Unlimited Memory - How To Use Advanced Learning Strategies To Learn Faster

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty Of Engineering Technology
COURSE INFORMATION
COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING LABORATORY II (BNJ 17101)
TOPIC: SIMPLE PENDULUM
1. INTRODUCTION
A small weight (or bob) suspended by a cord forms a simple pendulum. When the
pendulum is set swinging, the time (t) swing is found to be constant for a given
length of pendulum and is not affected by the weight of the bob or (within limits)
by the extent of the arc of swing. This constant time of swing of a simple
pendulum forms the basis of time-keeping by some clocks.
A pendulum swings under the action of gravity. The force of gravity acting on a
freely falling body will give it a steadily increasing speed, or acceleration, which
is the same for all bodies, whatever their weight. This acceleration (denoted by g)
can be calculated the time of swing of a simple pendulum.
2. OBJECTIVES
The objective of this experiment is to show that the time of a simple pendulum
depends only on the length of the pendulum, and to determine the value of the
force of gravity using a simple pendulum.
3. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this experiment, students should be able to understand the concept of
simple pendulum.
4. EXPERIMENTAL THEORY
It can be shown mathematically, that the time (t) of swing of a simple pendulum
(L) is given by the formula :
L
t  2
g
Where, (g) is the acceleration due to gravity
Since  and g are both constant, then t  constant  L i.e. the time of swing of
a simple pendulum is proportional to the square root of the length of the
pendulum.
BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

5. EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENTS
Table 1: Simple Pendulum Equipment List
No. Apparatus Qty.

1 Plumb Bob A 1
2 Plumb Bob B 1
3 Plumb Bob C 1
4 Threaded Rod (Bolt) 1
5 Knurled Nuts 2
6 Measurement Tape 1
7 Protractor (Build in) 1
8 Length of Cord (approx 600mm)
9 Stop Watch (or clock with second hand) 1
6. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
6.1 PART A
1. Prepare the panel board as shown in Figure 1.

2. Record the weight for each plumb bob A, B and C by using digital scales.
3. Draw a horizontal line on the mounting panel, passing through the centre
of hole, and mark it ‘O’ (i.e. zero). Make similar marks below it at
100mm, 140mm, 200mm, 300mm, 400 mm 500mm and 600mm from zero
using measuring tape and mark these figures by the lines.
4. Take the Plumb Bob A and pass the cord once around the hook and then
clamp the free end under the head of the screw. The plumb bob has a dot
stamped on its largest diameter which positioned in line with your 140mm
mark, thus giving a pendulum of length (L) equal to 140mm.
5. Set the pendulum swinging with amplitude of approximately 10° on wither
side of the rest position. You can judge this by using the build in
protractor.
6. Record the time for 20 complete swings, a complete swing being from one
extreme position to the other and back again.
7. Repeat step 4 till step 6 two or three times to obtain an average result.
8. Repeat step 4 till step 6 for amplitude 20° and 30°.
9. Repeat step 4 till step 8 for Plumb Bob B and Plumb Bob C.

6.2 PART B
1. Use the Plumb Bob A, and set the pendulum of length (L) at 140mm.
2. Set the pendulum swinging with an amplitude of approximately 20° on
wither side of the rest position.. You can judge this by using the build in
protractor
3. Record the time for 20 swings.
4. Repeat step 2 and 3 two or three times to obtain the average result.
5. Repeat step 1 until 4 for pendulum of length (L) of 200 mm, 300mm, 400
mm, 500mm and 600mm.
7. OBSERVATIONS
1. Complete the Table 2 and Table 3. Record three separate times for 20
swings.
2. Plot the graph of Amplitude versus Periodic Time (t) for each Plumb Bob.
3. Plot the graph of Mass (Plumb Bob) versus Periodic Time (t) for each
amplitude tested.
4. Plot the graph of length L versus periodic time (t).
8. DISCUSSIONS
1. Discuss the graphs obtained.

2. Discuss, does the distance the pendulum swings alter its periodic time (t).
3. Discuss, does the periodic timing (t) altered by the weight of pendulum.
4. Discuss, does the periodic timing (t) altered by the amplitude of pendulum.
9. QUESTIONS
1. What are the factors that altered the periodic time for a pendulum?
2. Calculate the experimental (g) value and compare it with the theoretical
(g) value.
3. Explain the difference between simple pendulum and compound
pendulum.
10. CONCLUSION
Deduce conclusions from the experiment. Please comment on your experimental

work in terms of achievement, problems faced throughout the experiment and
suggest recommendation for improvements.

