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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. PRIMARY SOURCES
1. OFFICIAL
Commonwealth of Australia
Commissioner for Cornunity Re Zations : fourth annual report
(Canberra, 1979).
Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on South Sea
Islanders in Australia (Canberra, 1977).
Report of Inquiries by the Office of t h e Comissioner for
C o m n i t y Relations i n Northern New South Wales and morth
Queensland (Canberra, 1976).
Great Britain
Par liamentary Papers.
Queensland Government
Acts of Parliament.
Blue Book.
Census of Queensland.
Correspondence between t h e Premier of Queensland and the Prime
Minister of the Commonwealth respecting deportation of
Kanakas, laid before t h e table of the Legislative Assembly,
7 August 1906 (Brisbane, 1906).
Further Correspondence Re l u t i n g t o Seaforth Estate (Brisbane,
1899).
Government Gazette.
Government Statutes.
J o m Z of the Queensland Legis Zative Counci 2.
Parliamentary Debates.
ParZiamentary Handbook (Brisbane, 1977).
Report upon t h e financial condition of the Pacific Islanders
Hospitals, presented t o both Houses of Parliament
(Brisbane, 1887).
Report with Minutes o f evidence taken before the Select Committee
i n t o the Mackay Railway - Extension from Mirani t o Cattle
Creek (Brisbane, 1895) .
Royal Commission i n t o Sugar Industry Labour (Brisbane, 1906).
Royal Comission on Land Settlement (Brisbane, 1897), contained
in Reports Ad evidence of Royal Commissions and Select
Committees related to land alienation in Australian
colonies (JCUNQ: MFQ6) .
S t a t i s t i c s of Queensland.
Sugar Industry Labow Royal Cornrnission ( B r i s b a n e , 1906).
Votes and Proceedings of the QueensZand Legislative AssembZy
( t i t l e a l t e r e d a f t e r 1901 t o Parliamentary Papers).
South A u s t r a l i a n Government
Proceedings of Par Ziament .
2. ARCHIVES
B r i t i s h Solomon I s l a n d s P r o t e c t o r a t e
M a l a i t a M a g i s t r a t e s ' Archives (Auki): F i l e LC/MIl/65: Kwara'ae
L o c a l Court, Case No. 2/74, N a t i v e Land ~ ~ ~ Case e aNo.l
6/75.
P o p u l a t i o n Census February 1976. P r o v i s i o n a l r e s u l t s p u b l i s h e d
i n A p r i l 1976. Census O f f i c e , S t a t i s t i c s D i v i s i o n ,
M i n i s t r y of Finance.
Commonwealth of A u s t r a l i a
Department of E x t e m Z A f f a i r s . Correspondence and documents
r e l a t i n g t o deportation.
CRS A 1 1903: 1694, 1714, 3959, 6798
1904: 8380, 9617
1906: 4761, 5999, 8233
1907: 293, 4198, 8941, 9881
1908: 1459, 3361, 5120, 5247, 6443, 11283
CRS A2 1916: 279 ( P t . I )
1917: 35861109
1919: 101, 472, 2286
CRS A6 1901: 176, 346, 569, 846, 853, 1170, 1868
CRS A8 1901: 13213-8, 12-14, 1 6 1 / ( 1 )
1902: 19/93-97
CRS A38 R e g i s t e r of d e p a r t u r e of c o l o u r e d p e r s o n s from
t h e Commonwealth 1903-1935.
New Zealand
Great Britain, Royal Navy - Australian Station, Reeo.~dsof
t h e Commander-in-Chief.
Vol. 13 Pacific ~ s l a n d s ,1857-76
Vol. 14 Pacific I s l a n d s , 1877-79
Vol. 15 Pacific I s l a n d s , 1879-81
Vol. 16 Pacific I s l a n d s , 1881-84
Vol. 17 Pacific I s l a n d s , 1881-92
Vol. 18 Pacific I s l a n d s , 1890-94
Vol. 19 Pacific I s l a n d s , 1896-1900
IVew ZeaZand Governor (NZ G 1011). Despatches from t h e
Governor of F i j i , and High Commissioner f o r t h e Western
P a c i f i c , 1 3 December 1875 t o 9 December 1886, and
2 J a n u a r y 1887 t o 23 December 1895.
Queensland
The Queensland S t a t e Archives (QSA) i s t h e s e c t i o n of t h e
S t a t e L i b r a r y of Queensland r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n
of c o l o n i a l and s t a t e r e c o r d s . QSA m a t e r i a l used i n t h i s
thesis was collected between 1 9 7 3 and 1981. Detailed
references to the files used in the text are provided in
the footnotes. Here all that is intended is an indication
of the wider scope of QSA material examined during research,
its general nature and time-period.
AGS Department of Agriculture and Stock, later the Depart-
ment of Primary Industries.
Papers concerning the introduction and propogation of
sugar cane, establishment of Sugar Experiment Stations,
eradication of cane pests, introduction of sugar
bounties, and exemptions granted under the 1913 Sugar
CuZtivation Act. 1892-1927.
COL Colonial Secretary's Office.
General correspondence concerning the sugar industry,
Mackay, and Melanesian migration. 1859-1896.
CLO Chief Commissioner for Crown Lands.
Registers of runs leased in the South Kennedy district.
1861-1868.
CPS Clerk of Petty Sessions, Normanton and Mackay.
Register of Melanesians employed in the Normanton
district. 1868-1871.
Criminal depositions and associated papers, Bailiff's
summons books and Police Magistrate' a letterbook, from
Mackay. 1873-1942.
CRS Crown Solicitor.
Briefs and associated papers in cases involving
Melanesians. 1884-1897.
DCT District Court, Mackay.
Register of judgements given, Judge's notebooks,
depositions and calendars of trials in criminal cases;
affidavits, plaints, summonses, judgement books and
Judge's notebooks of trials in civil cases. 1873-1923.
EDU Education Department.
Annual return, weekly attendance records and general
correspondence from the Walkerston Polynesian Provisional
School. 1933-1934.
GOV Governor.
Correspondence to and from the Governor concerning
Mackay and Melanesian migration.
HOS Hospitals.
Registers, diaries and correspondence concerning govern-
ment hospitals for Melanesians in Queensland. 1884-1891.
IMM Immigration Department.
Registers of Melanesian migration. 1870-1903.
IPI Inspectors of Pacific Islanders.
Registers of the arrival and departure of recruiting
trade vessels; employment, transfers, agreements,
exemption from provisions of Acts, mortality and
deportation of Melanesians; and miscellaneous corres-
pondence. 1868-1908.
JUS Justice Department.
Inquests into deaths in the Mackay district. 1861-1882.
LAN Department of Public Lands.
Registers and files concerning the leasing or purchase
of agricultural and pastoral land in the Kennedy district
(particularly South Kennedy and Mackay), under the
various Crown k n d s Alienation Acts 1868-97. 1868-1930.
PRE Premier and Chief Secretary's ~e~artment.
Correspondence and associated papers relating to Melan-
esian labourers. 1865-1907.
