PRE LAB

EXPERIMENT : PU2 – HARMONICS

DATE : 2 OCT 2018
GROUP : A23

1. Define the term of harmonics.

The term of harmonic is defined a signal or wave at the ratio of the frequency to the
frequency of the reference signal or wave. Almost every signal has infinitely many
harmonics which means if the signals occur at frequencies of even numbers, etc. are called
even harmonics and for the frequencies of odd numbers are called odd harmonics.
Furthermore, a component frequency of a complex wave as of electromagnetic energy that is
an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency.

2. Describe the working mechanism of a Power Quality Analyzer, especially the FLUKE
435.

Fluke 435 helps to troubleshoot and discovered the energy saving the performance of motors
and generators before they cause downtime, as well as to capture every waveform up to 5
minutes long with fast ems values in order to determine on how the voltage, current and
frequency interact.. Besides that, Power Quality Analyzer can identify the available electrical
system capacity before the loads are added.
3. What are the mathematical expressions (equations) employed in describing harmonics.
Discuss their usefulness and limitations.

√𝑉22 + 𝑉32 + 𝑉42 + ⋯

𝑇𝐻𝐷𝐹 =
𝑉1
An advantage of this expression is can increase the value of current in the system.
Technically this is the case for the third harmonics which causes a sharp increase in zero
sequence current, aftermath increase the current in the neutral conductor. For limitations,
electrics motor experience losses due to the eddy current set up in iron core of the motor.
These are proportional to the frequency of the current that resulting higher core losses in a
motor than the power frequency would.