11. EXPERIMENT APPARATUS SET UP
THREADED ROD
AND NUTS
PROTRACTOR
STOPWATCH &
MEASURING
TAPE
CORD
PANEL BOARD
PLUMB BOB
A B C
Figure 1: Simple Pendulum Apparatus

12. DATA SHEETS
TABLE 2: PART A
The Plumb Bob A Plumb Bob B Plumb Bob C

time for
20 (…………………kg) (…………………kg) (…………………kg)
swings
Amplitude ( Degree) Amplitude ( Degree) Amplitude ( Degree)
(s)
10° 20° 30° 10° 20° 30° 10° 20° 30°
T1(s)
T2(s)
T3(s)
Average
result,
(t)
TABLE 3: PART B
The time for 20 swings

Length of Periodic time
pendulum L for one swing
Average
L, (m) (m) ( T/20)
T1 (s) T2 (s) T3 (s) results, T
(s)
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0,50
0,60
* Data sheet must approved by the instructor

COURSE INFORMATION
TOPIC: PROJECTILE
1. INTRODUCTION
A projectile is a body which is propelled (or thrown) with some initial velocity,
and then allowed to be acted upon by the forces of gravity and possible drag. The
maximum upward distance reached by the projectile is called the height, the
horizontal distance traveled the range (or sometimes distance), and the path of the
object is called its trajectory. If a body is allowed to free-fall under gravity and is
acted upon by the drag of air resistance, it reaches a maximum downward velocity
known as the terminal velocity.
2. OBJECTIVES
The objective of this experiment is to determine the distance traveled by the initial
movement throughout the sliding platform and the movement when the particle
free-fall to the ground under the action of gravity.
projectile and the application.
r1 O
h1
r2
B
S

II
h2
X X
X1
Figure 1

4.1 Ball movement on the plane: From A to B
At point A, ball has a Potential Energy =

1
2
mu 2  Iw 2 . 
When it reaches point B, the Kinetic Energy depends upon two components of
velocities, namely the rotational and translational kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy =
1
2
  2 2
mu 2  Iw 2 , where, I golf = mr12 ; I squash = mr12 .
5 3
…. (1)
w: velocity of
m : mass of an object
r1 : radius of an object
u : velocity at point B
The sum of energy at point B =

1
2
 
mu 2  Iw 2  mgh2 . …. (2)
Due to the law of conservation of energy,
The sum of energy at A = The sum of energy at B
mgh1 
1
2

mu 2  Iw 2  …. (3)
If no sliding (gelinciran) happened , u  wr2 , where r2 =OH – S
2 2
 X   X1 X 
OH = r     …. (4)
 2   2
1
2
2 gh1
Golf Ball , velocity u g = 2
…. (5)
2 r 
I  1
5  r2 
2 gh1
Squash Ball , velocity us = 2
…. (6)
2 r 
I  1
3  r2 

4.2 Ball free-fall movement : From B to C
Figure 2
AT B, ball will move with a velocity U,
a. Time, t when the ball drop at the height of h2 could be obtained

from an equation of :
h2  Ut sin   1 2 gt 2 …. (7)
V  U sin   gt …. (8)
b. Horizontal distance, L when the ball landing at the ground could be

obtained from an equation of :
L  Ut cos …. (9)
Table 1: Projectile Equipment List
No. Apparatus Qty.
1 Sliding platform / plane 1

2 Ruler 1
3 Golf ball and squash ball 1
4 Stop watch 1
5 Chalk 1

1. Put the sliding platform on the table at the suitable height and measure the
angle and the height.
2. Put the Golf Ball 1 to the platform. Release the ball when the time keeper
and distance marker are ready. Start the stop watch when the ball starts to
move about from B.
3. Determine the location when the ball landing to the ground.
4. Repeat the procedure several times and determine the distance, L and time,
t every time it landing at the ground. Determine the maximum distance,
minimum distance, average of the distances and average of the time.
7. OBSERVATIONS
1. Complete the Table 2.