PRI Prisons Department.
Correspondence respecting, and a return of, Melanesians
who served sentences in Queensland. 1886-1899.
POL Police Deputy Commissioner's Office.
Correspondence and reports concerning arms and ammun-
ition, deportation of Melanesians, enrolment of un-
naturalized foreigners, and aliens working without the
required permits under the Sugar Cultivation Act.
1897-1941.
TRE Treasury.
Register of the payment of rent on runs in the pastoral
districts of Kennedy and South Kennedy. 1861-1889.
WOR Works Department.
Press Cutting Book relating to the sugar industry. 1895.
Maps Various maps of the Mackay district. 1864-1933.
3. MANUSCRIPTS
Dixon Library
Letterbooks of J.G. Goodenough
-(M~~292) Admiralty letters, vol. I, 16 June 1873 to
18 July 1874
-(MSQ295) Squadron letters, 25 July 1874 to 17 March 1875
-(MS~296) Squadron letters, 19 March 1875 to 2 August 1875
James Cook U n i v e r s i t y of North Queensland
L i b r a r y : Archives
Good, A., D i a r y of Abijou Good, 28 F e b r u a r y t o 6 November 1863.
R e g i s t e r of P a c i f i c I s l a n d e r s employed a t P i o n e e r . p l a n t a t i o n ,
on t h e Burdekin r i v e r , 12 October 1895 t o 22 March 1906.
( c o n t a i n e d i n t h e Records of P i o n e e r M i l l . )
S l o a n & Co., Records from t h e i r Mackay o p e r a t i o n s , 1875-7.
L i b r a r y : Delamo t h e
Cook, V.A., Manuscript n o t e s by Vida A . Cook, c i r c a 1947,
c o n t a i n e d i n t h e Cook-Atherton Photo C o l l e c t i o n .
Davidson, J . E . , J o u r n a l of John Ewan Davidson, 1865-1868.
K e r r , J . , B r i e f account of t h e h i s t o r y of e a c h of t h e s u g a r
m i l l s i n t h e Mackay d i s t r i c t ( f i r s t p u b l i s h e d i n t h e
f i r t h QueensZand R e g i s t e r , November 1975 t o - Y u l y 1978),
(bound i n t o one volume i n t h e JCUNQ ~ e 1 a m o t h . iC o l l e c t i o n
and f o o t n o t e d h e r e i n a s S u g a r M i l l s ) .
Mackay P l a n t e r s ' A s s o c i a t i o n , Minute book, 15 March 1878 t o
26 August 1884.
Peak, J . H . , H i s t o r y of t h e Burdekin.
Rankine & H i l l , Consulting E n g i n e e r s , Mackay Regional Study:
l a n d u s e and demography f o r e c a s t s . March, 1971.
Ullman & Nolan, Consulting E n g i n e e r s , Mackay Region N a t i o n a l
E s t a t e Study. Mackay, 1975.
H i s t o r y Department
B e l l , P., Mining S e t t l e m e n t i n North Queensland ( p a p e r given
a t H i s t o r y Dept. Seminar, James Cook U n i v e r s i t y of
North Queensland, 24 October 1980).
Edmondson, C . , I n t r o d u c t i o n t o and a n n o t a t i o n s on t h e d i a r i e s
of Government Agent S.M. Smith ( M a n u s c r i p t ) . ,
F a r q u h a r , W.G., Diary of W.G. F a r q u h a r , 7 November t o 30
November 1861, 4 October 1866 t o 17 J a n u a r y 1872.
Matsen, O., The d i a r i e s : o f Ole Matsen, 1896-1926.'
Smith, S.M., D i a r i e s from s e v e r a l voyages by Sydney Mercer
Smith, Government Agent i n t h e Queensland Labour Trade,
1893-1900. (The o r i g i n a l d i a r i e s a r e h e l d by t h e
Oxley L i b r a r y , Brisbane. )
Thomas, I . , H i s t o r y of my m o t h e r ' s l i f e (Manuscript, BOHC).
P r i n t o u t C. Names, p l a c e of r e s i d e n c e and o r i g i n of P a c i f i c .
I s l a n d e r s a t Mackay, computer s o r t e d from b a p t i s m a l ,
m a r r i a g e and d e a t h r e c o r d s .
Mackay D i s t r i c t H o s p i t a l
Register
Vol. 1, January 1891 t o November 1899
Vol. 2, August 1902 t o December 1908.
Mackay F u n e r a l s
B u r i a l R e g i s t e r s , 1890-1959. ( I n f o r m a t i o n from t h i s R e g i s t e r
i s i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o Printouts A t o C.)
Mitchell Library
Martin, James, Diary a t Hamilton s t a t i o n , 15 J u l y 1876 t o
12 J u l y 1879 ( M i t c h e l l L i b r a r y , B1322, 1 & 2 ) , and
Album of photographs, C.1860-1910 ( M i t c h e l l L i b r a r y ,
A3193).
Wawn, W.T., Manuscript d i a r i e s of s e v e r a l voyages by William
T w i z e l l Wawn a s Master and Mate on s h i p s i n t h e Queens-
Labour Trade, 1891-94.
Great Britain, Royal Napy - Australian Stati-on, Records of
t h e Commander-{n-Chief.
Yol. 21 Kidnapping, 1869-75 (No. 1663)
Vol. 22 Labour Traffic and Pearl Fisheries, 1873-80
(No. 1664)
Vol. 23 Printed Reports of Island Cases, 1888-93 (NO. 1665)
Vol. 38 New Guinea and Solomon Islands, 1886-92 (No. 1678)
Vol. 44 Enclosures 2, 16, 18, 23 (No. 1683)
Also refer to the entry for the New Zealand National
Archives.
Miscellaneous
de Coppet, D., Land Tenure in 'Are'are and on South Malaita
(Manuscript in the possession of the author ).
The life-giving death: a Melanesian case (Paper given
at a Seminar on the Anthropology and Archaeology
of Death, London, 14-15 June 1980 ).
Graves, A.A., Pacific Island Labour and the Reconstruction
of the Queensland Sugar Industry (Paper given at
the Conference of the Economic History Society of
Australia and New Zealand, University of New South
Wales, 30 August to 1 September 1978.).
Shlomowitz, R., Markets for Melanesian labour in Queensland,
1863-1906 (Manuscript, Flinders University, October
1978. In the possession of the author .).
5 . Racecourse C o - o p e r a t i v e Sugar A s s o c i a t i o n : g o l d e n
jubilee, 1927-1977, 23 November 1977
6 . A C e n t u r y o f Shows: s o u v e n i r s u p p l e m e n t , 19 June
1979. (MI Show Centenary 1 9 7 9 ) .
Mackay S t a n d a r d , 1895 .
N e w P i o n e e r ( M a c k a y ) , 1905 t o 1912, c o n t i n u e d a s The P i o n e e r ,
1913.
News Drwn ( H o n i a r a ) , 1976.
North Queensland R e g i s t e r , 1920-1.
