
=2π(10MHz)
=62.8319MHz
Vm (t) =6 sin 62.8319M
=2.0521
2. Carrier signal
Vc (t) = Ec sin Ꞷct
Ꞷc =2πfc
=2π(300MHz)
=1884.9556MHz
Vc (t) =10 sin 1884.9556M
= -9.8481
3.Modulation index
Em
M=
Ec
6
M=
10
M = 0.6
4. Modulated signal
mEc mEc
Vam (t)=Ec sin Ꞷct + cos (Ꞷc − Ꞷm) t + cos (Ꞷc + Ꞷm) t
2 2
(0.6)(10) (0.6)(10)
= 10 sin 1884.9556M + cos (1884.9556M−62.8319M) + cos
2 2

(1884.9556M+62.8319M)
= 10 sin (1884.9556M) + 3 cos (1822.1237M) + 3 cos (19.47.7875M)
5. Frequency spectrum
fusb = fc + fm
= 300M + 10M
= 310Mhz
flsb = fc − fm
= 300M − 10M
= 290MHz
mEc
Elsb = Eusb =
2

(0.6)(0.10)
=
2
=3
6. Bandwith
B = (fc + fm) − (fc − fm)
= 2fm
= 2(10M)
= 20MHz

Em Em
vDSBSC (𝑡) = cos (ωc − ωm)t + cos (ωc + ωm)t
2 2
= 3 cos (1822.1237M) + 3 cos (1947.7875M)

7.Frequency Spectrum
10V

3V 3V

290MHz 300MHz 310MHz

20MHz
FM CALCULATION
1. Carrier signal
Vc (t) = Vc cos (ωc t)
ωc = 2Π fc
ωc = 2Π (100M) = 628.3185M
Vc (t) = 10 cos 628.3185M

2. Information signal
Vm (t) = Vm cos (ωm 𝑡)
ωm = 2πfm
ωm = 62.8319kHz
Vm (t) = 8 cos 62.8319k

3. Modulation index
𝛥𝑓
mf =
𝑓𝑚
mf = 0.5
Δf = mf fm
Δf = 5kHz
Δf
Kf =
Vm
K f = 625Hz/v
fcs = 2Δf = 2(5k) = 10kHz
Smpai sini je aku buat samiq. Aku nak masuk kan data dkat bawah ni tak sure. Kau tgok mane
nak kne betulkan. Nnti pass balik
4. Basel polynomial table
M J0 J1 J2 J3 J4
2.0 0.22 0.58 0.35 0.13 0.03

Vfm (t) = VC cos (wc t + mf Sin wm t)

= 10 cos (1884.9556M)t + 2 sin (62.8319MHz)
5. Amplitude of the spectrum
Mvc J0 = 2(10)0.22 = 4.4V
Mvc J1 = 2(10)0.58 = 11.6V
Mvc J2 = 2(10)0.35 = 7V
Mvc J3 = 2(10)0.13 = 2.6V
Mvc J4 = 2(10)0.03 = 0.6V

6.Frequency component of the spectrum

fc = 300MHZ
fc + fm = 300M + 10M = 310MHz
fc + 2fm = 300M + 20M = 320MHz
fc + 3fm = 300M + 30M = 330MHz
fc + 4fm = 300M + 40M = 340MHz
fc + 5fm = 300M + 50M = 350MHz

fc − fm = 300M − 10M = 290MHz

fc − 2fm = 300M − 20M = 280MHz
fc − 3fm = 300M − 30M = 270MHz
fc − 4fm = 300M − 40M = 260MHz
fc − 5fm = 300M − 50M = 250MHz

7.Bandwith of the FM signal

Bw = fmax − fmin

Bw = 340M − 260M
Bw = 80MHz
 8.Frequency Spectrum

11.6V 11.6V
10V

7V 7V
4.4V
4.4V
2.6V
2.6V
0.6V
0.6V

250MHzCIRCUIT
260MHzSIMULATION 290MHz
DESIGN
270MHz 280MHz 300MHz 310MHz 320MHz 330MHz 340MHz 350MHz

80MHz
AMPLITUDE MODULATION CIRCUIT

FREQUENCY MODULATION CIRCUIT

RESULT
AM MODULATION

AMPLITUDE MODULATED SIGNAL

FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF AMPLITUDE MODULATION

 From the result that we get from Matlab, we can see that we get a true amplitude
modulation wave as in theory that we had learned in class. Also, we can see that the both of
calculation and simulation for spectrum frequency is same. In Matlab, the value show for Fc,
Fc+Fm, and Fc-Fm is same as in the calculation that is 300M Hz, 310M Hz and 290M Hz.
There are some slight error while doing the simulation so the frequency spectrum that we get
is slightly different from the calculation.It is because we use wrong scale value for amplitude.
The calculation and simulation is as shown above.
FM MODULATION

FREQUENCY MODULATED SIGNAL

 FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF FREQUENCY MODULATION
From the result that we get from Matlab, we can see that we get a true frequency
modulation wave as in theory that we had learned in class. Also, we can see that the both of
calculation and simulation for spectrum frequency is same. In Matlab, the value show for Fc,
Fc+Fm, Fc-Fm, Fm+2Fm, Fc-2Fm and more is same as in the calculation that is 300M Hz,
310M Hz, 290M Hz, 320M HZ and 280M Hz. There are some distortion while doing the
simulation so the frequency spectrum that we get is slightly different from the calculation.It is
because we use wrong scale value for amplitude. The calculation and simulation is as shown
above.