2. From the theory, calculate the value of distance, L of the golf ball and
squash ball.
8. DISCUSSIONS
1. Discuss the result between Golf Ball 1, Golf Ball 2 and Squash Ball in
terms of time and distance obtained by the experiment.
2. What are the factors that affect the result of time and distance? Discuss.
3. Discuss the differences between the experimental result and the calculation
result.
9. QUESTIONS
1. How and when do you think that Moment Inertia (I) of the object affect the
results?
2. Explain three (3) applications of Projectile.
3. What happen if we increase the distance between of the platform?
10. CONCLUSION


11. DATA SHEETS
TABLE 2: RESULT
Distance Time (s)

Ave, of
Types the Ave. of
of ball L1 L2 L3 distanc t1 t2 t3 time, t
e L
Golf 1
Golf 2
Squash
The mass of the Golf 1 = _________________gram ;
the diameter of the ball = _________________mm
The mass of the Golf 2 = _________________gram ;
The mass of the squash = _________________gram;
Diameter of the sliding platform, X = __________mm ;
distance, h1 = ____________________cm
The distance between two sliding platform, X1 = _________mm;
distance, h2 = ____________cm
Angle , α = _______°

COURSE INFORMATION
TOPIC: ENERGY CONSERVATION
1. INTRODUCTION
The energy of body is a measure of its capability for doing work. Energy exists in
a variety of forms but it cannot be created or destroyed by human. Energy can
only be transformed. Conservation of energy states that during the motion the sum
of the particle’s kinetic and potential energy remains constant. For this to occur,
kinetic energy must be transformed into potential energy, and vice versa. The
conservation of energy equation is used to solve problem involving velocity,
displacement and conservative forces system.
2. OBJECTIVES
The objective of this experiment is to investigate some aspects of potential energy

and kinetic energy, and to show that, energy exist and can be transformed stored
and given back.
conservation of energy and the application.
Energy exists in a variety of forms but it cannot be created or destroyed. Energy

can only be transformed. When an engineer refers to losses in energy he is only
applying that it is not doing useful work. Because there are ‘losses’ in any
machine the useful energy given out is always less than the energy put in. In other
words:
Input Energy = Useful Energy + Useless Energy,
Or to put it more technically:
Input Energy = Output Energy + losses
There are two types of energy which are called POTENTIAL and KINETIC.
POTENTIAL ENERGY (PE) is the amount of WORK AVAILABLE in a given
body at rest. A weight raised above some datum level is said to possess potential

energy, since it is able to do work in falling to the datum level. KINETIC

ENERGY (KE) is the amount of WORK POSSESSED or stored by a MOVING
body. If the weight described above is allowed to fall freely to the datum level all
the potential energy will be transformed to an equal quantity of Kinetic energy
provided the falling weight encounters no resistance.
WORK = Force x distance moved ……………………. (1)
Therefore if a weight (W) is raised through the distance (H1) the work available is
equal to W x H1, and this amount of energy was given up as the weight fell. See
Fig. 1.
Potential Energy (Initial) = W x H1 ……………………. (2)
Where, W = weigh and h = height of body from the datum
During the test weight (W) ascended to the height (H2). At this final position it
again possesses Potential Energy. Therefore:
Potential Energy (Initial) = W x H2 ……………………. (3)
Losses in PE = WH1 – WH2 ……………………. (4)
Table 1: Energy Conservation Equipment List
No. Apparatus Qty.
1 Panel board 1
2 Flywheel assembly with cord 60 cm long attached 1
3 Nuts 2
4 Weight hook [0.1N] 1
5 Set of weights 1
1. Set up the panel board diagram as shown in Figure 2. Tighten the flywheel
to the top center of the panel board with nuts.
2. Determine the suitable height for h1 ~ 400 mm. Record the value of h1.
Ensure the lowest position for weight hook exactly level with the bottom
edge of the panel.
3. Place a load of 0.7 N to the weight hook. Record the total load, W

4. Then, release the flywheel from the height, h1. Ensure there is no
obstructed during its fall. Wait until the weight reaches the lowest position.
5. While flywheel lifts the load, be careful and mark the level of h2 at the
panel board.
6. Measure the maximum height and record h2.
7. Repeat procedure 3 to 6 using different load, 1.0N, 1.5N, 2.0N, 2.5N and
3.0N.
7. OBSERVATIONS
1. Complete the Table 2. Calculate Potential Energy and Energy Losses

2. Plot a graph of Load, W against energy losses (Wh1-Wh2).
3. Plot a graph of Load, W against height, h2
8. DISCUSSIONS
1. Discuss the graph of Load, W against energy losses (Wh1-Wh2).

