HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING UTILITIES 1

Building Utilities 1 (Plumbing and Sanitary) 1

 BUILDING
UTILITIES 1

10
HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
Building Utilities 1 (Plumbing and Sanitary) 2
Plumbing Materials
1.0) INTRODUCTION
 There are numerous kind of materials available for plumbing
installation but so far, the most popular commonly used are:
1. Cast Iron Soil Pipe
2. Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe
3. Asbestos Pipe
4. Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
5. Lead Pipe
6. Vitrified Clay Pipe
7. Galvanized Steel Pipe
8. Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe
9. Brass Pipe
10. Copper Pipe
11. Plastic or Synthetic Pipe
12. Stainless Steel Pipe
Plumbing Materials
1.0) INTRODUCTION
 Not all of these materials enumerated however, will be used
in one plumbing system installation. The choice of the kind of
pipe to be installed, depends upon the following
consideration:
1. Quality and durability
2. Resistance to external and internal contact with foreign
matters.
3. Resistance to acid waste and other chemical elements that
will pass into it.
4. Cost of materials and labor.
 Sometimes a combination of two or more types of plumbing
materials, are used to suit the purpose intended for the
installation, while availing of the advantages it offer to
plumbing.
Plumbing Materials
1.2) CAST IRON
 For the past several decades, the most popular and
generally specified materials for drainage system in buildings
is the cast iron pipe. It is durable, conveniently installed and
answer to the most plumbing needs of all types of buildings
less than 25 storey high. However, buildings taller than 25
storey do not specify the used of cast iron pipe because
constant vibrations which causes water leak of the pipe
joints.
 To certain extent, cast iron pipe is also affected by corrosion
caused by the action of carbon dioxide, sulfur oxide and
methane gases forming solutions of carbonic acid and
sulfuric acid. Theses acids attack the metallic material
causing a slow chemical reaction or oxidation to take place
forming ferrous oxide called rust.
Plumbing Materials
1.2) CAST IRON
 Most popular and generally specified material for drainage
installation
 Durable, conveniently installed (< 5 storey)
 Commercial length: 600 cm
 Diameters: 50-150 mm
 Two Types
◦ SV Type – generally used; for building installations
◦ XV Type – extra duty; for underground installations

 4 VARIETIES of CAST IRON

1. Standard Pipe
2. Single Hub Pipe
3. Double Hub Pipe
4. Hubless Pipe
Plumbing Materials
1.2) CAST IRON
Plumbing Materials
2.0) ACID RESISTANT CAST IRON PIPE
 Is made from alloy of cast iron and silicon. It is widely
used in chemical laboratories, industries and other
installations where acid wastes are being discharge.
 Made of an alloy of cast iron and silicon
 Installed where acid wastes are being discharge
 Brittle
 Four Varieties
◦ Standard
◦ Single Hub
◦ Double Hub
◦ Hubless
Plumbing Materials
2.0) ACID RESISTANT CAST IRON PIPE
Plumbing Materials
3.0) ASBESTOS PIPE
 Asbestos pipe is made of asbestos fiber and
Portland cement.
 The thickness of the pipe is twice as that of the
standard cast iron pipe.
 Asbestos pipe could be used as soil, waste,
ventilation and downspout.
 This kind of pipe is remarkably superior for
embedment in concrete structure for having the
same material properties.
Plumbing Materials
3.0) ASBESTOS PIPE
Plumbing Materials
4.0) BITUMINOUS FIBER SEWER PIPE
 Bituminous fiber sewer pipe is the cheapest among the sewer
pipes. It is sometimes recommended for house sewer and for
septic tank installation. This type of pipe is light in weight, slightly
flexible which could take slight soil movement without danger of
cracking or pulling out from its joint. However, excessive hot water
or chemical flow may soften or damage the pipe.
Plumbing Materials
5.0) VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE
 Vitrified clay pipe is one of the oldest materials used
for sewer lines. It is made out of clay, cast into length
of 75 centimetres treated with glazing compound. The
pipe is heated in a large kiln under a temperature of
1370 degrees Celsius, making it impervious to
moisture. Clay pipe is highly resistant to most acid
waste. It is durable material for underground
installation like public sewer, house sewer or storm
drain. Being made of clay, its physical property.
Plumbing Materials
6.0) LEAD PIPE
 Lead Pipe is also one of the oldest plumbing materials
used by the Egyptians, the Greeks and the Roman
builders as soil and waste pipe. Lead is highly resistant
to acid and is suitable for underground installation. But
because lead is poisonous and injurious to human
health, it is never used to convey water for human
consumption.
Plumbing Materials
7.0) GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE
 Galvanized steel pipe is made out from mild steel,
drawn through a die and welded, cast iron 6.00 meters
long. This type of pipe is easily corroded by alkaline
and acid water. The carbonic acid in water, attack the
zinc coating and ultimately the steel itself. It is subject
to deposits of salt and lime that gradually accumulate
and finally choke the follow of water. Galvanized steel
pipe deteriorate faster when used as hot water supply
line.
Plumbing Materials
8.0) GALVANIZED WROUGHT IRON PIPE
 Galvanized wrought iron pipe is better in quality than
the steel pipe for plumbing installation. Test showed
that wrought iron pipe is more resistant to acid waste
than the steel pipe.
Plumbing Materials
9.0) BRASS PIPE
 Brass pipe is one of the most expensive types of pipe.
This pipe is made of all an alloy or zinc and copper
mixed at 15% and 85% proportion respectively.
Because of its smooth interior surface and high
resistance to acid, brass pipe become superior
material for waste and water supply installation. Brass
pipe fittings are of the recessed type similar in design
with galvanized steel pipe.
Plumbing Materials
10.) COPPER PIPE
 Copper pipe is durable and extremely corrosive
resistant material. It is easy to install compared with
other types of pipe. Copper pipe is classified into three
types, depending upon its wall thickness.
1. The K type is the heaviest. It is suitable for
underground installation
2. The L type is the lighter than the K type available in
both the rigid and flexible form. It is commonly used in
residential water supply line and for radiant heating
installations.
3. The type M is the thinnest and available only in a rigid
form. This type of copper is especially designed for
small water supply lines and for radiant heating
installation.
Plumbing Materials
10.) COPPER PIPE
Plumbing Materials
11.) PLASTIC or SYNTHETIC PIPES
 Plastic pipe is a new concept in the field of plumbing. It was
introduced in the Philippines at the early part of 70’s, although this
type of materials was developed in Germany in the mid year of
1935.
 Some Code however, are still apprehensive in approving its use.
According to Dick Demske:
“Many Codes have not been updated since the days when plastic
was still in the test tube stage, and therefore do not make any
mention of the type of plastic piping that are in widespread use
today… Building authorities have a reputation for hard
headedness and it is not unknown for them to require the tearing
down of an installation that does not conform to their codes.”
 Plastic pipe has gained widespread acceptance after it has in
many ways proven itself to be superior as sewer and cold water
pipe line.
Plumbing Materials
11.) PLASTIC or SYNTHETIC PIPES

