“ Enlightens for desired future”

Near Golibar Chowk , Nagpur.

Contact no: 9371776280

For XI and XII Science

Batch 2016-2018

PHYSICS NOTES
CHETAN SIR

Topic: LOGARITHM AND CALCULATIONS

Name: .

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Chetan Sir

Trignomatric Table :-

To learn:-
1) Log 1 = 0 5) Log 5 = 0.6990 9) √𝟑 = 1.732
𝟏
2) Log 2 = 0.3010 6) Log 3.14 = 0.4969 10) = 0.7071
√𝟐
√𝟑
3) Log 3 = 0.4771 7) Log 9.8 = 0.9912 11) = 0.8660
𝟐

4) Log 4 = 0.6021 8) √𝟐 = 1.414

1) DECIMAL POINT SHIFTING :-

(Towards left)

Example :- 123.4 = 12.34 x 101 = 1.234 x 102 = 0.1234 x 103 = 0.01234 x 104

Practice :-

1) 6400 = 6.400 x ____ = 6.4 x ______ = 0.64 x _____ = 0.0064 x _____

2) 25251 = 25.251 x ____ = 2.5251 x ______ = 0.025251 x _____ = 25251.0 x _____

3) 0.1 = 0.0001 x ____ = 0.01 x ______ = 0.001 x _____ = 0.00001 x _____

4) 0025 = 002.5 x ____ = 00.25 x ______ = 0.025 x _____ = 25 x _____

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 1 Chetan Sir

 6) 45 x 105 = 4.5 x ____ = 0.45 x ______ = 0.045 x _____ = 4.5 x 105 x _____

7) 373.7 x 102 = 3.737 x ____ = 37.37 x ______ = 0.3737 x _____

2) DECIMAL POINT SHIFTING :-

(Towards right)

𝟎.𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟒 𝟎𝟏.𝟐𝟑𝟒
Example :- 0.01234 = = 0.1234 x 10-1 = = 01.234 x 10-2 = 123.4 x 10-4
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

Practice :-

1) 5.621 = 56.21 x ____ = 562.1 x ______ = 5621.00 x _____ = 562100 x _____

2) 0.96721 = 9.6721 x ____ = 9672.1 x ______ = 96.721 x _____ = 967.21 x _____

3) 1.00033 = 10003.3 x ____ = 10.0033 x ______ = 100.033 x _____ = 1000.33 x _____

4) 0.0087 = 8.7 x ____ = 0.87 x ______ = 0.087 x _____ = 87 x _____

𝟎.𝟔𝟖𝟒𝟑 68.43 684.3 6843 68430

5) = x ____ = x ____= x ____= x ___
𝟏𝟎 10 10 10 10

𝟎.𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏 10.01 100.1

6) = x____ = 10.01 x ____= x _____= 100.1 x ___
𝟏𝟎𝟐 102 102

7) 2.2222 x 102 = 22.222 x ____ = 222.22 x ______ = 22222 x _______

3) ADDITION AND SUBSTRACTION OF DECIMAL DIGITS :-

Example :- = 12.3 x 102 + 12.3 x 101
= 12.3 x 102 + 1.23 x 102
= (12.3 + 1.23 ) x 102 = 13.53 x 102

Practice :-

1) 45 x 102 + 25 x 102 = _________________________________________________________

2) 2525 x 10-2 + 373.7 x 10-1 = ____________________________________________________

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 2 Chetan Sir

 3) 0.1 x 104 + 9.2 x 103 = _________________________________________________________

4) 1.00 x 10-3 - 29.09 x 10-4 = ____________________________________________________

5) 76.46 x 1024 - 6400 x 1026 = ____________________________________________________

6) 55 x 10-1 - 0.25 x 101 = ________________________________________________________

7) 98 + 0.02 x 102 = ____________________________________________________________

8) 5222.2 x 10-10 + 7.888 x 10-7 = __________________________________________________

9) 2.1111 x 1034 + 101.0 x 1032 = ____________________________________________________

4) SOLVING POWERS:-

Example :-  ( 2 x 10-2 )3 = 8 x 10-6

 √𝟐𝟓 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 = ( 25 x 1010 )1/2 = 5 x 105
3
 √𝟔𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 = ( 8 x 10-6 )1/3 = 8 x 10-2

