OS-T - 1090 - Linear Transient Heat Transfer Analysis of An Extended Surface Heat Transfer Fin

29/01/2019 OS-T: 1090: Linear Transient Heat Transfer Analysis of an Extended Surface Heat Transfer Fin
OS-T: 1090: Linear Transient Heat Transfer Analysis of an

Extended Surface Heat Transfer Fin
This tutorial outlines the procedure to perform a linear transient heat transfer analysis on a
steel extended-surface heat transfer fin attached to the outer surface of a system generating
heat flux (Example: IC engine). The extended surface heat transfer fin analyzed in this tutorial
is one of many from an array of such fins connected to the system. The fins draw heat away
from the outer surface of the system and dissipate it to the surrounding air. The process of
heat transfer out of the fin depends upon the flow of air around the fin (Free or forced
convection). In the current tutorial, the focus is on transient heat transfer through heat flux
loading and free convection dissipation.
An extended surface heat transfer fin made of steel is illustrated in Figure 1. To meet certain structural design
requirements, the fin is bent at 90° at approximately a quarter of its length.
Tip: A free convection analysis is conducted in this tutorial; however, if forced fluid flow (forced convection) is
allowed over the outer surface of the system, then offsetting the fins from each other periodically, interrupts the
growth of a thermal boundary layer and a reduction in flow velocity occurs due to form drag, resulting in a higher
heat transfer rate.
Figure 1. Extended Surface Heat Transfer Fin for Convective and Conductive Transient Heat Transfer
The extended surface heat transfer fin shown in Figure 1 is meshed with CHEXA elements in HyperMesh and a
transient heat transfer analysis is performed in HyperMesh using the Altair OptiStruct solver. A typical heat flux load
of 100 KW/m2 is applied to the face connected to the outer surface of the system. An ambient temperature of 25°C is
assumed and all material properties are assumed to remain constant with temperature and time. Free (Natural)
convection is assumed over the entire surface of the material, wherein heat transfer between the surface of the fin
and the surrounding air occurs due to a complex mechanism of density differences as a result of temperature
gradients.
Tip: In its simplest form, natural convection can be explained as the transfer of heat from the hot surface to a
layer of cold air just above it, leading to an increase of temperature within that layer causing a drop in air density.
The hot air (less dense) then rises vacating space for a layer of cold air (more dense) that takes its place and so on in
https://altairhyperworks.com/hwhelp/Altair/2017/help/os/topics/solvers/extended_surface_heat_transfer_fin_r.htm#extended_surface_heat_trans… 1/19
a continuous pattern until (if) steady-state is reached. In reality, however, the process of natural convection is highly
complex due to the complexities in fluid flow and extensive experimental correlation is required for accurate
analysis.
Prerequisites
1. The latest version of Altair HyperMesh, Altair HyperView and Altair OptiStruct software installations. Transient
heat transfer analysis is available only in Altair HyperMesh version-12.0.110, Altair HyperView version-12.0.110
and Altair OptiStruct version-12.0.202 and later.
2. The heat_transfer_fin.fem solver deck is available from the optistruct.zip file. Refer to Accessing the Model
Files.
Figure 2. Heat Exchanger Fin Model for Transient Heat Transfer Analysis
Linear Transient Heat Transfer Analysis Overview

Linear transient heat transfer analysis can be used to calculate the temperature distribution in a system with respect
to time. The applied thermal loads can either be time-dependent or time-invariant; transient thermal analysis is used
to capture the thermal behavior of a system over a specific period in time.
The basic finite element equation for transient heat transfer analysis is given by:
EQ. 3.
.
[C] {T } + ([K] + [H ]) {T } = {p}
Where,
[C] is the heat capacity matrix
[K] is the conductivity matrix
[H] is the boundary convection matrix due to free convection

