ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our first and foremost duty to express our heartily gratitude and
allegiance to our beloved chairman Mr.P.SRIRAM for being our inspiration
throughout the entire period of course.

We would like to thank our Principal Dr.K.S.SRINIVASAN, Ph.D., for

his constructive criticism towards improving our project.

We would like to extend our faithful thanks to

Mr.M.D.VIJAYAKUMAR, M.E.,(Ph.D.)., Head of the Department,
Mechanical Engineering for his sustained help, guidance and inspiration in
doing this project and making this a successful one.

We would like to thank our guide Mr.S.SIVARAJ, M.Tech., for his

guidance and giving entire support to us in doing this project. We also thank
him for giving his innovative ideas.

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to all the faculty and
supporting staff of Mechanical Engineering Department for the help they
extended for completion of project.

This project is dedicated to our parents and friends who were with us during
the tough times by extending their full support to us.

i
 ABSTRACT

“AUTOMATIC HAND BRAKE RELEASE” is nothing but one of the

breaking systems in automobile at the time of vehicle switch off condition. In

this breaking system motorized operated one.

In this project, the control unit is received the signal from the key switch. The

key switch is ‘ON’ at the time of vehicle start condition. The first time clutch is

applied so that the motor is rotating in forward direction for 2 secs to release the

break (Already wheel is on braking condition). The key switch is ‘OFF’ the

motor is rotating in reward direction for 2 secs to applying the brake.

The Automatic hand break Release for passenger car system working from the

main air brake pressure lines and a pressure switch is provided which trips once

the air pressure for the separate air brake system of a passenger car is reached.

This pressure switch in turn energizes another mechanism, either a piston or

other internal types of mechanical connection, which then pushes up the brake

lever release releasing the handbrake. Since each handbrake on each end of car

is connected to the main air brake system through pressure sensitive valves, all

manual handbrakes are released on car once the air pressure of the train is

brought up to a certain level.

ii
 SYNOPSIS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

ABSTRACT ii

SYNOPSIS iii
LIST OF FIGURES vii

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Parking Brake 1
1.2 Parking Brake Mechanisms 2

1.3 Parking Brake Levers 3

1.4 Parking Brake Linkage 3
1.5 Types of Parking Brakes 4

1.6 Drum Parking Brake 4

1.7 Disc Parking Brakes 5

1.7.1 Caliper Parking Brake 5

1.7.2 Exclusive Parking Brake 6

1.8 Applications 7
7
1.6 Future scope

iii
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 8

2.1 Design And Fabrication of 8

Electromechanical Parking Brake system

2.2 Advancements In Automatic Hand brake 8

System

2.3 Automatic Emergency Braking System 9

2.4 Automatic Hand Brake System 10

3 MANUFACTURING PROCESS 11
3.1 Proposed Work 11
3.1.1 Physical Properties 11
3.1.2 Mechanical Properties 11
3.1.3 The Various Properties 11
3.2 Mild Steel 12
3.3 Machine Construction 14
3.4 Manufacturing Process
15
3.4.1 Metal Cutting
15
3.4.1.1 Sawing
16
3.4.2 Welding
17
3.4.2.1 Operation of SMAW
18
3.4.3 Drilling
19
3.4.3.1 Operation of Drilling
19

iv
4 CONSTRUCTION & WORKING 21
PRINCIPLE

4.1 Construction 21

4.2 Main Components of Automatic Hand Brake 21

Release

4.2.1 Pneumatic Cylinder 22

4.2.1.1 Double Acting Cylinder 22

4.2.1.2 Double Acting Cylinder 22

………Specification

4.2.2 Solenoid Valve 24

4.2.2.1 Working of Solenoid Valve 25

4.2.3 Hose And Connector 26

4.2.3.1 Hose Specification 26

4.2.3.2 Hose Connector Specification 27

4.2.4 Controller 27

4.2.4.1 General Specification of 29

………PIC16F877

4.2.4.2 Relay 30

4.2.5 Sheet Metal 32

4.2.6 Push Button 33

4.2.7 Frame 33

4.3 Working Principle 34

v
5 CALCULATION & DESIGN OF 35
AUTOMATIC HAND BRAKE RELEASE

5.1 Calculation of Pneumatic Cylinder 35

5.1.1 Design of Piston Rod 35

5.2 Design of Automatic Hand Brake Release 37
5.2.1 Sketches of components 37
5.3 Advantages 39
6 CONCLUSION 40
7 PHOTOGRAPHY 41
8 REFERENCES 42

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO
1.1 Parking Brake Levers 3

1.2 Parking Brake Linkage 4

1.3 Drum Type Parking Brake Components 4

1.4 Caliper Parking Brake Assembly 5

1.5 Exclusive Parking Brake Assembly 6

1.6 Exclusive Parking Brake Components 7

3.1 Metal Cutting Process 15

3.2 Sawing Cutting Machine 16

3.3 Operation of SMAW 18

3.4 Drilling Process 19

4.1 Double Acting Cylinder 22

4.2 Solenoid Valve 25

4.3 Hose Collar 27

4.4 Hose Reducer 27

4.5 Peripheral Interface Controller 28

4.6 General Description of PIC16F877 30

4.7 Relay Circuit 31

4.8 Push Button 33

4.9 Frame 34

5.1 Hose Collar 37

5.2 Hose Reducer 38

5.3 Two Dimensional Layout of Model 38

vii
viii