Experimental Procedure:

1. Make sure that the apparatus is set up correctly.

2. Check that the gauge reading of pressure is zero to avoid errors . This can be fixed by releasing
the air bubbles at the back of the gauge.
3. Close the valve of the flow control and start opening the pump until you reach 25 L/min for a
flow and let it settle .
4. Measure and Record the ambient atmospheric pressure (Pa). Then measure the temperature of
water by a thermometer.
5. Gradually open the flow control valve wait for the bubbles to stop and start taking the readings.
6. Use flow control valve to increase the flow from 25 L/min to 45 L/min and take the readings for
Upstream(P1) and Throat pressure(P2).
7. As we increase the flow rate the cavitation starts to show as a white vapor .
8. Close the Pump.
9. Use the continuity equation (Q=A1V1) to calculate the inlet flow velocity (v1) for each flow rate.
10. Complete the extra column p1 + pa.
11. Plot a chart p1 + pa against ρv12/2 .
12. Calculate the gradient of your chart, this will be k2. Find the intercept of the chart, this will be
approximate vapor pressure pv.

Useful data:
 Water Temperature = 23oC
 Water Density, ρ = 1000 kg/m3
 Atmospheric Pressure, Pa = 101325 Pa
 Venturi Inlet Area, A1 = 2.1 × 10−4 m2
 Venturi Inlet Area, A2 = 0.36 × 10−4 m2
 10 L/min = 0.0001667 m3/s
 1 bar = 100000 Pa
 v1 = Q/A
Sample Calculations:

Convert Q from L/min to m3/s (Q=25 L/min )

10 L/min = 0.0001667 m3/s

0.0001667 𝑚3/𝑠  25 𝐿/𝑚𝑖𝑛

 𝑄= = 4.1675  10−4 m3/s
10 L/min

𝑸
 v1 = 𝑨

4.1675  10−4
= 2.1 ×10−4
= 1.9857 m/s

Convert P1 from bar to Pa

1 bar = 100000 Pa

 P1(Pa)= 100000  0.1 = 10000 Pa

2
𝜌𝑣 2 1000 (1.9857)
 2
=
2
= 1971.50

 P2(Pa)= 100000  -0.66 = -66000 Pa

𝑸
 V2 = 𝑨

4.1675  10−4
= 0.36 ×10−4
= 11.58 m/s
Complete table:

Flow Upstream Upstream Throat Flow

Reading Pressure Flow Velocity Pressure Velocity
at Throat
Q P1 P1 + Pa v1 ρv12/2 P2 v2
3
L/min m /s bar Pa Pa m/s bar Pa m/s
25 4.17× 10−4 0.10 10000 111325 1.9857 1971.50 -0.66 -66000 11.58
27.5 4.58× 10−4 0.15 15000 116325 2.1809 2378.16 -0.88 -88000 12.72
30 5.00 0.35 35000 136325 2.3809 2834.34 -0.88 -88000 13.89
× 10−4
32.5 5.42× 10−4 0.6 60000 161325 2.5809 3330.52 -0.86 -86000 15.06
−4
35 5.83× 10 0.85 85000 186325 2.7762 3853.64 -0.84 -84000 16.19
−4
37.5 6.25× 10 1.1 110000 211325 2.9762 4428.88 -0.82 -82000 17.36
40 6.67× 10−4 1.37 135000 236325 3.1762 5044.12 -0.80 -80000 18.53
42.5 7.08× 10−4 1.7 170000 271325 3.3714 5683.17 -0.78 -78000 19.67
45 7.50× 10−4 2 200000 301325 3.5714 6377.45 -0.76 -76000 20.83
o o 2 −4
Water Temperature ( C) = 23 C Venturi Inlet Area, A1 (m ) = 2.1 × 10
Water Density, ρ (kg/m3) = 1000 Venturi Inlet Area, A2 (m2) = 0.36 × 10−4
Atmospheric Pressure, Pa (Pa) = 101325 Pa