.
{T } is the temperature derivative with respect to time
{T} is the unknown nodal temperature
{p} is the thermal loading vector.
The differential equation (Figure 3) is solved to find nodal temperature {T} at the specified time steps. The difference
.
between Figure 3 and the steady-state heat transfer equation is the term, [C] {T } that captures the transient nature
of the analysis.
Checkpoint
Steady-state heat transfer analysis, generally, is sufficient for a wide variety of applications. However, in situations
where the system properties vary significantly over time the transient nature of heat transfer must be considered.
Some examples are the relatively slow heating up of airplane gas turbine compressor disks compared to the turbine
casing leading to aerodynamic issues during takeoff or the analysis of the time taken for the onset of frostbite in
fingers or toes.
Launching HyperMesh and Setting the OptiStruct User Profile
1. Launch HyperMesh.
The User Profile dialog appears.
2. Select OptiStruct and click OK

OK.
This loads the user profile. It includes the appropriate template, macro menu, and import reader, paring down
the functionality of HyperMesh to what is relevant for generating models for OptiStruct.
Importing the Model
1. Click File > (and then) Import > (and then) Solver Deck.
Deck
An Import tab is added to your tab menu.
2. For the File type, select OptiStruct

OptiStruct.
3. Select the Files icon .

A Select OptiStruct file browser opens.
4. Select the heat_transfer_fin.fem file you saved to your working directory from the optistruct.zip file.
Refer to Accessing the Model Files.
5. Click Open
Open.
6. Click Import
Import, then click Close to close the Import tab.
Setting Up the Model
Creating Thermal Material and Property
The imported model only contains the component and predefined element sets for boundary condition creation.
Now create a thermal material that can be assigned to this component.
1. In the Model Browser, right-click and select Create > (and then) Material
Material.
A default MAT1 material displays in the Entity Editor.
2. For Name, enter steel .
3. For Card Image, select MAT4 and click Yes to confirm.
4. Enter the following material property values for the MAT4 data entry.
[K] Thermal Conductivity 7.3 x 10-2W/mm °C
[CP] Heat Capacity at constant pressure 508J/Kg °C
[RHO] Density of the material 7.9 x 10-6Kg/mm3
[H] Coefficient of heat transfer 4 x 10-5W/mm2°C
Figure 4.
Since you are conducting a purely heat transfer analysis, structural isotropic properties (for example, MAT1
card) are not required. Also, it is assumed that the thermal material properties (MAT4) are temperature
independent.
A new material, steel, is created with thermal properties necessary for a transient heat transfer analysis.
Now, create the solid property for this model referencing the PSOLID entry and connect the material, steel, to
this property; the property can then be assigned to the existing component.
5. In the Model Browser, right-click and select Create > (and then) Property
Property.
A default PSHELL property displays in the Entity Editor.
6. For Name, enter solid .
7. For Card Image, select PSOLID and click Yes to confirm.
8. For Material, click Unspecified > (and then) Material

Material.
9. In the Select Material dialog, select steel and click OK

OK.
Figure 5.
Linking Thermal Material and Property to the Structure
Once the material and property are defined, they need to be linked to the structure.
1. In the Model Browser, click the component auto1

auto1.
The Entity Editor opens.
2. For Property
Property, click Unspecified > (and then) Property
Property.
3. In the Select Property dialog, select solid and click OK

OK.
The material steel now is automatically linked to the component auto1.
Figure 6.
Creating Transient Heat Transfer Analysis Time Steps
A transient analysis captures the behavior of the system over a specific period of time. Therefore, a time period of
interest for your system is defined. A time period of 500 seconds (8 minutes, 20 seconds) is defined with results
output every 10 seconds. A load collector is created for this purpose and the TSTEP entry is referenced, as shown
below.
1. In the Model Browser, right-click and select Create > (and then) Load Collector.
Collector
2. For Name, enter Time Steps .
3. For Card Image, select TSTEP

TSTEP.
4. For TSTEP_NUM, enter a value of 1 .
5. Click and enter the number of time steps (N) = 50 and set each time increment (DT) to 10 .
This encompasses a total time period of 500 seconds in which to capture the behavior of the system.
Figure 7.
6. Click Close
Close.
Creating Transient Heat Transfer Analysis Initial Conditions
Since the temperature profile of the system varies over time, the initial grid point temperature profile must be set to
specify the starting point for the analysis. You assume that the temperature of the entire system is equal to 25°C at
T=0 seconds, the TEMPD bulk data entry sets the initial temperatures.
Collector
2. For Name, enter Initial Conditions .
3. For Card Image, select TEMPD

TEMPD.
4. For T1, enter a value of 25 .