N o r t h e r n Churchman: c h u r c h c h r o n i c l e o f the Diocese o f North
Queensland, V o l s . 8 (No. 9 4 ) t o 29 (No. 3 7 9 ) , 7 October
1904 t o 1 December 1928.
N o r t h e r n Magazine, September 1976.
PastoraZ R e v i e w , V o l s . 17 and 2 3 , March 1907 t o February
1908, January t o December 1913.
Planter and Farmer: a monthly jomnal of tropical and semi-
tropical a g r i c u l t w e , Yol. I , 1882-3.
Pugh 's A Zmanac .
Queensland Leader, 1884.
5. INTERVIEWS
6. THESES
7. COMPUTER PRINTOUT
B. SECONDARY SOURCES
1861 Queensland. Masters and Servants Act (25 Vic. No.11). Date
of assent, 8 August 1861.
1868 Queensland.
- Polynesian Labourers Act (31 Vic. No.47). Date
of assent, 4 March 1868.
1872 Imperial. The Kidnapping Act (35 & 36 Vic. C.19). Date of
assent, 27 June 1872.
-
1876 Queensland. Select Committee on the general question of
Polynesian labour. Appointed 7 September 1876. Report dated
14 November 1876.
-
1880 Queensland. Pacific Island Labourers Act (44 Vic. No.17).
Date of assent, 18 November 1880.
1884 Queensland. P a c i f i c I s l a n d Labourers Act Amendment Act (48
Vic. No.12). Date of a s s e n t , 10 March 1884.
-
1884 Queensland. Act t o p r e v e n t t h e improper employment of
A b o r i g i n a l n a t i v e s of A u s t r a l i a and New Guinea on s h i p s i n
Queensland w a t e r s (48 Vic. No.20). Date of a s s e n t , 17
November 1884.
-
1885 Queensland.
Act (49 Vic.
P a c i f i c I s l a n d L a b o u r e r s Act of 1880 Amendment
No.17). Date of a s s e n t , 10 November 1885.
1948 Queensland. Aliens Acts and another Act amendment Act (13 Geo.6
No. 10).
1952 Queensland. Aliens Acts and another Act amendment Act (1 Eliz.2
No. 22).
BAELELEA
LAU
-
7. Kwaloi 1888 Fearless. P e t e r from Suaba t r i e d t o c o l l e c t a
blood-money reward f o r Cromar's d e a t h and f e l l e d
t r e e s a c r o s s a creek t o capture t h e r e c r u i t i n g
boats. Cromar was warned by K u r i .
10. Urasi 1892 They followed her up Lau lagoon and tried
again near Urasi on the 25th.
12. Ataa? 1872 Pluto : early 1870s. The barque Pluto was
or 1873 wrecked at Malaita and all the crew were
killed. 3 Malaitans were tried in the NSW
Supreme Court but they were released as
Malaita was not considered to be within the
jurisdiction of the British Admiralty.
Renton mentioned a small vessel being wrecked
at the south end of Lau lagoon in 1872-3.
All on board were killed except l.manwho
was kept prisoner and went insane. He was
probably rescued by HMS %do in 1873, when
the men kidnapped on the Carl were returned.
13. Ataa 1875 Lady Darling : 1875. Taama the 5th man
recruited on the voyage was kidnapped at Ataa.
At least one Malaitan was shot during the
struggle to capture Taama.
FATALEKA
S y b i l II : 8.8.1891. A t Bassu r i v e r t h e
r e c r u i t e r s were t r i c k e d i n t o an ambush up t h e
river. 70 guns were f i r e d a t them and 4 men
( 3 Europeans and one I s l a n d e r ) were wounded.
The r e a s o n g i v e n was t h a t HMS R o y a l i s t had
p r e v i o u s l y s h e l l e d t h e v i l l a g e o f Gala, a n
o l d l e a d e r i n t h e a r e a . A l s o , G a l a ' s s o n had
d i e d i n Queensland (Galua was t h e l e a d e r of
Kwaikaru a t t h a t time.)
S y b i l 11 : 26.3.1893. "The r e c r u i t i n g b o a t
went a s h o r e t h e r e [ K w a i ] , s e v e r a l I s l a n d e r s
assembled and t h e r e c r u i t e r T u r n a r o s l a n d e d
and w h i l e t a l k i n g t o them an I s l a n d e r
a p p a r e n t l y w i t h o u t p r o v o c a t i o n made a sudden
a t t a c k on him w i t h a tomahawke s p l i t t i n g h i s
cheek open. The B o a t s t h e n o p e n f i r e d on t h e
Islanders b u t without e f f e c t . " The a t t a c k
w a s by bushmen i n r e t a l i a t i o n f o r t h e d e a t h s
of M a l a i t a n s i n Queensland.
S y b i l 11
: 11.7.1894. The s h i p was f i r e d on
by t h e Boon-year d e s c e n t group of A i - t a i
village.
S y b i l 11 : 19.7.1894. The S y b i l 11 s p e n t
almost two weeks a t Kwai. O n t h e 1 9 t h " t h e
bushmen a t t a c k e d t h e b o a t s and 2 of them were
wounded f o r t h e i r p a i n s . "
E r r a y t a was d i s p l e a s e d w i t h t h e g i f t provided
f o r a female who e n l i s t e d and s e i z e d ArieZ's
r e c r u i t e r i n h i s arms. E r r a y t a was knocked
down by t h e b o a t c r e w and h i t w i t h t h e b u t t of
a gun. %"The n a t i v e s of t h e n o r t h e r n Aimaia
a r m e v i d e n t l y meant t o have a w h i t e man some
time o r other."
MALAITA : a r e a unknown
1. B r e w s t e r , King of t h e C a n n i b a l I s l e s , 231-4.
7. B i d . , 267-8.
9. M e l b o m e Argus 12.12.1892.
12. S c a r r , ~ r a ~ m e n t s38;
, Marwick, R e n t o n , 3 9 , 5 1 .
QSA C O L / A ~ ~RNAS,
~ , Solomon 1894, Com. G o o d r i c h (HMS R o y a Z i s t )
t o Com. i n C . , 29.8.1894; GOV/A27, I A t o PUC CSD, 1,.10.1894;
Wawn, P r i v a t e Log Para, 1 9 , 21.7.1894.
Bid.
Bid.
Bid.
QSA GOV/A28, I A t o PUS CSD, 18.2.1895.
CW
' A CRS A1 07/988 1, R e p o r t o f Capt . Gaunt (HMS C m b r i a n ) ,
23.7.1907.
S m i t h , P r i v a t e Log L o c h i e l , 4.8.1897.
Woodford, N a t u r a l i s t , 15.
Bid.
RNAS, v.23, NG & S 1886, Corr. Resp. Outr., Case 14, 28-42.
MV 17.9.1884.
