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CONDENSING Tsat , Ch ∞
FLUID
Cmin=Cc
COLD FLUID
CONDENSATE LOADING ( Г )
The condensate loading on a tube is the mass flow of condensate per unit length that must be traversed
by the draining fluid. = m• / p ,(kg/m.s)
The length dimension is perpendicular to the direction the condensate flows;
• The perimeter for vertical tubes.
• The length for horizontal tubes.
Г = mass flow of condensate /perimeter = m•/p
Г= mcond / πdo for vertical tube (do=tube outer diameter)
Г = mcond /Lt for horizontal tube (Lt = tube length)
General values of condensate rating for horizontal tube 0.01 to 0.1 kg/m.s
FILM REYNOLDS NUMBER, (ReΓ)
ReΓ =ρ.Dh .v/μ
Dh=hydraulic diameter= 4Ac /p
Wet perimeter Wet surface area Hydraulic diameter
P Ac Dh =4Ac /p
Vertical Plate L δ*L 4δ
vertical tube πdo δ* πdo 4δ
horizontal tube 2L δ*2L 4δ
1- A large heat exchanger has several columns of tubes, with 20 tubes in each column. The outer
diameter of the tubes is 1.5 cm. Saturated steam at 50°C condenses on the outer surfaces of the tubes,
which are maintained at 20°C. Determine:-
(a)The average heat transfer coefficient
(b)The rate of condensation of steam per m length of a column.
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2- The condenser of a steam power plant operates at a pressure of 4.25 kP a. The condenser consists of
100 horizontal tubes arranged in a 10 x 10 square array. The tubes are 8 m long and have an outer
diameter of 3 cm. If the tube surfaces are at 20°C, determine
(a) The rate of heat transfer from the steam to the cooling water.
(b) The rate of condensation of steam in the condenser.
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3- Saturated steam at 55°C is to be condensed at a rate of 10 kg/h on the outside of a 3-cm-outer-
diameter vertical tube whose surface is maintained at 45°C by the cooling water. Determine the tube
length required.
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4- Repeat Problem 3 for a horizontal tube.
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5- The condenser of a steam power plant operates at a pressure of 7.38 kPa.Steam at this pressure
condenses on the outer surfaces of horizontal pipes through which cooling water circulates. The outer
diameter of the pipes is 3 cm, and the outer surfaces of the pipes are maintained at 30°C. Determine
(a) The rate of heat transfer to the cooling water circulating in the pipes
(b) The rate of condensation of steam per unit length of a horizontal pipe.
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6- Repeat Problem (5) for the case of 12 horizontal tubes arranged in a rectangular array of 3 tubes
high and 4 tubes wide
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7- Saturated steam at 30°C condenses on the outside of a 4-cm-outer-diameter, 2-m-long vertical tube.
The temperature of the tube is maintained at 20°C by the cooling water. Determine
(a) The rate of heat transfer from the steam to the cooling water
(b) The rate of condensation of steam
(c) The approximate thickness of the liquid film at the bottom of the tube.
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8- Saturated water vapor at a pressure of 12.5 kPa condenses on an array of 100 horizontal tubes. The
outer diameter of the pipes is 8mm and the outer surfaces of the pipes are maintained at 30°C.
Determine the condensation rates for
(a) A rectangular array of 5 tubes high and 20 tubes wide.
(b) A square array of 10 tubes high and 10 tubes wide.