Practice :-
𝟒
1) √𝟏𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟔 = _____________________________________________________________________

2) √ 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 = ____________________________________________________________________

3) √(𝟓𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 ) + (𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟗 ) = __________________________________________________

4) 3√ 𝟐𝟕𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 = ______________________________________________________________

5) ( 0.004 x 103 )2 = ____________________________________________________________

6) √(𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 ) − (𝟎. 𝟑𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ) = ________________________________________________

7) ( 479 x 103 )2 - (4 x 105)2 = ___________________________________________________

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 3 Chetan Sir

5) NATURAL TRIGNOMATRIC FUNCTION ( using logbook) :-

 Example :-  sin ( 450 24’ ) = sin ( 45.40 ) = 0.7120

 cos ( 100 12’ ) = cos ( 10.20 ) = 0.9842

 tan ( 850 42’ ) = tan ( 85.70 ) = 13.30

Practice :-
1) sin ( 0.90 ) = ________________________________________________________________

2) cos ( 250 0’ ) = _________________________________________________________________

3) tan ( 890 ) = ____________________________________________________________________

4) sin ( 700 54’ ) = ________________________________________________________________

5) cos ( 00 12’ ) = ________________________________________________________________

6) tan ( 440 30’ ) = _______________________________________________________________

7) sin ( 800 27’ ) = _______________________________________________________(WWDA)

6) FOR OBTUSE ANGLES:-

Example :-  sin ( 1400 ) = sin ( 1800 - 1400 )…………. ..sin ( θ ) = sin ( 1800 - θ )
= sin ( 400 )
= 0.6428
 cos ( 1000 ) = - cos ( 1800 - 1000 )………….cos ( θ ) = - cos( 1800 - θ )
= -cos ( 800 )
= - 0.1736

Practice :-
1) sin ( 1500 ) = ________________________________________________________________

2) cos ( 1200 ) = __________________________________________________________________

3) sin ( 1420 ) = ___________________________________________________________________

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 4 Chetan Sir

4) cos ( 1090 ) = __________________________________________________________________

5) sin ( 1440 60’) = _______________________________________________________________

6) sin ( 1500 36’) = _______________________________________________________________

 7) FOR APPROXIMATE ANGLES:-

Example :-  sin ( 200 14’) = sin ( 200 12’ + 002’ )

= 0.3453 + 0.0005
= 0.3458
 cos ( 700 47’ ) = cos ( 700 42’ + 005’ ) take minus instead of plus
=
=

Practice :-
1) sin ( 400 22’ ) = _______________________________________________________________

2) cos ( 120 40’) = _________________________________________________________________

3) sin ( 870 6’) = ___________________________________________________________________

4) cos ( 52.60 ) = __________________________________________________________________

5) tan ( 730 31’) = _________________________________________________________________

6) tan ( 101’ ) = ___________________________________________________________________

7) cos ( 1260 20’ ) = ________________________________________________________________

8) INVERSE TRIGNOMATRIC FUNCTION :-

Example :-  sin-1 ( 0.3971) = 230 24’

 cos-1 ( 0.9999) = 000 36’
 tan-1 ( 0.7212) = 350 48’

Practice :-

1) sin-1 ( 0.8886 ) = ______________________________________________________________

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 5 Chetan Sir

2) cos-1 ( 0.5976) = ________________________________________________________________

3) cos-1 ( 0.2317) = _________________________________________________________________

4) tan-1 ( 0.9896) = ________________________________________________________________

5) tan-1 ( 1.4229) = ________________________________________________________________

 6) sin-1 ( 0.5468) = __________________________________________________(WWDA)

9) INVERSE TRIGNOMATRIC FUNCTION :-

(for approximate angles)

Example :-  sin-1 ( 0.3570) = sin-1 ( 0.3567 + 0.0003)

= (200 54’ + 1’)
= 200 55’
 cos-1 ( 0.4591) = cos-1 ( 0.4586 + 0.0005) take minus instead of plus
= (620 42’ - 2’)
= 620 40’

Practice :-

1) sin-1 ( 0.4327 ) = ______________________________________________________________

2) cos-1 ( 0.6062) = ________________________________________________________________