Figure 8.
Applying Ambient Temperature Boundary Conditions
Ambient temperature thermal boundary conditions is applied on the model by creating specific load collectors for
each. The ambient temperature is controlled using an SPCD entry, as this will allow an ambient temperature
variation over time to help mimic such physical requirements (if any).
Creating a Time-variant Ambient Temperature
A time variable ambient temperature can be created by referencing an SPCD entry via a TLOAD1 data entry. The time
variable nature of the ambient temperature can be captured using a TABLED1 entry also referenced by the TLOAD1
data.
Collector
2. For Name, enter Ambient SPCD TLOAD1 .
3. For Card Image, select TLOAD1

TLOAD1.
The TLOAD1 fields will be updated after the creation of the corresponding SPCD and TABLED1 data entries.
4. Create another load collector named Ambient SPCD,

SPCD and for Card Image, select None
None.
The newly created Ambient SPCD load collector is the current load collector (look at the right bottom corner of
the screen to verify that Ambient SPCD is displayed).
5. If the Ambient SPCD load collector is not specified, right-click Ambient SPCD in the Model Browser and click
Make Current.
Current
Figure 9. Displaying the Current Load Collector - Ambient SPCD
6. Next, create the amplitude (constant part) of the time variant ambient temperature using an SPCD data entry.
Click BCs > (and then) Create > (and then) Constraints
Constraints.
7. The ambient temperature is set by using the SPCD data entry to control an existing node outside the actual
structure. In the Constraints panel, click nodes > (and then) by id,
id enter 5672 in the id= field and press Enter
Enter.
The ambient node is highlighted in the Entity Editor above the structure.
8. Enter 5.0 in the size= field and uncheck the boxes beside all the degrees of freedom (dof1 through dof6) and
enter 0.0 in all the fields next to the dof#.
9. For load types =, select SPCD

SPCD.
Figure 10. Creating an SPCD entry to control the ambient temperature.
10. Click create/edit and enter 25.0 in the D field on the SPCD data entry.
This creates an SPCD referencing the ambient node specifying a temperature of 25°C.
11. Click return twice to go back to the Analysis page.
12. Next, create another load collector to define the time variant nature of the ambient temperature. This is done
by specifying a TABLED1 entry referenced by the previously created TLOAD1 entry.
13. Create a new load collector named Ambient SPCD Table,

Table and set the Card Image as TABLED1
TABLED1.
14. For TABLED1_NUM, enter 2 and press Enter.
15. In the table, enter x(1) = 0.0 , y(1) = 1.0 , x(2) = 500.0 , and y(2) = 1.0 .
16. Click Close.
Tip: In this tutorial, a constant ambient temperature (the values of y(1) and y(2) are the same leading to a
constant temperature distribution over the first 500 seconds) is defined; however, this demonstrates the
procedure to use a TABLED1 entry to specify a time variant ambient temperature as well. To do this, specify
different values for the y# fields and depending on the type of variation required, select from LINEAR or LOG
options.
Checkpoint
The SPCD and its corresponding table are linked to the previously created TLOAD1 entry.
Figure 11. Process to specify a time-variant SPCD
17. In the Model Browser, click the Ambient SPCD TLOAD1 load collector.
It is displayed in the Entity Editor.
18. For EXCITEID, select the Ambient SPCD load collector from the menu.
19. For TYPE, select DISP

DISP, then click TID and select the Ambient SPCD Table load collector menu.
All entities referenced by SPCD entries should also be constrained by SPC data entries. The value of the
corresponding SPC referencing an ambient point controlled via an SPCD by TLOAD1/2 entries should be equal
to zero (0.0).
20. Create a new load collector named Ambient SPC and for Card Image, select None
None.
21. Make sure that the newly created load collector Ambient SPC is current and click BCs > (and then) Create >
(and then) Constraints and click nodes in the Constraints panel.
22. Select by id from the extended menu, enter 5672 and press Enter.
The ambient node is highlighted in the modeling window above the structure.
23. Enter 5.0 in the size= field and uncheck the boxes beside all the degrees of freedom (dof1 through dof6) and
enter 0.0 in all the fields next to the dof#.
24. For load types =, select SPC .

