CHAPTER II

“REVIEW OF LITERATURE”

The review of the literature for this study focuses on education

and it’s role in shaping the future of students in K to 12 curriculum.
The literature will also discuss issues about job market, job mismatch,
competitiveness and marketability or employability.

At this pace of this changing society and economy a lot of actions

should take place. They have to face a lot of challenges especially
educators who are being asked to do more with less due to rapidly
evolving technologies and ongoing shifts in global economy and
demography. A successful education system will need to be of paramount
importance if a multicultural society to be succeed and prosper in the
future. Education is a gateway to a better job and greater earning
potential. One key to understanding this issue is an appreciation of the
overall landscape education and training.

Aquino ,G.V (1981) as an educator says regardless of view of

each the curriculum maybe considered the success or lack of success
of that curriculum primarily lies in the hand of the classroom teacher.
In this regard, it is believed that TVL instruction depends on the
teachers preparation in teaching, the teaching methods and techniques,
evaluation instruments and the resourcefulness in solving problems met
in instruction.

People are ignorant of the importance of the vocational subjects

which could help male and female students receive formation and were
able to work solution to problems. Also, it enables the students to
acquire skills, abilities essentials for independent life met up with
personal and family needs more especially in this economic difficulties.

According to Clikeman, (2000). Just because you have a classroom

full of students who are about the same age does’nt mean they are
equally ready to learn a particular topic, concept, skill or idea. It was
important for teachers and parents to understand that maturation of
the brain influences learning readiness. For teachers this was especially
important when designing lessons and selecting strategies to use. She
added that all children need to be challenged and nurtured in order
to profit from your instruction. Instruction that was above or below
the maturity level of a child’s brain was not only in appropriate. It
can lead to behavior problems in your classroom. In appropriate
behaviors avoidance, challenging authority and aggression towards other
students can be explained by a failure to match instruction to the brain
maturity of your students.

Furthermore, she stressed that all brain functions do not mature

at the same rate. A young child with highly advanced verbal skills
may develop gross and fine motor control more slowly and have trouble
learning to write clearly. Another child may be advanced physically but
not know how to manage his/her social skills. Others may be cognitively
advanced but to show emotional immaturity.

The 12- year pre-university education has become the international

standard. In 2012, the DepED to implement the K-12 education system.
The high school from the former system will now be called Junior High
School while Senior High School will be the 11th and 12th year of the
new educational system. It will served as a specialization upper
secondary education with the Senior High School, students may choose
a specialization based on the aptitude, interest and school capacity.
The choice of career track will define the content of the subjects a
students will take in Grade 11 and 12. Senior High School subject fall
under either the core curriculum or specific tracks.
 CHAPTER III

“METHODOLOGY”

This chapter discusses the research methodology used in the

study. This chapter will cover all aspects concerning the over all data
in the research. This includes the research environment, research
respondents pf the study, and the sampling techniques used to collect
a data. It also includes the validated research instrument given to the
respondents, the data collecting procedure, and the statistical treatment
used to determine the main factor of tardiness.

This chapter will present the research environment, locale

of the study and the respondent of the study, sampling procedure,
research instrument, the administration instrument scoring procedure,
and the treatment of the data. A descriptive method such as
frequency and percentage computation, analysis of variance and
analysis was used to describe the general finding of the study.
A survey instrument was too utilized to gather data. The survey for
the factors that influence students in choosing a course was
administered to Senior High School students at Dalaguete National
High School. This survey instrument was designed to obtain the
topics assessment of the relative importance of major college choice
factors as well as definite demographic data.
RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

This research study is underpinned by a culture of integrity and

based on good governance, best practice and support for the
development of researchers. Includes clear policies, practices, procedures
to support researchers, suitable learning, training, mentoring
opportunities to support researchers.

RESEARCH RESPONDENT

In this research study, the chosen subjects or respondents are

the Senior High School students under Academic Strands of Dalaguete
National High School. The total number of respondents are 20 and
are distributed divided into two, 10 for Technical Vocational Livelihood
(TVL) Cookery Grade 10 students, 10 for Technical Vocational Livelihood
(TVL) Cookery 10 teachers random sampling is being applied upon
choosing the respondents from the strands.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

For this study, the Likert Scale was used to achieve the core
objective of the revision. A self- administered question was distributed
to the selected grade 10 students. The questionnaire given to the
grade 10 students aimed to assess their knowledge about the factors
that affect in choosing their college course. This focus of the assessment
were based on the principles introduced by various author. The study
used an adopted questionnaire from the study of Joel P. Betacura was
revised and used to gather the primary information and to attain the
objectives of the study and determined the factors affecting students
result in choosing a course was not given the opportunity to answer
the survey because we only aim for the 20% of the population.
RESEARCH PROCEDURES

The research question which this study sets out to answer to

the reasons why certain students are attracted to technology and
whether this evident passion can be correlated with improvements in
academic performance. It was necessary to use a large sample as
possible in order to draw valid conclusions about the measured variables
in order to determine whether a pattern exists between the variables
in question.

GATHERING OF DATA

The different data and information in this research study came

from reliable resources like the information from the internet websites,
research papers, dissertations, scholarly articles, academic journals and
online books. These information are being carefully compiled and
gathered by the researchers respectively with the copy of it’s source,
link authors name and date of publication.

TREATMENT OF DATA

The research study being conducted does’nt use high level of

statistics. The researchers only aims to determine the frequency, percent
and rank in order to get the results from the gathered data.

FREQUENCY- is used in order to determine the total number of

responses being made by the respondents in each questions.

PERCENT-is used in order to determine the differences of every

frequency and to it’s relation to the whole.

RANKING-is used in order to determine the position of a frequency and

it’s level of significance to the whole.