Definitions:
A p l a n t a t i o n i s d e f i n e d by f u n c t i o n , n o t by s i z e , ownership o r
t e n u r e : i t i s a n a r e a of cane l a n d o p e r a t e d as a u n i t and p o s s e s s i n g
i t s own steam-powered m i l l , c r u s h i n g cane f o r more t h a n t h r e e con-
s e c u t i v e s e a s o n s . While a m i l l might a l s o c r u s h c a n e from o u t s i d e
t h e p l a n t a t i o n , ' t h e r u l e t h a t f o r e v e r y m i l l t h e r e i s one p l a n t a t i o n
h a s no known e x c e p t i o n . For e a s e i n mapping and g e n e r a l d e s c r i p t i o n
t h i s d e f i n i t i o n e x c l u d e s t h e more p r i m i t i v e animal-powered m i l l s and
any steam-powered m i l l s o p e r a t i n g f o r t h r e e o r less c o n s e c u t i v e seasons.*
No p l a n t a t i o n m i l l s were e s t a b l i s h e d a f t e r 1883: t h i r t y p l a n t a t i o n m i l l s
were e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e P i o n e e r v a l l e y between 1867 and 1883.
* T h e s e . m i l l s a r e l i s t e d i n P a r t B of t h i s Appendix.
Note I: P l a n t a t i o n s ( 1 t o 30) a r e marked on t h e 1877 and 1883 maps in-
cluded i n t h i s Appendix. They were e a r l i e r used a s Maps 5 and 6 of
Chapter Four. Farmers' m i l l s ( t h o s e which were n o t p r e v i o u s l y p l a n t -
a t i o n s ) a r e marked on t h e 1925 map, o r i g i n a l l y Map 1 of Chapter F i v e ) .
Mackay d i s t r i c t , 1877
Pastoral Leases
Aboriginal Reserves
Mackay d i s t r i c t , 188
-
TRAMWAY TOWN
Note 11: P r o s e r p i n e c e n t r a l m i l l began o p e r a t i o n s on 19 September 1897.
The P r o s e r p i n e a r e a h a s n o t been i n c l u d e d i n t h e a r e a under s t u d y i n
this thesis.
1. PIONEER
4. 1868 S p i l l e r a s a g e n t f o r C r e e s , and a c t i n g f o r h i m s e l f ,
r e q u e s t e d B a s s e t t p o r t i o n s 35-6 be t r a n s f e r r e d under t h e 1868
Land Act.
May 1868 Dixon died early in 1868, the land passing'to his
heirs Maria Lindsay Dixon and George Dixon. After probate
they requested the land be passed to Fitzgerald and Davidson.
1870 The mill crushed cane grown by: G.F. Bridgeman, 48 ac.;
A. Kemmis, 5 ac.; W. Russel, 3.5 ac.; W.F. Kennedy, 17.5 ac.;
M. McClusky, 10.5 ac. Alexandra had 221 ac. to crush and
75 ac. of plant cane.
3. PLEYSTOWE
10. Hewitt p a i d t h e r e n t o v e r t h e n e x t t e n y e a r s .
20. 1902 I n q u i r y i n t o a l l e g a t i o n s by t h e f a r m e r s of i n c o r r e c t
management by t h e d i r e c t o r s .
4. CASSADA
(Parish of Greenmount, Port. Nos. 102-4, 107-9)
12. August 1894 Cassada land, 385 ac. 2 rds. is for sale.
5. MEADOWLANDS
-1914
. Racecourse o f f e r e d £17,000 f o r MeadowZands. Meadowlands
s u p p l i e r s , c o n t r a c t e d t o s u p p l y Racecourse f o r 10 y e a r s .
1917 ~eadoulandswas d i s m a n t l e d .
1884 t o 1887 Under bank c o n t r o l , and owned by T. Baker.
J u l y 1894 David J a c k d i e d .
~ e ~ t e m b e1872
r The m i l l began c r u s h i n g ; produced 40 t o n s of
s u g a r i n 1872.
1881 Michael C a r r o l l d i e d .
S l o a n & Co. bought t h e 1,100 a c . from h i s t r u s t e e s f o r 215,000.
10. NEBIA
-1879
. Vacuum pan added.
1882 ~ o u ~ d e owned
n by J . B . Lawes.
12. CEDARS
1897 S t i l l c l o s e d , complete, b u t b e i n g p l u n d e r e d .
13. DUMBLETON
( B a s s e t t P o r t i o n s No. 37 and 46)
1873 M i l l f i r s t c r u s h e d ; and t e n d e r s c a l l e d t o b r e a k up l a n d .
14. INVERNESS
17. TE KOWAI
6. July 1874 The mill was being erected, with vacuum pan.
Albert Throckmorton Ball became a partner with Fitzgerald.
10. 1875-8 Sloan & Co. owned Te Kmai. They made £15,000 profit on
the 1877 crop.
11. September 1877 TQ Kowai offered for sale with the Palms land;
no takers.
18. RICHMOND
December 1881 . M i l l i n o p e r a t i o n .
.-
1888 Richmond, I n v e r n e s s and Glenalbyn were v a l u e d a t f30,OOQ.
1895 'Richmond m i l l p e r m a n e n t l y , c l o s e d .
(RICHMOND T r u s t E s t a t e )
1886 G. F a i r b a i r n t r a n s f e r r e d 44 f 100 d e b e n t u r e s t o R . J .
Jef fray.
George F a i r b a i r n J r . t r a n s f e r r e d 70 £100 d e b e n t u r e s t o manager
of Union Mortgage & Agency Co. of Aust. L t d . , i n r e t u r n f o r a
l i e n on t h e Melbourne-Mackay Sugar Co. c r o p .
1882 BeaconsfieZd f i r s t c r u s h e d .
1892 Henderson d i e d ; m i l l c l o s e d .
2 1. CONNINGSb Y
(Approx. B a s s e t t P o r t . Nos. 237, 238, 231)
1886 Avery o f f e r e d t h e e n g i n e f o r s a l e .
22 .' VICTORIA
1881 The Mackay Sugar Company was formed i n Melbourne and
r e g i s t e r e d 1 8 March 1881 w i t h twenty f 5 0 0 s h a r e s . Its
s h a r e h o l d e r s were: Alexander Richard Mackenzie ( I ) , William
George Kemp (11, George Smith ( I ) , C h a r l e s N e s b i t t ( I ) ,
F r e d e r i c k Armstrong (1) and f o u r t e e n s h a r e s h e l d by t h i r t e e n
Melbourne 'businessmen.
6. 1892 V i c t o r i a f o r s a l e o r l e a s e : 2,525 a c . , , o n e - t h i r d
c l e a r e d w i t h s e v e r a l k i l o m e t r e s of tramway.
7. 1894 J. Antoney l e a s e d t h e l a n d f o r g r a z i n g .
8. 1897
- V i c t o r i a was used a s a meatworks and a b o i l i n g down
works; t h e machinery was a d a p t e d o r s o l d t o , o t h e r m i l l s .
23. FARLEIGH
3. 1882-3 M i l l under e r e c t i o n .
19. 1921 T h r e a t of c l o s u r e , b u t a r i s e i n t h e s u g a r p r i c e k e p t
t h e m i l l . going.