Figure 12. Creating the SPC Boundary Condition
25. Click create/edit and enter 0.0 in the D field on the SPC data entry.
This creates an SPC referencing the same ambient node that is controlled by the SPCD data entry.
Applying Heat Flux Load
Ambient temperature thermal boundary conditions have been assigned to the model and heat flux load from the
outer surface of the engine (to which the fin is attached) is applied on the model. A time-varying heat flux load of 0
to 0.1 W/mm2 from 0 to 500 seconds is used for the analysis of this fin. This load is applied on the model by creating
specific load collectors for the corresponding TLOAD1, QBDY1 and TABLED1 entries similar to the procedure used for
the ambient temperature SPCD definition.
Creating a Time-variant Linearly Increasing Heat Flux Load
A time variable ambient temperature can be created by referencing an SPCD entry via a TLOAD1 data entry. The time
variable nature of the ambient temperature can be captured using a TABLED1 entry also referenced by the TLOAD1
data.
1. Create a new load collector named Heat Flux TLOAD1 and select TLOAD1 as the Card Image.
The TLOAD1 fields will be updated after the creation of the corresponding QBDY1 and TABLED1 data entries.
2. Create another load collector named Heat Flux QBDY1 and select None as the Card Image.
The newly created Heat Flux QBDY1 load collector is the current load collector (look at the right bottom corner
of the screen to verify if Heat Flux QBDY1 is displayed).
3. If the Heat Flux QBDY1 load collector is not specified, right-click Heat Flux QBDY1 in the Entity Editor and click
Make Current.
Current
Figure 13. Displaying the Current Load Collector - Heat Flux QBDY1
4. An interface is now created between the heat flux source and the solid elements on the surface of the fin. This
is done by clicking BCs > (and then) Create > (and then) Interfaces and specifying conduction_interface in
the Name field of the Create group dialog.
5. For Card Image, select CONDUCTION from the drop-down menu and click Yes to confirm.
6. For Slave Entity IDs, click on the yellow Elements panel.

A panel appears under the modeling window.
7. Click on the switch button beside elems and select faces from the list.
8. Click the highlighted solid elems and select by sets from the selection menu.
9. Check the box next to Element_set_Flux and click select

select.
The predefined element set is now highlighted in white on the model.
Figure 14. Highlighted Element Set is Displayed in White
Tip: The break angle helps find adjacent solid faces for the same element set, however, since this surface
element set generation requires only one face, the value of the break angle is not germane in this situation.
10. Click nodes and select the nodes in the Figure 15.
Figure 15. Selecting the Nodes on the Highlighted Surface for Conduction Surface Element Creation
11. Click add and return to go back to the Create group dialog.
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12. Click Close

Close.
A conduction interface is created because QBDY1 data can only reference surface elements and the
conduction interface helps us create a set of surface elements at the surface where heat flux is input.
Figure 16. Newly Generated Surface Elements are Displayed in Blue
13. Next, create the amplitude (constant part) of the time variant heat flux using a QBDY1 data entry. Do this by
clicking on BCs > (and then) Create > (and then) Flux
Flux.
Figure 17. Accessing the Flux Creation Panel
14. Click elems

elems, select by group and select conduction_interface
conduction_interface.
The newly created surface elements are highlighted in white on the model.
15. Enter 0.1 in the value= field and select QBDY1 in the load types = field. Specify any low value in the
magnitude% =field to assign a value to the size of the display label for the flux load.
Figure 18. Heat Flux Load Panel
16. Click create and return to go back to the Analysis page.
17. Next, create another load collector to define the linear time variant nature of the heat flux. This is done by
specifying a TABLED1 entry referenced by the previously created TLOAD1 entry.
18. Create a new load collector named Heat Flux Table and select TABLED1 as the Card Image.
19. For TABLED1_NUM, enter 2 and press Enter.
20. Click next to Data. In the pop-out window, enter x(1) = 0.0 ,y(1) = 0.0 , x(2) = 500.0 and y(2) = 1.0 .
Tip: In this tutorial, a linearly incremental heat flux load (the values of y(1) and y(2) are 0 and 1 leading to
a linearly increasing heat flux distribution over the first 500 seconds) is defined.
Checkpoint
The QBDY1 flux load and its corresponding table are linked to the previously created TLOAD1 entry.
Figure 19. Process to Specify a Time-Variant SPCD
21. In the Model Browser, click the Heat Flux TLOAD1 load collector.
The entry is displayed in the Entity Editor below.
22. For Card Image, select TLOAD1