3) cos-1 ( 0.9476) = _________________________________________________________________

4) sin-1 ( 0.7959) = ________________________________________________________________

5) cos-1 ( 0.3229) = ________________________________________________________________

6) sin-1 ( 0.7000) = ________________________________________________________________

0 1
0

𝟑𝝅 𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝝅
-1 𝟐
Sin θ 𝟐
1 0 𝟐
Cos θ 𝟐
0

𝝅 𝝅
0 -1
NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 6 Chetan Sir
10) LOG OF NUMBERS :-
NUMBER CHARCTERSTICS MENTISSA LOG

1) 123 2 .0899 2.0899

2) 12.3 1 .0899 1.0899

3) 1.23 0 .0899 0.0899

4) 0.123 ̅
𝟏 .0899 ̅.0899
𝟏

5) 0.0123 ̅
𝟐 .0899 ̅.0899
𝟐

6) 0.00123 ̅
𝟑 .0899 ̅.0899
𝟑
 7) 0.000123 ̅
𝟒 .0899 ̅.0899
𝟒

Practice :-

1) log ( 1230 ) = _______________________ 11) log ( 567) = ____________________

2) log ( 0.00043 ) = _________________________12) log ( 0.4001) = _____________________

3) log ( 0812 ) = ____________________________13) log ( 6.28) = _____________________

4) log ( 1.001 )= ___________________________14) log ( 99.1)= ______________________

5) log ( 0.010 )= __________________________ 15) log ( 𝝅) = _____________________

6) log ( 5.7865 )= __________________________ 16) log ( 0.0201 )= ____________________

7) log ( 20 ) = ___________________________17) log ( 0.9999 ) = _________________

8) log ( 0.003452) = _________________________18) log ( 0.0000) = _____________________

9) log ( 300) = _____________________________ 19) log ( 6.28) = _______________________

10) log (8) = _______________________________20) log ( 3.14) = _______________________

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 7 Chetan Sir

11) LOG OF NUMBERS CONTANING POWERS :-

Example :-  log(452) = 2 log 45

= 2 x 1.6532
= 3.3064

𝟏
 log (30 1/2 ) = log 30
𝟐

𝟏
= 𝟐
x 1.4771 = 0.7385

Practice :-

1) log ( 36 1/2 ) = ___ ____________________________________________________________

2) log ( 762 ) = _________________________________________________________________

3) log (124 ) = __________________________________________________________________

 4) log ( 1.0011/3 )= ______________________________________________________________

5) log ( √𝟏𝟎𝟎 ) = ________________________________________________________________

𝟑
6) log ( √𝟔𝟒 ) = _________________________________________________________________

12) FINDING ANTILOG :-

LOG DECIMAL AFTER ANTILOG NUMBER

2.0899 3 Digits 1227 + 3 = 1230 123.0

1.0899 2 Digits 1230 12.30

0.0899 1 Digits 1230 1.230

̅.0899
𝟏 0. 1230 0.1230

̅.0899
𝟐 0.0 1230 0.0123

̅.0899
𝟑 0.00 1230 0.00123

̅.0899
𝟒 0.000 1230 0.000123

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 8 Chetan Sir

Practice :-

1) Antilog ( 1.5542 ) = ̅.0567) = ____________________

____________________11) Antilog (𝟕

̅̅̅̅.9840) = ___________________
2) Antilog ( 0.4313) = _______________________12) Antilog (𝟐𝟑

3) Antilog ( 2.8121) = _______________________13) Antilog ( 0.2812) = __________________

4) Antilog ( 3.0019 )= ______________________14) Antilog ( 1.1111)= ___________________

5) Antilog ( 0.0123 )= _____________________ 15) Antilog ( 2.4656) = _______________

̅.0201 )= ___________________
6) Antilog ( 5.7865 )= _____________________ 16) Antilog ( 𝟏

7) Antilog ( 10.6990 ) = _________________ 17) Antilog ( 0.9999 ) = ________________

8) Antilog ( ̅𝟐.3452) = ______________________ 18) Antilog ( 0.0000) = _____________________

9) Antilog ( ̅𝟏.3003) = _______________________19) Antilog ( ̅𝟐.6282) = ___________________