24. HABANA
8. 1886 Double r o l l e r s i n s t a l l e d .
9. 1891 ~ a j d sr u b - d i v i s i o n i n p r o g r e s s .
25. HOMEBUSH
1921 The m i l l w a s c l o s e d .
-
1909 Marian was t h e
under t h e 1893 Act.
f i r s t company t o pay o f f i t s indeb.tedness
27. MT PLEASANT
6. September1885 A d r i a n s u p p l i e d a s a m p l e o f sugar t o t h e
Mercury e d i t o r .
7. 1886 M i l l closed.
28. NINDAROO
29 . PALMYRA
4. 1878 ~ c ~ r e purchased
a d ~ K e e l e y ' s l a n d and combined i t w i t h h i s
own t o s t a r t Pahmjra.
7. 1894 T r i p l e r o l l e r s added.
1898 Cyclone E l i n e wiped o u t a l l b u t 98 t o n s of Palmyrals cane.
30. ASHBURTON
( P a r i s h o f B a s s e t t , P o r t . Nos. 30-3, 54, 219-20, 138,
172, 122, 158, 347 approx.)
-1883
. Pioneer-Ashburton i n c l u d e s 4,242 a c .
1893 Ashburton i n c o r p o r a t e d i n F a r l e i g h - F o u l d e n ; p u r c h a s e
p r i c e supposed t o have been 224,000.
A p e t i t i o n was p r e s e n t e d t o Premier G r i f f i t h .
1890 An i n q u i r y w a s h e l d i n t o c o m p l a i n t s by s h a r e - h o l d e r s .
32. RACECOURSE
1891-3 A l l e g a t i o n s of mismanagement; t h e s h a r e h o l d e r s t r i e d
t o remove t h e d i r e c t o r s . The arguments continued u n t i l 1893,
b u t no major changes took p l a c e .
U n s u c c e s s f u l a t t e m p t s t o e s t a b l i s h m i l l s i n t h e Mackay r e g i o n
( i n chronological o r d e r )
3. SPRINGFIELD
4. ROBB
5 . FLEMING'S MILL
7. MT BLACKWOOD
J e f f r a y s i m i l a r l y bought up s m a l l l a n d b l o c k s b e l o n g i n g t o Hoey,
Richard Ryan and McCluskey.
1884 P e r i . m i l l j u s t e r e c t e d ; i t n e v e r crushed.
1881 P r i v a t e m i l l planned. No f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n .
15. SEAFORTH
-
About 1881 McBryde.,and F i n l a y s o n of Richmond bought 10,000 a c .
a t S e a f o r t h i n t e n d i n g t o b u i l d a m i l l t h e r e . S i r John
Macartney bought 4,000 a c . nearby. J . S . Avery of Mielere a l s o
bought l a n d t h e r e .
3. 1883-4 M i l l planned b u t n o t y e t e r e c t e d .
20 . GREENMOUNT
1. 1865 John Walker a p p l i e d f o r 964 a c . on 28 J u l y 1865; a c c e p t e d
28 August 1865.
2 1. ST HELENS
22. HAMPDEN
1895 New D i r e c t o r s e l e c t e d .
29. BEHHOLME
31. S I L E N T GROVE
1. PIONEER
2. ALEXANDRA
3 . PLEYSTOWE
4. CASSADA
5 . MEADOWLANDS
6 . BRANSCOMBE
9 . MICLERE (DULVERTON)
10. NEBIA
11. FOULDEN
QSA LAN/214, S e l . No. 22; QVP 1866, 1461; QSA LAN/214, No. 24; MM
1 3 May 1869; Kirwan, ' S u g a r I n d u s t r y ' , 5 ; K e r r , Sugar M i l l s , 6 ; b N
7, 2 8 September 1872; QSA CPS 10B/G1, G o o d a l l t o P o l i c e Mag., Bowen,
17 December 1873; MM 3 J u l y 1875, 17 F e b r u a r y 1876, 3 F e b r u a r y 1877;
Qlder 17 F e b r u a r y 1877; S h e p p a r d , P a c i f i c I s l a n d e r s , App.; Roth,
Port Mackay, 66; QSA CPS 10B/G1, G o o d a l l t o R. W a l k e r , 15 F e b r u a r y 1879;
~ u b i l e e1 9 1 2 , 89; QZder 19 F e b r u a r y 1881; MM 16 A p r i l 1881; 31 May
1882; B u l l , E a r l y E x p e r i e n c e s , 410; Pughs 1888, 9 5 ; MM 4 March 1937.
12. CEDARS
1 3 . DUMBLETON
14. INVERNESS
15. RIVER
16. BATXORAL
17. TE KOWAI
18. RICHMOND
QCGC: M4 1 A u g u s t . 1 9 6 7 ; M I ~ u b i z e e1 9 1 2 , 8 , 28; K e r r , S u g a r M ~ Z Z S , 9
( K e r r c i t e s Munro, S u g a r Fields, s a y i n g t h a t a s m a l l m i l l w a s e r e c t e d
i n 1873. R e f e r e n c e n o t l o c a t e d . ) ; 1889, v . 4 , 287-9, MM 7 A p r i l
1877, 16 March 1881, 7 December 1970; CRY 5 a : l ; MI 1 J u n e 1881;
Pughs 1882, 341; Kirwan, 'Sugar I n d u s t r y ' , 2; I@?! 7 May 1881; Q l d e r
31 December 1881, 25 February 1882; I@?! 1 7 F e b r u a r y 1883; Pughs 1885,
458; MCCA: Macartney m a n u s c r i p t ; QVP 1889, v . 4 , 388; ClilM 4 a : l ; MM
14 October 1902, 5 February 1879; Baptismal c e r t . o f A l l a n Curnrning
Denman, 30 May 1895; .Pughs 1886, 490; SJ & TC 15 May 1893.
19. PALMS
20. BEACONSFIELD
2 1. CONNINGSBY
22. VICTORIA
23. FARLEIGH
26. MARIAN
27. MT PLEASANT
28. NINDAROO
29. PALMYRA
30. ASHBURTON
32. RACECOURSE
Kerr, Sugar M i l l s , 3.
3. SPRINGFIELD ( R u s s e l l )
4. ROBB'S MILL
5 . FLEMING'S MILL
Kerr, Sugar M ~ Z Z S , 6.
MM 4 J a n u a r y , 15 February 1873.
7. MT BLACKWOOD
Md 3 October 1874.
MM 24 May 1875.
MM 8 arch 1879.
MM 23 March 1881.
15. SEAFORTH
20. GREENMOUNT
22. HAMPDEN
27. HAMILTON
W 23 March 1895.
29. BEHHOLME
W 14 November 1905.
E a s t e r b y , Queensland, 45.
3 1. SILENT GROVE
Ti m
-F H
2,
B gg
g " "
rn $ 8 s
8 3
w7
L.+.