TLOAD1.
23. For EXCITEID, select the Heat Flux QBDY1 load collector from the pop-out table and click OK
OK.
24. For TYPE, select LOAD

LOAD, then click TID and select the Heat Flux Table from the pop-out table and click OK
OK.
Adding Free Convection
Free convection is assigned in a similar manner to the procedure used for the creation of the conduction interface.
Free convection is, however, automatically assigned to all heat transfer subcases and the PCONV and CONV entries
should refer to the material, steel, and the ambient temperature. The ambient temperature calculates the amount of
heat transferred through free convection.
Creating Surface Elements for Free Convection
Surface elements are to be created to simulate the heat exchange between the fin surface and the surrounding air. A
predefined element set Element_set_convection, which contains the solid elements on the outer surface of the fin
defines the surface elements at the interface.
1. An interface is now created between the surrounding air and the solid elements on the surface of the fin. This
is done by clicking BCs > (and then) Create > (and then) Interfaces and specifying convection_interface in
the Name field of the Create group pop-up table.
2. For Card Image, select CONVECTION from the drop-down menu and click Yes to confirm.
3. For Slave Entity IDs, click on the yellow Elements panel.

A panel appears under the modeling window.
4. Click on the switch button beside elems and select faces from the list.
5. Click the highlighted solid elems and select by sets from the selection menu.
6. Select element set Element_set_Convection and click select

select. The predefined element set is now highlighted in
white on the model.
Figure 20. The Highlighted Element Set is Displayed in White
7. Click nodes next to face nodes

nodes, this highlights the same element set in black. Click any four nodes on all
highlighted faces of the model as shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22 and specify a break angle of 89° .
Tip: The break angle helps find adjacent solid faces for the same element set, all adjacent faces with the
angle between surface normals less than the specified break angle are selected for surface element creation.
8. Click add and return to go back to the Analysis page.
9. Click the MID field and select steel from the menu.
Figure 21. Selecting the Nodes on Four of the Seven Highlighted Surfaces for Convection Surface Element Creation
Figure 22. Selecting Nodes on the Three Remaining Highlighted Surfaces for the Creation of a Convection Interface
The newly created CHBDYE surface elements are displayed in yellow, as shown in Figure 23 below.
Figure 23. Newly generated CHBBDYE Surface Elements are Displayed in Yellow on the Model
A new group convection_interface is created in the Model Browser.
10. Click Close

Close.
11. Next, the convection boundary condition is defined by referencing the ambient temperature in the CONV data
entry. This is done by clicking on the Card Edit icon and selecting the elems entry.
12. Click elems >> by group and select convection_interface from the menu.
13. Click config= and select slave4