2. Discuss the graph of Load, W against height, h2.
3. Judging from H1 and H2, approximately what proportion of the energy
had transformed, stored and given back? Discuss.
4. Did the losses increase as the load increased? Discuss.
9. QUESTIONS
1. Suggest some cause for the losses in Potential Energy.

2. Which was responsible for storing and giving back the energy, the
flywheel or the weight? Discuss.
10. CONCLUSION


W In practical (Refer Figure 1)
Total energy in  Total energy out  energy loss

W Potential energy (initial )  Potential energy (final)  energy loss
Energy loss  Potential energy (initial )  potential energy (final)
h2 h1
Figure 1: Energy Losses Diagram
Clamp Pad
Starting Position
Approximate Finishing Line
H1
H2
Lowest Position
Figure 2: Energy Conservation Apparatus Setup.

11. DATA SHEETS
TABLE 2: RESULT
Weight Potential Energy

Height
load Energy loss
Initial Final Initial Final
h1 h2 P.E1=Wh1 P.E2=Wh2 Wh1 - Wh2

W
(N) (m) (m) (Nm) (Nm) (Nm)
0,8
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0

COURSE INFORMATION
TOPIC: CRANK MOTION
1. INTRODUCTION
In certain types of machines it is necessary to convert straight line (or linear)

motion into circular motion. The most common example is the reciprocating
engine, whether it is a steam or internal combustion engine. Energy is produced in
the cylinder and the piston moves backwards and forwards (or up and down). The
piston transmits its motion via the crosshead and connecting rod, to a point called
the crankpin which is fixed to an arm on the crankshaft. The crankshaft is free to
revolve about a fixed centre so that the crankpin rotates at radius (r); this radius (r)
being equal to half the stroke of the piston. By the link mechanism (called the
crank mechanism) the linear movement of the piston is converted into circular
motion at the crankshaft.
2. OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this experiment are to investigate the characteristics of crank

mechanism by constructing a turning moment graph from experimental results and
comparing the experimental graph with the theoretical graph.
crank motion and the application.
The driving force, called the Turning Moment (TM) is continually changing
during each revolution of the crank. This is partly due to the fact that the force (P)
produced at the piston does NOT remain constant, and partly due to the nature of
the link mechanism. In this experiment, the piston force (P) is ASSUMED to be
constant so that the effect of link mechanism may be considered in detail without
further complication. The Turning Moment (TM) at any instant is equal to F x d,
but both (F) and (d) vary as the crank revolves.
Turning Moment (TM) = R x E = F x d ……(1)
Where, R ~ flywheel radius = 47.5 mm and E ~ Turning Force

Therefore, TM = 47.5 x E and TM = F x d ……(2)
Where, F ~ Force at the cord

d ~ distance between the line of force (F) and the center of
rotation , measured at right angle s to the line of force
(F)
This experiment will show the rate at which Turning Moment (TM) varies and
rate during each the TM is zero. Turning Moment (TM) graph obtained as Figure
1.
Figure 1: TM Graph
Table 1: Simple Pendulum Equipment List
No. Apparatus Qty.

1 Crank Assembly (EX35) 1
2 Adjustable Hook 1
3 10N Spring Balance (P8) 1
4 Adjustable Pulley 1
5 Knurled Nuts 4
6 Weight Hook 1
7 Set of Weights (P) 1
1. Set up panel board as shown in Figure 2.

2. Place a weight of 10N on the weight hook. The weight on the hook will
pull the crank out ‘flat’, a position generally called dead center which is 0
angle = 0˚.
3. Hang the 10N spring balance with adjustable hook. Ensure the value of
spring balance, E = 0.
4. Then, shift the adjustable hook until 0 angle = 10˚. Fix the piston and
record the spring balance reading, E.

5. Repeat step 4 and each time increasing the angle 0 = 10˚. The final angle is
170˚ from zero.
6. Fill in the table.
7. OBSERVATIONS
1. Complete the Table 2. Calculate experimental Turning Moment (TM).