2,g
3 al
.A
o* 9o
:": I
* -2 s
',
0
.
c
"4
0
C
0
0
; W5
2a 01 kj!
g: i 44
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8E
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e
i+ $ g 2 4 2; r"
1 31
32
200
212
189 1
1890 /
34
200
20
20 3 9 26
6
33 290 60 2 8 2 6
34 40 189 1 24 3 1 5
35 1200 30 50 5 4
36 50 189 3 40 0
37 210 1881 \/ 40 2 3
38 590 38 5 5 4
39 1662 / 60 350 10 0
40 103 189 1 60 12 1 0
41 160 60 30 6 0
42 160 1881 \ 30 40 3 0
43 160 1884 \ 3 40 9
44 160 10 12 1
45 160 30 0
46 160 1881 '\ 1 250 8
47 1280 1886 \ 5 . 35
48 ' 160 1891 \ 4 2 0
49 160 .% 4 0
50 320 1886 \ 1 1 0
51 160 1884 \ k
52 160 1888 \ 1 40 7 0
53 160 1887 \ 3% 10 9 0
54 160 1894 \ 1 10 3 0
55 165 1889 \. 4 35 10 5 0
56 160 1888 \ 2 45 10 10 0
57 160 1888 \ 2 30 0
58 1280 1 40 10 0
59 1280 2 500 70 0
60 160 1 20 . 0
733
-2
7 %0 S
f 5 s8 :. ---
5g
Hs -.- " h
I 8 50 C
",
2 : E
-3
-g
8. . m C
U
C C C
C
0 0 0
2:
z" ; z" 4
61 33 1892 /-
19 10 3
62 33 1892 21% 6 9 % 2
63 480 15 150 25
64 160 1890 \ ,
15 17 5 2
65 160 1887 \ 7 80 13
66 160 5 6
67 2000 1883 \ 46 400 25 6 1 3
68 556 2 20 12 2
69 80 1884 \ 30 15 14 1 3
70 80 1894 \ 40 1 4 0
71 80 1890 \ 6
72 1000 1882 \ 70 100 30 4 6 9
73 50 1894 12 0
74 30 1894 10
75 160 1884 \ 15 3 2
76 160 1892 \ 30 20 8 1 4
77 160 1892 \ 12 . 40 3 1
78 400 13 20 8
79 160 '15
80 48 48
81 330 2% 9 14 3 4
82 380 1882 \ 41 70 20 4 3
83 100 1889 / 54 50 15 4 4
84 22 22 4 1
85 320 1894 \ 5 30 4 0
86 450 29 150 10 % 2 1
87 160 1885 \ 39 16 5 2 2
88 154 1891 \ 14 80 10 1
89 177 1894 50 6 15 314 0
90 130 1894 / 100 15 3 7
A
734
3 2.2c: %
o
10
-F
C1
a
I g .!i .$$
H3 L.2
w
d
C
.-
h
I 8
8 s 9o
8
.
I eC
.-1
Lg -2
',.. ; m
C
,
C
o
C
o
v.
O
0
., I
a
2 7
Eg 8 d
0 0
.4g
d
i
m
C
E i g g E
4
g
w 2: g 8
91 100 2 8 1
92 60 10 0
93 60
94 8220 2 30 125 240 190
95 410 75 40 50 9 12
96 56 6 5 2
97 50 2 3 1
98 60 1 11 2
99 40 3 1 3 3
100 55 1 0
101 80 6 1 2
102 189 1 13 1 5
103 20
104 500 27 250 8 2 1
105 50 1894 3 4
106 100 4 0
107 50 1 1 2
108 50 1894 15 0
109 500 1879 \ '20 200 20 1 6
110 22 1893 8 0
111 60 1893 22 10 2 2
112 300 1892 35 20 5
113 160 30 4
114 357 26 15 2
115 1907 25 4 2
116 ? -k 4001-
117 898 1887 \ 90 25 16 2 2
118 40 189 1 27 9 2
119 50 15 6 3
120 20 18 2 1 2
735
-2
V)
-8 10
B 2
o a
s8 Hg $ 3
&
I a -
-a
C
2 2
J i
h
-
8 s
20e
a
C C
k$
s? -3
C
i
4
C
0
t+
8
a+
i g &i
La
0 0
;
4
a
g
w
aJ
II
2Z
a
2 4 t
d
+
121 78 1893 , 35 1 7 1 1
122 80 1893 48 7 1
123 75 1893 64 3 7 1
124 69 1893 / 15 2 8 0
125 / 5 11 1
78
126 70 1894 / 3 10 1
127 160 1891 \ 40 6 7 6 1
128 240 1894 / 25 0
129 117 1893 / 25 6
130 119 / 30 12
131 258 107 2 20 14 7
132 85 1894 / 25 6 1
133 211 68 5 10 3
/.
134 69 1894 20 8 1
135 / 37 5
75
136 550 1891 180 80 28 1 5 30
137 81 1894 I8 . 7 1 1
138 65 1893 / 26 4 6 0
139 130 1893 '10 6
140 101 1893 I 20 4 8 1
141 125 1893 / 42 4 0
142 40 25 30 1
143 400 1892 \ 19 6 20 7
189 1 / 30 6 3
144 32 8 1
145 40 1891 / 40 6 5
146 30 '1892 I13 1 6 10
1 47 8 1892 / 8 3 4
148 30 / 27 7 5
149 160 189 3 / 17 9 15 1 4
150 30 / 19 4 3
APPENDIX FOUR: Census of the Mackay Sugar Industry of late 1894
APPENDIX FOUR: Census of the Mackay Sugar Industry of late 1894
APPENDIX FOUR: Census of the Mackay Sugar Industry of late 1894
-
Employees (family not included)
10
.i
-3
ii
n
o a
2
2. -.
L
l
E
o
2,
9 = 4
c - m
c
u
C
0
s
C
0
o c
0
: w5
v,
I
a
ggII d
i
4a
0
w 2 2 g 4 wS> H
211 160 1888 \ 5 30 6 0
212 244 1881 \ 22 7 12 3 '
213 50 1894 / 3 3 1
214 100 1891 \ 60 6 2 2
215 100 1894 24 8 2 2
2 16 80 1892 / 60 2 9 4
217 150 1891 \ 21 5 10 1 5
218 82 1892 25 8 1 3
219 52 189 3 12 4 4 2 1
220 80 1891 / 50 15 10 1 5
221 62 30 2 7 1 4
/
222 62 10
/
223 60 28 1 4 1 2
,-' 18 11 1 5
224 81 189 1 60
225 60 1892 34 3 6 4
226 70 1892 22 3 6 1 2
227 110 1892 1 20 . 3 3 1 2
228 ' 67 1892 18 2 7 1 2
229 36 1892 '10 1 8 1
230 123 1892 / 50 3 8 1 10
231 96 189 1 1 24 1 8 1
2 32 79 1893 ,-' 14 4 0
233 81 1891 15 7 1
234 65 1891 23 5 1
235 61 36 1 5 0
236 60 1890 24 10 1
237 51 1891 35 6 1 1
238 132 189 1 61 30 11 1
239 68 1892 25 3 9 1 2
240 415 1883 \ 54 35 9 1 4
739
3 3 a
a
f 2
k a sm
a
.