slave4.
14. Click type= and select CHBDYE4

CHBDYE4.
15. Click edit and go to the CHBDYE Card Image panel.
16. Check the box beside CONV. Click TA1 and input the ambient node ID 5672 .
Combining TLOAD1 Entries into a DLOAD Entry
Two different TLOAD1 entries have been defined and since they are to be referenced in the same subcase they
should be combined using a DLOAD data entry.
1. Create a new load collector named Combined Flux and Convection and select DLOAD as the card image.
2. For S, enter 1.0 .
3. As only a simple linear addition of the two TLOAD1 entries are required, for DLOAD_NUM, enter 2 and press
Enter.
4. Click next to Data below the DLOAD_NUM field. In the DLOAD_NUM pop-up window, enter S(1) = 1.0 and
S(2) = 1.0 .
5. For L(1), select Ambient SPCD TLOAD1 from the menu and for L(2), select Heat Flux TLOAD1 from the menu.
6. Click Close
Close.
Checkpoint
The DLOAD entry is created as a linear combination of two TLOAD1 entries - Heat Flux TLOAD1 and Ambient
SPCD TLOAD1.
Figure 24. Process to Specify a Time-variant SPCD
Creating a Transient Heat Transfer Load Step
An OptiStruct transient heat transfer loadstep is created which references the time steps in the load collector Time
Steps, the initial conditions in the load collector Initial Conditions, the heat flux and free convection setup in the load
collector Combined Flux and Convection, and the SPC boundary condition in the load collector Ambient SPC. The
gradient, flux, and temperature output for the heat transfer analysis is also requested in the Loadsteps panel.
1. In the Model Browser, right-click and select Create > (and then) Load Step.
Step
2. For Name, enter transient heat transfer .
3. Click the Analysis type field and select Heat transfer (transient) from the drop-down menu.
4. For SPC, click Unspecified > (and then) Loadcol

Loadcol.
5. In the Select Loadcol dialog, select Ambient SPC from the list of load collectors and click OK to complete the
SPC selection.
6. For IC, select Initial Conditions.

Conditions
7. For TSTEP, select Time Steps.

Steps
8. For DLOAD, select Combined Flux and Convection.

Convection
9. Check the box next to Output.
10. Activate the options of FLUX and THERMAL on the sub-list.
11. Activate the FORMAT fields for both outputs and select H3D format.
format
12. Activate the OPTION fields for both outputs and select ALL
ALL.
The FORMAT and OUTPUT fields for THERMAL output may open up a new window. Click on the first field in the
window to select the corresponding values.
Note: FLUX and THERMAL output can also be requested in control cards panel on Analysis page.
Submitting the Job
1. From the Analysis page, click the OptiStruct panel.

Figure 25. Accessing the OptiStruct Panel
2. Click save as.

as
3. In the Save As dialog, specify location to write the OptiStruct model file and enter
heat_transfer_fin_complete for filename.
For OptiStruct input decks, .fem is the recommended extension.
4. Click Save
Save.
The input file field displays the filename and location specified in the Save As dialog.
5. Set the export options toggle to all

all.
6. Set the run options toggle to analysis

analysis.
7. Set the memory options toggle to memory default.

default
8. Click OptiStruct to launch the OptiStruct job.
If the job is successful, new results files should be in the directory where the heat_transfer_fin_complete.fem was
written. The heat_transfer_fin_complete.out file is a good place to look for error messages that could help debug
the input deck if any errors are present.
Viewing Results
Grid temperatures, element temperature gradients and flux contour results are computed for the transient heat
transfer analysis and HyperView are used to post-process the results.
1. From the OptiStruct panel, click HyperView

HyperView.
HyperView is launched and the results are loaded. A message window appears to inform of the successful
model and result files loading into HyperView.
2. Click Close to close the message window, if one appears.
3. On the Results toolbar, click to open the Contour panel.
4. Select the first pull-down menu below Result type and select Grid Temperatures(s)
Temperatures(s).
Figure 26. Contour Plot Panel in HyperView
5. Click Apply
Apply, select Time = 5.0000000E+02 from the Results Browser.
A contour plot of grid temperatures at the final time step is created as shown in Figure 27.
Figure 27. Grid Temperature Contour for the Final Time Step (500 seconds) - WITH FREE CONVECTION
Checkpoint
In Figure 27, this is the grid point temperature plot after 500 seconds. The system is input a linearly increasing heat
flux from 0 to 0.1 W/mm2 from 0 to 500 seconds respectively. Therefore, a physical correlation can be the effect of
starting an IC engine to full capacity wherein the flux transmitted to the outer surface linearly increases with time.
Note that the flux patterns in actuality may be different and may fluctuate based on the duration of the power
cycles. The maximum temperature of 81.3°C predictably occurs at the elements closest to the heat flux loading site
and the minimum temperature of 29.5°C occurs at elements farthest from the heat source.
6. Click Apply
Apply, select Time = 2.0000000E+01 from the Results Browser.
A contour plot of grid temperatures is created, as shown in Figure 28.
Figure 28. Grid Temperature Contour Plot after 20 Seconds - WITH FREE CONVECTION
7. Select the first pull-down menu below Result type and select Element Fluxes (V).
(V)
8. Click Apply
Apply, select Time = 5.0000000E+02 from the Results Browser to view the element flux results after 500
seconds in Figure 30.
In a practical setting, you can also see the effect of free convection in the reduction of temperature at the outer
surface of the system. Convection (due to the extended surface area) allows a larger amount of heat to be drawn out
of the system when compared to the absence of an extended surface fin. This is evident in the temperature of the
outer surface of the system after 500 seconds in the absence of convection heat loss.
Figure 29. Grid Temperature Contour Plot after 500 Seconds - WITHOUT FREE CONVECTION
The maximum temperature at the outer surface of the heat source system is 125.3°C which is an increase of 44°C in
500 seconds. Therefore using an extended surface fin is a very effective way to reduce the temperature of a system.
Figure 30. Contour Plot of Element Fluxes after 500 Seconds