 TYPES OF PLASTIC SYNTHETIC PIPES

1. The Rigid Type
2. The Flexible Type
 The RIGID TYPE of Plastic Pipes are:
1. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
2. Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
3. Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC)
4. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
5. Polypropylene/ Random (PP) / PPR
6. Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)
 The FLEXIBLE TYPE are:
1. The Polyethylene (PE)
2. The Polybutylene (PB)
Plumbing Materials
11.) PLASTIC or SYNTHETIC PIPES

Polyvinyl Chloride Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

Plumbing Materials
11.) PLASTIC or SYNTHETIC PIPES

 The PE and PB tubes are in coil form available at 30 meters long.

The PB tube is manufactured with special length up to 150 meters
long in coil form.
 Recently, the plastic pipe being used for hot water lines are the
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC), the Polyvinyl Dichloride
(PVDC), and the Polypropylene (PP). It seems to be all right, but
whether it could withstand hot water at 180degrees F or higher
temperature, plus the pressure of hot water for years without any
amount of substantial collapse or damage to itself, is still a matter
of facts to be proven. Thus, extensive research is still going on to
develop plastic pipes suitable for hot water.
 Certain chemicals such as methyl-ethyl-ketone (acetone), paint
remover or paint brush cleaner should not be poured in PVC or
any drainage pipe.
Plumbing Materials
11.) PLASTIC or SYNTHETIC PIPES

 ADVANTAGES of PLASTIC PIPE

1. Plastic pipe is more resistant to rust and corrosion.
2. Water conveyed by plastic pipe has no pipe tastes.
3. The extreme smooth interior surface prevents the build-up of
scale, rust and foreign material that often impedes flow through
metallic pipes.
4. There is no turbulence of water and therefore, has a minimum
resistance to flow.
5. PVC pipe and fittings weighs about 1/5 of the metal pipe. They
are easily and quickly installed through solvent cementing.
6. Plastic pipe are cast in longer length and easy to cut as well as to
install.
Plumbing Materials
11.) PLASTIC or SYNTHETIC PIPES

 ADVANTAGES of PLASTIC PIPE

7. The polyethylene (PE) pipe is flexible material that weights about
1/8 as much as the steel pipe. For instance, a 100 meters 25mm
diameter coil plastic pipe could be easily carried by one individual
compared with the metal pipes having the same length and
diameter which could be hardly carried by 5 persons.
8. PVC pipe can be connected to existing metal pipe using a
threaded adapter.
9. PVC is virtually acid proof to any chemical used in recommended
strengths around the home.
10. No special tools are needed for installing PVC except a rule to
measure and a saw to cut.
11. The best reason to all :- You can do it yourself.
Plumbing Tools
WRENCHES
Plumbing Tools
Plumbing Tools
CUTTING TOOLS