2. Plot a graph of turning moment, TM against crank angle (θ) revolution for
both theoretical and experimental results.
3. On the same graph, plot TM values against crank angle (θ) given above
where W = F x d.
8. DISCUSSIONS

2. Compare results between theoretical Turning Moment and experimental
results.
3. Discuss, at what angle (θ) did the Turning Moment reach maximum?
4. How many maximum TM values are reached during each revolution of the
crank? Discuss.
9. QUESTIONS
1. What are the factors that altered the results of Turning Moment (TM)?
2. Give two (2) examples of Crank Mechanism application. Explain how its
work.
10. CONCLUSION


11. EXPERIMENTAL DIAGRAM
R
Stroke = 2r
r Q
0°
θ L
α
d P = 10.1 N
F
F
Figure 2: Crank Mechanism Diagram
Figure 3: Crank Mechanism Apparatus Setup

12. DATA SHEET
TABLE 2: RESULTS
Turning Moment, TM
Crank Angle Centrifugal Force
Experimental Theoretical
θ (degree) E (N) 47.5 x E(Nmm) (Nmm)
0 0 0 0
10 55,2
20 107,8
30 155,3
40 195,5
50 226,8
60 248,2
70 259,3
80 260,4
90 252,5
100 236,9
110 215,2
120 189,1
130 160.0
140 129,1
150 97,2
160 64,9
170 32,5
180 0 0 0
* Data
180 sheet must approved by the instructor

COURSE INFORMATION
TOPIC: UNIVERSAL COUPLING
1. INTRODUCTION
A flexible coupling or universal joint is frequently used to link with two shafts and
transmit circular motion from the other. Indeed continuous circular motion is
perhaps the single largest thing that mankind produces in the world with the
available energy. A universal joint is simply and combination of machine
elements which transmit rotation from one axis to another.
2. OBJECTIVES
The objective of this experiment is to investigate the effect of introducing

universal couplings to a simple drive shaft and to check the uniformity of angular
movement between the driving and the driven end of the shaft in a straight line
assembly and then again with an angular transmission. A further objective is to
repeat these tests with the couplings set up at incorrect position assembly to see
how this interferes with uniform angular transmission.
At the end of this experiment, students should be able to understand the operating
principles and application of the universal coupling.
Shafts are used to transmit rotary motion and in most cases these shafts rotate in
bearings set in a straight line. However, there are cases where the shaft cannot be
straight and it has to be operated through an angle X, refer Figure 1. A good
example in common use is the shaft which transmit power from a motor car
engine through its gearbox to the back axle to drive the rear wheels. Here the shaft
is generally at an angle and the operation is further complicated by the fact that
the angle varies when the motor car runs over bumps in the road.
Such condition can be satisfied by the use of universal couplings as shown at A

and C in Figure 1. For uniform power transmission the design and assembly of
the two couplings must be carefully considered.

Figure 1: Universal Coupling Diagram
Table 1 : Universal Coupling Equipment List
No. Apparatus Qty.

1 Universal Joint Assembly 1
2 Knurled Screws 2
3 Knurled Nuts 2
6.1 TEST 1
1. Joint assembly to the panel board in a convenient position.

2. Set right coupling so that the shaft is in a straight line. Refer to A-B
position in Figure 2.
3. Now set the right and left coupling scales as 0 degrees. Maintain the
position with tighten the screws D1, D2, D3 and D4. [Refer Figure 3].
4. Based 0 degrees scales, turn the left coupling to 20˚. Then record the
reading of right coupling scale.
5. Repeat step 4, each time increasing the angle by 20˚until 180˚. Record the
reading for right coupling scale.

Figure 2
6.2 TEST 1
1. Refer to Figure 4, re-set both scales to 0 and set both joints starting at 0.
2. Repeat procedure (3) until (5) in test 1.
Figure 3
6.3 TEST 3
1. Remove the right coupling assembly and move it to position C as shown in

Figure 2.
2. Repeat procedure (3) until (5) in test 1.
6.4 TEST 4
1. Repeat procedure (1) and (2) in test 2 same as test 3 procedure.
7. OBSERVATIONS
1. Complete the Table 2.

2. Plot the graph Right Hand Dial against Left Hand Dial Result for Test 1,
Test 2, Test3 and Test 4.
8. DISCUSSIONS

2. Discuss about shaft and coupling in the straight line assembly.
3. Discuss about shaft and coupling in angular assembly.