A
a
-
I
;
3
C
8 h v
a+, C
0
C
0
d 0
m
g E
+a
0
U 2 g z"
241 65 1894 5 0
2 42 71 1894 7 1 1
243 104 1894 3 7 1 1
244 85 1894 18 15 7 1
2 45 60 1894 3 7 1
246 90 1894 2 11 2
247 80 1894 5 1
248 160 1882 8 5 1 2
1 E
2.2 3 z.
-! 3
2 sI .a!i .&
6 w
d $ 8 5 '2 5g
+
: is g
" i;
CI
m
U 8
C
5O 9a
o
C
0 d
m
C
0
C
0
C
0 11) a Eg d
$
C
0
I- 2 $ g w
271 160 \, 6 0
272 320 % 0
273 103 2
274 150 15 3 '
275 1221 2
276 100 2 0
277 150 4 0
278 158 6
279 953 3%
280 400 5
281 400 5
282 319 5
283 160 10
284 220 6 0
2 85 73 1894 3% 2
286 104 1894 k
287 50 1894 3 .
288 ' 100 1894 6
289 1920 SO 200 100 2 3
290 320 5 6
291 160 4 60 5 2
292 160 5 25 8
293 322 1891 98 12 3 21
294 856 1878 79 4
295 424 1881 17 13 40 6
296 160 1888 \ 46
297 160 20
298 37 1891 / 30 3 7 8 1
299 26 / 26 6 1
300 25 1892 15 5 1 1
APPENDIX FOUR: Census of the Mackay Sugar Industry of late 1894
1 % m
-! 5
a
g .z $a
--
EI --..
w
h
8 5 C $a
4
m
O c
tj C
8 2
C
0
C
s
a
8? 4
U
o m
g.8II
0
z" 2fi z
d
0 0
z" g
4
$
w $L
33 ; 4 4 2*
361 152 1891 15 5 1 3
362 107 1894 12 2 6
363 68 1893 ' 12 1 3
364 400 1892 60 40 25 3 12
365 80 1893 12 4 1 1
366 42 1891 13 2 6 2 2
36 7 70 1893 11 6 2
368 45 1893 10 1 4 /
369 44 1893 12 2
370 63 1891 36 1 8 2 4
371 50 5% 2
372 50 13 8 2
373 52k 1892 9 100 15 2 2
3 74 33 15 6
375 35 1894 15 3
3 76 70 1894 12 3
377 160 15 . 4 1 3
.-
378 70 \ 19 9 2
379 74 12 8 2 2
/
380 110 22 12 2
381 300 1880 \. 30 80 30 4 8
382 274 1891 1 73 1 12
383 1475 1885 \ 128 200 40 20 8 15
384 315 1893 \ 50 100 22 5 7
385 68 1892 37 0
386 325 1888 ,-' 50 40 20 3 4
387 50 1886 ,-' 20 6 6 1 1
TABLE ONE All known charges brought against Melanesians in the Mackay district 1871-1907
.- - .-.. . -
1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1178 1879 1880 1811 1081 1883 1884 1805 1866 1887 I888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1194 189s 1896 1897 1898 I899 1900 1901 1901 1901 1904 1905 1906 1907
I Mu,& 1 1 1 I 1 11 9 7 8 1 1 1 I I U)
9 :E22~ 1 1 1 1 ' 3
z
-
I 1 6 I 6 4 4 1 1 1 3 35
* 4 A...ult 1 1 3 3 5 1 1 6 1 7 4 S 11 11 11 14 I 4 I3 11 1 1 , 5 1 4 3 1 1 14 4 4 1UI
5 h u h md rob- ' I I I 7
E 21 P ,
8 3' E
6
8
Paw of .fon.lc
1nhcrnt uwult of
Inkentrzporun
. 8
1
1 6
1
1
1
I
I
17
3
I
2
-
17 ?oucuionof f u r m
la sm~hofrlKKhS.An/disobryhrhrl& 1 I I 1 % 0 4 8 a 9 . 1 3 7 ~ I I ~ I U I 6S 3I 4~ ~ 116
19 D m b q G u n ordcr 1 1 3
i lo hbwond or b rbtnr 1- hind 1 . 1 0 1 3 6 1 7 S 1 1 1 . 6 1 8 14 1 10 6 10 3 9 11 11 14 10 16 7 1 1 10 1 116
I1 Vaprxnq I 4 I 1 1 6 . 16 16
12 In common p n b l i n g haur 1I 11
I3 Anon 1 1 I 1 I
24 u'ill~lk m c d m of pmpcrr), 1 6 1 1 1 11
if 15
26
Buqlvy
Lvceny 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1
3
3 9 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s: =
I1 F a l v prttrnm I 1
- 28
29
1llqdg on the p m k a
Of u n w n d m i d
1
1
1 1 1
I
1 1
1
1 1
3 1 4
1
1 3
1
3 3 1
1
1 1 1
11
29
10 SmillLkbaCwn 1 1 78 3 1 4 . 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
I
S 0 10 28 10 . 1 15 11 10 17 I 0 10 14 39 23 I9 33 I6 67 91 SO 47 I0 93 146 91 107 111 117 38 14 11 47 43 16 1391
Table Two: The total and Melanesian population of the Mackay District compared with charges brought in the
District's Magistrate Courts
-
District Persons District Charges Charges Charges
population taken into Melanesian brought against brought by brought by
custody in population Melanesians Melanesians non-Melanesians
the district concerning
Melanesians
Total : Total: Total: Total : Total: Total :
- - --
€ 9€ --to0 '7 L 061
S E '7 656 L88 9061
11 L '7 SO61
'7 1 1Z 0921 PO61
Z '7 T. 10€1 €061
'7 8E 80L1 2061
8 LZ1 SL'71 '7'71 11 1061
'7 121 SLLT 6SS 0061
8 LO1 '7891 6681
€1 16 PLOZ 8681
$1 9'71 08L1 L681
€1 £6 19 6 1 9681
5 0S L9T.Z 269 5681
'7 L9 89TZ '7681
'7 1 0s 1802 €681
T T. 16 ZOTZ 2681
Table Three: Comparison o'f t h e t o t a l number of p e r s o n s t a k e n i n t o custody i n t h e Mackay D i s t r i c t w i t h
Melanesians i n t h e s a k e c a t e g o r i e s , 1875 t o 1900
(Source: Report upon the financial cotidition of the Pacific Islanders' HOSpit;lls, 10 October 1887, as presented to both
Houscs of Parlian~cnt;Qucetlslaail Government Printer, Brisbane 1887.)
TABLE ONE
Summary of Total Il~debtednessof Polynesian IlospitaIs t o the Pacific Islanders' Fund, to 30th September, l8S7,
showing each Year as at 31st December.