OS-T - 1090 - Linear Transient Heat Transfer Analysis of An Extended Surface Heat Transfer Fin

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29/01/2019 OS-T: 1090: Linear Transient Heat Transfer Analysis of an Extended Surface Heat Transfer Fin

OS-T: 1090: Linear Transient Heat Transfer Analysis of an

Linear Transient Heat Transfer Analysis Overview

[C] {T } + ([K] + [H ]) {T } = {p}

[C] is the heat capacity matrix

[K] is the conductivity matrix

[H] is the boundary convection matrix due to free convection

{T } is the temperature derivative with respect to time

{T} is the unknown nodal temperature

{p} is the thermal loading vector.

Launching HyperMesh and Setting the OptiStruct User Profile

2. Select OptiStruct and click OK

Importing the Model

2. For the File type, select OptiStruct

3. Select the Files icon .

Setting Up the Model

Creating Thermal Material and Property

2. For Name, enter steel .

3. For Card Image, select MAT4 and click Yes to confirm.

[K] Thermal Conductivity 7.3 x 10-2W/mm °C

[CP] Heat Capacity at constant pressure 508J/Kg °C

[RHO] Density of the material 7.9 x 10-6Kg/mm3

[H] Coefficient of heat transfer 4 x 10-5W/mm2°C

6. For Name, enter solid .

7. For Card Image, select PSOLID and click Yes to confirm.

8. For Material, click Unspecified > (and then) Material

9. In the Select Material dialog, select steel and click OK

Linking Thermal Material and Property to the Structure

1. In the Model Browser, click the component auto1

3. In the Select Property dialog, select solid and click OK

Creating Transient Heat Transfer Analysis Time Steps

2. For Name, enter Time Steps .

3. For Card Image, select TSTEP

4. For TSTEP_NUM, enter a value of 1 .

Creating Transient Heat Transfer Analysis Initial Conditions

2. For Name, enter Initial Conditions .

3. For Card Image, select TEMPD

4. For T1, enter a value of 25 .

Applying Ambient Temperature Boundary Conditions

Creating a Time-variant Ambient Temperature

2. For Name, enter Ambient SPCD TLOAD1 .

3. For Card Image, select TLOAD1

4. Create another load collector named Ambient SPCD,

9. For load types =, select SPCD

11. Click return twice to go back to the Analysis page.

13. Create a new load collector named Ambient SPCD Table,

14. For TABLED1_NUM, enter 2 and press Enter.

16. Click Close.

19. For TYPE, select DISP

24. For load types =, select SPC .

26. Click return twice to go back to the Analysis page.

Applying Heat Flux Load

Creating a Time-variant Linearly Increasing Heat Flux Load

6. For Slave Entity IDs, click on the yellow Elements panel.

9. Check the box next to Element_set_Flux and click select

12. Click Close

14. Click elems

16. Click create and return to go back to the Analysis page.

19. For TABLED1_NUM, enter 2 and press Enter.

Figure 19. Process to Specify a Time-Variant SPCD

22. For Card Image, select TLOAD1

24. For TYPE, select LOAD

Adding Free Convection