9. QUESTIONS
1. Give two (2) example of Universal Couplings application in mechanical

engineering.
2. How Universal Coupling works in both example in question 1.
10. CONCLUSION

11. DATA SHEETS
TABLE 2: RESULTS
TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4

Coupling Coupling Coupling Coupling
Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right
0 0 0 0
20 20 20 20
40 40 40 40
60 60 60 60
80 80 80 80
100 100 100 100
120 120 120 120
140 140 140 140
160 160 160 160
180 180 180 180

REFERENCES
REFERENCES
DYNAMICS:
1. Bedford, A. and Fowler, W., 2008. “Engineering Mechanics-Dynamics”, 5th

Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall.
2. Soutas-Little, R.W., Inman, D. J. and Balint, D.S., 2008. “Engineering
Mechanics: Dynamics”, Thomson Learning.
3. Beer, F.P., Johnston, E. R. and Flori, R.E., 2007. “Mechanics for Engineers -
Dynamics”, 5th Edition , Mc Graw Hill.
4. Beer, F.P, Calusen, E.W and Johnson, E.R, 2007. “Vector Mechanics for
Engineers - Dynamics”, 8th SI Edition, McGraw Hill.
5. Hibbeler, R.C., 2007. “Engineering Mechanics –Dynamics”, 11th SI Edition,
Pearson Prentice Hall.
6. Meriam, J.L. and Kraige, L. G., 2003, “Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics”,
5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DYNAMICS LABORATORY
LAPORAN MAKMAL/LABORATORY REPORT
Kod M/Pelajaran/ ENGINEERING
BNJ 27301
Subject Code LABORATORY II
Kod & Tajuk Ujikaji/
Code & Title of Experiment
Kod Kursus/ Seksyen /Section
Course Code
No. K.P / I.C No.
Kumpulan/Group
Nama Pelajar/Name of No. Matrik
Student
Lecturer/Instructor/Tutor’s 1.
Name 2.
Nama Ahli Kumpulan/ No.
Penilaian / Assesment
Group Members Matrik
1. Teori / Theory 10 %
Keputusan /
2. 15 %
Results
Pemerhatian
3. 20 %
/Observation
Pengiraan /
4. 10 %
Calculation
Perbincangan /
5. 25 %
Discussions
Tarikh Ujikaji / Kesimpulan /
15 %
Date of Experiment Conclusion
Tarikh Hantar / Rujukan /
5%
Date of Submission References
JUMLAH / TOTAL 100%
ULASAN PEMERIKSA/COMMENTS
COP DITERIMA/APPROVED
STAMP

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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

Faculty Of Engineering Technology

COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING LABORATORY II (BNJ 17101)

TOPIC: SIMPLE PENDULUM

Where, (g) is the acceleration due to gravity

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

Table 1: Simple Pendulum Equipment List

No. Apparatus Qty.

1. Prepare the panel board as shown in Figure 1.

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

1. Discuss the graphs obtained.

Deduce conclusions from the experiment. Please comment on your experimental

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

11. EXPERIMENT APPARATUS SET UP

Figure 1: Simple Pendulum Apparatus

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

12. DATA SHEETS

The Plumb Bob A Plumb Bob B Plumb Bob C

The time for 20 swings

* Data sheet must approved by the instructor

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING LABORATORY II (BNJ 17101)

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

4.1 Ball movement on the plane: From A to B

At point A, ball has a Potential Energy =

The sum of energy at point B =

Due to the law of conservation of energy,

The sum of energy at A = The sum of energy at B

If no sliding (gelinciran) happened , u  wr2 , where r2 =OH – S

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

4.2 Ball free-fall movement : From B to C

AT B, ball will move with a velocity U,

a. Time, t when the ball drop at the height of h2 could be obtained

b. Horizontal distance, L when the ball landing at the ground could be

Table 1: Projectile Equipment List

No. Apparatus Qty.

1 Sliding platform / plane 1

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

1. Complete the Table 2.

Deduce conclusions from the experiment. Please comment on your experimental

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

11. DATA SHEETS

Distance Time (s)

The mass of the Golf 1 = _________________gram ;

the diameter of the ball = _________________mm

The mass of the Golf 2 = _________________gram ;

the diameter of the ball = _________________mm

The mass of the squash = _________________gram;

the diameter of the ball = _________________mm

Diameter of the sliding platform, X = __________mm ;

The distance between two sliding platform, X1 = _________mm;

* Data sheet must approved by the instructor

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING LABORATORY II (BNJ 17101)

TOPIC: ENERGY CONSERVATION

The objective of this experiment is to investigate some aspects of potential energy

Energy exists in a variety of forms but it cannot be created or destroyed. Energy

Input Energy = Useful Energy + Useless Energy,

Or to put it more technically:

Input Energy = Output Energy + losses

BNJ 27301-Edition I/2016

energy, since it is able to do work in falling to the datum level. KINETIC

WORK = Force x distance moved ……………………. (1)