--
1887
District 1883 1834 1885 1886 To 30th September, Total
9 Montl~s
'The fees cullcctablc during the last three months of 1887 will probably amount t o 192 0 0
And the expenditure to 2,376 14 1
Estimated defic~cncyat 3 1st December 2,602 5 7
With a total estimated indebtedness at 3 1st December, 1887, of £21,263 15 3
TABLE TWO
Comparison o'f Amounts Chvged Pacific Islanders' Fund on Account of Hospitals for l8S6,
with True Expenditure on same, also expected True Expenditure for 1887
TABLE THREE
Comparison of Actual Revenue of Hospitals for 1886,with Expected Revenue for 1887
I s . d . E s . d E s . d & s. d. E s. d
Hospital receipts in 1886 887 15 1 2,516 2 3 997 16 1 551 19 1 4,953 12 9
Islanders in each Hospital District, as at 30th September, 1887, with Estimate of Number upon whom
Hospital Fees will accrue a t 1st January, 1888
Note: These figures are approximate only, as Islanders move about very much from one district t o another.
Less-
Deaths
Departures
Estimate-
Difference between arrivals and deaths
and departures for 3 months, t o Minus 25 Plus 33 Minus 5 Minus 9 Minus 6
3 1st December
E s d E s d E s d £ s d f s d
1883- Dr.
December (Half-year ending)
1884-
June
December
1885-
June
December
1886-
June
December
1887-
June 1,589 15 5 2,528 1 0 11,080 14 7
September (three months)+ 773 6 2 ' 203 8 Ot
2,363 1 7 2,731 9 0 Cr. 368 7 5
*The very heavy expendirure of 1884 and 1885 was curtailed in subsequent periods on the urgent pressure of this
Department.
t F e e s are collected for the year in January, the source of income for the r e a of the year bcing dcrived from reingage-
rnents and new arrivals. Vide Table 5 for estimate of these collections t o 31st December, 1887.
+The accounts for September espenditure, except salaries not t o hand.
§Estimated debit a t 31st December, 1887,&11,808'5s. 9d.
TABLE SIX
True Expenditure for Year 1886 of the Mackay Islander Hospital, with Analysis
Analysis
Salaries- E s d E s d E s d
Medical officers (2) 1,050 0 0
European attendants 249 10 4
S.S. Island attendants 174 0 4
1,473 10 8
Bread
Meat
Fish
Milk
Fruit and vegetables
General store account
Fuel and light
Sundries
Furniture
Ruzdings and mainrenance
Comments on t h e n u t r i t i o n a l v a l u e of t h e d a i l y p r o v i s i o n s s p e c i f i e d
f o r i s s u e t o e v e r y Melanesian l a b o u r e r under t h e t e r n s of t h e 1868
Act.
Lbs.
- Oz
- .
Yams 4 0
(or r i c e ) 1% 0
( o r maize meal) 1% 0
Meat ( p o r k o r b e e f ) 1 0
Tea 0 0%
Sugar 0 2
The d a i l y p r o v i s i o n s f o r e a c h s t a t u t e a d u l t w h i l e under i n d e n t u r e i n
Queensland were:
Lbs.
- Oz .
-
Beef o r mutton 1 0
(or f i s h ) 2 0
Bread o r f l o u r 1 0
Molasses o r s u g a r 0 5
vegetaEle%- 2 0
(or rice) 0 4
'(or maize meal) 0 8
Weekly p r o v i s i o n of s a l t 0 2
H i L i ~ r un~onihof
~ F u n fronds
T a r o lcaf \Vild grccns
*Tomatoes Fungi
T h i n c s c cabbagc
'\Vatcrcrus
*Cucumlcrs
*Shallots
-
p ~ b r r t o lodo/r~rrnls
Both
.
(6-14-vrors)
Both
llconrd
injonts
or smoN
A f o l r ~ F c r ~ ~ o l r r Jrxrr hlolrr Frnrolts ~rxss childrm
GVOJS
wrixhf
i n ouncts
*Protein foods ...... 1.200 1.778 1.417 1.667 3.333 2.500 .....
Carbohydrat c s . . . . . 40.600 40.556 40.583 41.000 39.167 40.083 25.667
V c g c t a b l u ......... 12.000 16.000 13.500 17.500 14.667 16.083 11 -333
N u t s .............. 7.667 5.111 6.708 4.000 6.000 5.000 .....
Fruits.. ........... 7.267 2.556 5.500 2.167 ....
I .083 0.667
Totals.. ...... 68.734 66.000 67.708 66.334 63.167 64.749 37.667
Prrcrnlogr
of d i r t
by wtighls
Protcin foods ....... 1.7 2.7 2.1 2.5 5.3 3.9 ...
C a r b o h y d r a t u . . ... 59.1 61.4 59.9 61.8 62.0 61.9 68.3
\ ' c g c ~ a b l a......... 17.5 24.2 19.9 26.4 23.2 24.9 30.1
N u t s .............. 11.2 7.7 9.9 G.0 9.5 7.7 ...
F r u i u ............. 10.6 3.9 8.1 3.3 ... 1.7 1.8
Portions a r c in ounces pcr pcrson per day and p c r c e n t a ~ e sof type of food b)
xzcight. Thr d i c t a q sdmcy involvrd thrrr houscl~oldsfor a ninc-day span. T h c r c
xccrc ciSht adults, four juvcnilcs, and two ~ c a n c d"infants."
Ross: The s u r p r i s i n g t h i n g about Baegu d i e t i s t h e heavy r e l i a n c e
upon predominantly s t a r c h y f o o d s , p a r t i c u l a r l y t a r o and sweet p o t a t o e s
Analyses of t h e s e two food c r o p s by Massal and Barrau* r e v e a l t h a t
C o l o c a s i a e s c u z e n t a t a r o t u b e r s a v e r a g e 1 . 9 p e r c e n t p r o t e i n by weight
and sweet p o t a t o t u b e r s 1 . 7 p e r c e n t p r o t e i n . Both y i e l d o n l y s m a l l
amounts of v i t a m i n s and e s s e n t i a l m i n e r a l s . Both a r e mostly w a t e r
(72.5% and 70.8% by w e i g h t ) , w i t h c a r b o h y d r a t e components of 24
p e r c e n t and 28.5 p e r c e n t r e s p e c t i v e l y .
I r o n i n t a k e would b e up t o 5 t i m e s a d u l t male r e q u i r e m e n t s .
Calciwn i n t a k e would b e w e l l i n e x c e s s of n e e d s . A l l t h e V i t . B.
cotnpZex - t h i a m i n e , r i b o f l a v i n , n i a c i n would b e w e l l i n e x c e s s of
a d u l t male r e q u i r e m e n t s .
R.D.A.
P r o t e i n (g)
F a t (g)
Carbohydrate (g)
Calcium (mg)
I r o n (mg)
Thiamine (mg )
R i b o f l a v i n (mg)
N i a c i n (mg)
A s c o r b i c Acid (mg)
Energy (kJ)
Daily :
-
Lbs. oz
7
.
mutton 1 0
Bread - o r f l o u r 1 8
Sugar 0 5
P o t a t o e s ( o r 6 oz. r i c e ) 3 0
Tea 0 0%
Weekly :
Salt 0 2