CE 333

Geotechnical Engineering II

Sultan Mohammad Farooq

Sheikh Sharif Ahmed

Department of Civil Engineering

Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology
 Slope Stability

Assume that, there is seepage through the soil and that the
groundwater level coincides with the ground surface.

The shear strength of the soil is-

𝝉𝒇 = 𝒄′ + 𝝈′ 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅′(17)

The slope failure occurs by the movement of soil above the

plane 𝑨𝑩 from right to left.
 Slope Stability

Figure 03a
Analysis of Infinite Slope with Seepage
 Slope Stability

Figure 03b
Analysis of Infinite Slope with Seepage
 Slope Stability

Let us consider a slope element 𝒂𝒃𝒄𝒅 that has a unit length

perpendicular to the plane of the section shown.

The forces, 𝑭, that act on the faces 𝒂𝒃 and 𝒄𝒅 are equal

and opposite and can be ignored.
 Slope Stability

 The weightof the soil element,

𝑾 = 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑳𝑯(18)
Where,
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
 The weight𝑾 can be resolved into two components:
1. Force perpendicular to plane 𝑨𝑩
= 𝑵𝒂 = 𝑾𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷 = 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑳𝑯𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷 (19)
2. Force parallelto plane 𝑨𝑩
= 𝑻𝒂 = 𝑾𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷 = 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑳𝑯𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜷 (20)
 Slope Stability

Figure 03a
Analysis of Infinite Slope with Seepage
 Slope Stability

Figure 03b
Analysis of Infinite Slope with Seepage
 Slope Stability

 The reaction to the weight𝑾is an equal&opposite force

𝑹.

 The normal&tangential components of 𝑹 with respect to

the plane 𝑨𝑩 are-

𝑵𝒓 = 𝑹 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷 = 𝑾 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷 = 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑳𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷(21)

And

𝑻𝒓 = 𝑹 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷 = 𝑾 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷 = 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑳𝑯 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷(22)

 Slope Stability

Figure 03a
Analysis of Infinite Slope with Seepage
 Slope Stability

Figure 03b
Analysis of Infinite Slope with Seepage
 Slope Stability

 The total normal stress at the base of the slope element,

𝑵𝒓 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑳𝑯𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷
𝝈= 𝑳 = 𝑳 = 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷(23)
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷
(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷)

 The total shear stress at the base of the slope element,

𝑻𝒓 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑳𝑯𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷
𝝉= 𝑳 = 𝑳 = 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷 (24)
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷
(𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷)
 Slope Stability

The resistive shear stressdeveloped at the base of the

element is-

𝝉𝒅 = 𝒄′𝒅 + 𝝈′ 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅′𝒅 = 𝒄′𝒅 + 𝝈 − 𝒖 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅′𝒅 (25)

Where,

𝑢 = pore water pressure

 Slope Stability

Figure 03a
Analysis of Infinite Slope with Seepage
 Slope Stability

Figure 03b
Analysis of Infinite Slope with Seepage
 Slope Stability

From Fig. 03-

𝑢 = Height of water in piezometer placed at 𝑓 𝛾𝑤 = ℎ𝛾𝑤

And

𝒉 = 𝒆𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷 = 𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷 = 𝑯𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷

So

𝒖 = 𝜸𝒘 𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷
 Slope Stability

Substituting the values of 𝜎 (Eq. 23) and 𝑢 into Eq. 25,

𝝉𝒅 = 𝒄′𝒅 + 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷 − 𝜸𝒘 𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅′𝒅

=𝒄′𝒅 + 𝜸′ 𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅′𝒅 (26)

Now, from Eq. 24 and 26,

𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷 = 𝒄′𝒅 + 𝜸′ 𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅′𝒅

Or
𝒄′𝒅 𝜸′
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜷 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅′𝒅 (27)
𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑯 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕

Where,𝛾 ′ = 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝛾𝑤 = effective unit weight of soil

 Slope Stability

𝐹𝑠 = 𝐹𝑐 = 𝐹𝜑
𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅′ 𝒄′
𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅′𝒅 = & 𝒄′𝒅 = 𝑐′ tan ∅′
𝑭𝒔 𝑭𝒔 ′ =
𝑐𝑑 tan ∅′𝑑

Substituting the above relationships into Eq. 27, the factor

of safety with respect to strength-

𝒄′ 𝜸′ 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅′
𝑭𝒔 = + (28)
𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝑯 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜷 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜷
 Slope Stability

EXAMPLE 01
An infinite slope is shown in figure 04. There is ground
water seepage and the ground water table coincides with
the ground surface.

a) Determine the factor of safety, 𝐹𝑠

b) Determine the height for 𝐹𝑠 = 1

Figure 04
Example 01
 Slope Stability

EXAMPLE 01 : SOLUTION
a)
𝑐′ 𝛾 ′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′
𝐹𝑠 = 2
+
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝐻 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽
10 18 − 9.81 tan 25
= 2
+
18 × 6 × cos 15 tan 15 18 tan 15
= 0.37 + 0.79

𝑭𝒔 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟔
 Slope Stability

EXAMPLE 01 : SOLUTION
b)
𝑐′ 𝛾 ′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′
𝐹𝑠 = 2
+
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝐻 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽
10 18 − 9.81 tan 25
1= 2
+
18 × 𝐻 × cos 15 tan 15 18 tan 15
2.22
1= + 0.79
𝐻
𝟐. 𝟐𝟐
𝑯= = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟕 𝒎
𝟎. 𝟐𝟏