̅.4651) = ______________________20) Antilog ( 0.0076) = ___________________

10) Antilog ( 𝟑
 13) MULTIPLICATION USING LOG :-
Rule:- log (a x b) = log( a) + log (b )

Example :-  log(2 x 4 ) = log 2 + log 4

= 0.3010 + 0.6021
= Antilog (0.9031)
= 8.000

 log ( 29.92 x 12.21 ) = log 29.92 + log 12.21

= 1.4760 + 1.0867
= Antilog (2.5627)
= 365.4

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 9 Chetan Sir

Practice :-

1) 29.92 x 12.21 7) 43.05 x 01.21 13) 6.67 x 10-11 x 9.8

2) 5.12 x 121.3 8) 0.23 x 0.021 14) sin 300 x 2𝝅

3) 11.78 x 0.22 9) 0.0012 x 0.1 15) 𝝅2 x 2.02

4) 2992 x 1001 10) 29.92 x 12.21 16) √𝟑. 𝟏𝟒𝟐 𝐱 𝟗. 𝟖 𝐱 𝟓. 𝟎

𝟑
5) 8.009 x 333.21 11) 101 x 3.14 x 4𝝅 17) √𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐 𝐱 𝟔. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟗

6) 76.9 x 1.212 12) 3.14 x 0.01 x1021 18) (27.12 x 4 x 2 x 5)2

14) DIVISION USING LOG :-

𝒂
Rule:- log ( ) = log( a) - log (b )
𝒃

Example :-  log(10 ÷ 2 ) = log 10 ÷ log 2

= 1.0000 - 0.3010
= Antilog (0.6990)
= 5.0000

 log ( 67.1 ÷ 1.9) = log 67.1 – log 1. 9

= 1.8267 - 0.2788
= Antilog (1.5479 )
= 35.31

Practice :-
 𝟒𝟑.𝟎𝟓 𝝅 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎
1) 57 .9 ÷ 22.1 5) 9)
𝟎𝟏.𝟐𝟏 𝝅𝟐 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟖

𝟒𝟗.𝟒𝟓 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗
2) 6) 10) tan 300 ÷ 𝝅
𝟑.𝟏𝟒 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏

𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎
3) 11.78 / 0.22 7) 11) 𝝅2 ÷ 9.81
𝟑.𝟏𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎

𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟗 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
4) 2992 ÷ 1001 8) 12) √𝟑. 𝟏𝟒𝟐 ÷ 𝟗. 𝟖
𝟗.𝟖𝟗 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟔

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 10 Chetan Sir

15) COMBINED MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION :-

𝟒𝟓 𝐱 𝟐𝟑
Example :-  log = (log 45 + log 23) – (log 229)
𝟐𝟐𝟗
= (1.6532 + 1.3617 ) – (2.3598)
= Antilog (0.6551)
= 4.520

𝟔.𝟔𝟕 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟏 𝐱 𝟗𝟖𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 𝟔.𝟔𝟕 𝐱 𝟗𝟖𝟎

 log = log 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟗
𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝟑𝟏𝟒
= (log 6.67 + log 980 ) – (log 314 ) x 10-9
= (0.8241 + 2.9912) – ( 2. 4969) x 10-9
= Antilog (1.3184) x 10-9
= 20.82 x 10-9

Practice :-

𝟐𝐱 𝟑 𝟎.𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟏 + 𝟑.𝟖𝟗𝟏 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐

1) 6)
𝟕 (𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 )𝟐

𝟎.𝟏𝟑 𝐱 𝟗.𝟖𝟏 𝐱 𝟔𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟒′ ) 𝐱 𝟒𝛑 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟖

2) 7)
𝟐.𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟓

𝟏𝟗𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝐱 𝟏𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟒 𝟒𝟎𝟎

3) 8) tan-1 ( )
𝟑.𝟏𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝐱 𝟗.𝟖

𝛑𝟐 𝐱 ( 𝐠 ) 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝟗
∈𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎
4) 9) 𝟒𝛑
𝟎.𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

√𝟔𝟔 𝐱 𝟓𝟓 𝟔.𝟔𝟕 𝐱 𝐆 𝐱 𝐌
𝟑
5) 10) √
𝟓 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝐑

Special case-
 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(
Sin 2 +
3
) = Sin (
3
) Sin ( 2 . (2𝝅) +
3
) = Sin (
3
)
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Cos 2 + ( 3
) = Cos (
3
) Cos ( 2 . (2𝝅) +
3
) = Cos (
3
)

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 11 Chetan Sir

16) FINDING SQUARE OF NUMBER:-

(Using log book -square)

Example :-  (3.445)2 = 11.8336

 ( 0.3445)2 = 0.11833
 ( 0.3445)2 = (3.445 x 10-1)2
= ( 3.445 )2 x 10-2
= 11.8336 x 10-2
= 0.1183

Practice :-

1) (601)2 = _____________________ 5) ( 5.23)2 = ______________________ 9) 𝝅2 = ______________

2) (0.9)2 = ______________________ 6) ( √𝟓𝟔)2 = ______________________ 10) ∈𝟎 2= ___________

𝟐

3) (90.23)2 = ____________________ 7) ( 0.14)2 = ______________________

4) (42)2 = ______________________ 8) (6.67)2 = ______________________

17) FINDING SQUARE ROOT :-

(Using log book –square root)

Example :-  √𝟐. 𝟒 = 1.549…………………page no : 26

 √𝟑𝟕 = 6.0883……………….page no : 28
 √𝟏𝟖. 𝟓𝟔 = 4.308 ………………page no : 28

 √𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟑 = √𝟖𝟖. 𝟐𝟑 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟐

= 9.393 x 10-1
= 0.9393
4
NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 12 Chetan Sir

Practice :-
 1) √𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟑 = ___ _______________________________________________________________

2) √𝟎𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟐 = ____________________________________________________________________

3) √ 𝟒. 𝟏𝟐𝟗 = _____________________________________________________________________

4) √𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟓 = ___________________________________________________________________

5) √𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟗 = ______________________________________________________________________

6) √𝑶. 𝟐𝟑 𝐗 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ________________________________________________________________

18) LOG WITH BASE e (exponent):-

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱
Rule:- 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆x = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐞 …………where e = 2.718 or 2.72

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐𝟐
Example :-  𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆22 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐞 = log 22 - log e
= 1.3424 - 0.4343
= (0.9081) no need to calculate antilog.

Practice :-
(1) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 6.28 = ________________________________________________________________

(2) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆0.123 = _______________________________________________________________

(3) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆2 = __________________________________________________________________

(4) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆10 = ___ ______________________________________________________________

19) LOG WITH BASE 10:-
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱
Rule:- 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 x = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐𝟐
Example :-  𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 22 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 = log 22 - log 10
= 1.3424 – 1.0000
= (0.3424) no need to calculate antilog.

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 13 Chetan Sir

Conversion Degree into Radians =>

𝝅𝒄 𝝅 𝒄
Example - (1) 300 = 300 x
𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝟎 = 𝟔

𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
(2) 2 𝝅𝒄 = 2 𝝅𝒄 x = 3600
𝝅𝒄
 Practice –
(1) Convert it into Radians-
(a) 450 (b) 200 (c) 600 (d) 900 (e) 100

(2) Convert it into Degree-

𝝅 𝒄 𝝅 𝒄 𝝅 𝒄 𝝅 𝒄 𝝅 𝒄
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝟗𝟎

USEFUL FORMULE

(1) Sin (A + B ) = Sin A Cos B + Cos A Sin B (4) Sin A x Sin B =

𝟏
[ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝐀 − 𝐁) – 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( 𝐀 + 𝐁 )]
𝟐
(2) Cos (A – B ) = Sin A Sin B + Cos A Cos B
𝟏 –𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝛉
(5) Sin2 𝛉 =
𝟐
𝐂+𝐃 𝐂−𝐃
( 3) Sin C + Sin D = 2 Sin ( ) Cos ( )
𝟐 𝟐

SOME CONSTANTS –

G = 6.67 x 10-11 N. m2 / kg2

M = 6 x 1024 kg
R = 6.4 x 106 m
𝝅 = 3.142
𝒈 = 9.8 m / s2
∈𝟎 = 8.85 x 10-12 F / m
𝝁0 = 4𝝅 x 10-7 V.s / A m

NILESH COACHING CLASSES Page 14 Chetan Sir