Steering Control Valve - HMU Steering 950G 2002

950G Wheel Loader 5FW00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3126 Engine(SEBP27...
Page 1 of 15
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Product: WHEEL LOADER

Model: 950G WHEEL LOADER 5FW
Configuration: 950G Wheel Loader 5FW00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY
3126 Engine
Systems Operation
950G Wheel Loader, 962G Wheel Loader and IT62G Integrated Toolcarrier Steering
System
Media Number -SENR1383-05 Publication Date -01/05/2000 Date Updated -09/10/2001
i01760545
Steering Control Valve - HMU Steering

SMCS - 4307
S/N - 3JW1-UP
S/N - 4PW1-UP
S/N - 5FW1-UP
S/N - 5MW1-UP
S/N - 6EW1-UP
S/N - 6HW1-UP
S/N - 6PS1-UP
S/N - 7BW1-UP
S/N - 8JW1-UP
S/N - AKP1-UP
S/N - BDP1-UP
Note: In the following illustration, the operator's cab is removed for clarity.
https://127.0.0.1/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/sisweb/sisweb/... 09-Jan-19
950G Wheel Loader 5FW00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3126 Engine(SEBP27... Page 2 of 15
Illustration 1 g00305063
Steering Control Valve
The steering control valve is located on the right side of the machine under the operator's platform.
The steering control valve is also located above the hydraulic oil tank.
NEUTRAL Position
Schematic of the Steering Control Valve
NEUTRAL Position
(1) Steering control valve. (2) Directional spool. (3) Pilot load check valve for left turns. (4) Port for the steering cylinder
for left turns. (5) Crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders. (6) Port for the steering cylinder for right turns. (7)
Pilot load check valve for right turns. (8) Makeup check valve. (9) Makeup check valve. (10) Drain port for the metering
pump. (11) Hydraulic oil tank port. (12) Backup relief valve for the steering system. (13) Inlet from the steering pump.
(14) Damping orifice for the spool. (15) Selector spool. (16) Pilot port for left turns. (17) Pilot port for right turns. (18)
Damping orifice for the spool. (19) Steering metering pump supply port. (20) Flow control orifice.
(3) Pilot load check valve for left turns
(4) Port for the steering cylinder for left turns
(5) Crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders
(6) Port for the steering cylinder for right turns
(7) Pilot load check valve for right turns
(9) Makeup check valve
(10) Drain port for the metering pump
(11) Hydraulic oil tank port
(12) Backup relief valve for the steering system
(13) Inlet from the steering pump
(14) Damping orifice for the spool
(15) Selector spool
(16) Pilot port for left turns
(17) Pilot port for right turns
(19) Steering metering pump supply port
(20) Flow control orifice
View C-C
NEUTRAL Position
(2) Directional spool
(3) Pilot load check valve for left turns
(15) Selector spool
(21) Passage to the steering cylinder for left turns
(22) Passage to the steering cylinder for right turns
(23) Retainer
(24) Spring
(25) Drain passage for the metering pump
(26) Passage for the inlet from the steering pump
(27) Drain passage to the hydraulic oil tank
With the engine in operation, oil is drawn from the hydraulic oil tank to the steering pump. The
pressure oil then flows to steering control valve (1) .
Note: Machines that are equipped with the secondary steering attachment have several additional
components. The components include the secondary steering pump and electric motor, and a
secondary steering valve. If your machine includes the secondary steering attachment, the pressure oil
from the steering pump flows to the secondary steering valve before the oil flows to the steering
control valve.
When the steering wheel is stationary, the steering control valve is in the NEUTRAL position. The
pressure oil from the steering pump enters steering control valve (1) through inlet (13) .
From inlet (13), the pressure oil flows through flow control orifice (20). Flow control orifice (20)
reduces the amount of oil flow that is directed to the metering pump. The pressure oil also flows to
steering backup relief valve (12) and directional spool (2) .
Because the steering wheel is stationary, there is no flow of steering pilot oil from the metering pump.
However, a small quantity of oil flows to the hydraulic oil tank through orifices that are located in the
steering metering pump.
Any pilot oil that had been acting on an end of selector spool (15) is forced across an orifice. The oil
then flows back to the hydraulic oil tank.
Because there is no flow of pilot oil, directional spool (2) is kept in the center of the steering control
valve by spring (24). This causes directional spool (2) to block the flow of pressure oil from the
steering pump. Because no pressure oil is allowed to flow through passages (21) or (22), the steering
cylinders do not actuate.
Similarly, if the steering neutralizer valve for a left turn or the steering neutralizer valve for a right
turn is actuated, the flow of steering pilot oil to either end of selector spool (15) stops.
Pump standby pressure is sensed by steering backup relief valve (12). Pump standby pressure is
connected to the steering metering pump through flow control orifice (20) .
If the operator does not turn the steering wheel, the position of the steering cylinders will not change.
This is because of oil that is blocked in passages (21) and (22) .
When the steering wheel is held stationary, there is no demand for pressure oil. The low signal
pressure causes the steering pump to destroke. A small amount of oil flow will still compensate for
system leakage.
A hydraulic oil line connects between the metering pump and the steering pump. The hydraulic oil
line allows signal pressure oil to flow to the pressure and flow compensator valve that is attached to
the steering pump. If the pressure of the signal oil is low, the steering pump will destroke. If the
pressure of the signal oil is high, the steering pump will upstroke.
When the wheels contact a stationary object, the steering cylinders may experience a sudden shock
load. Any pressure that is generated in the steering cylinders from the shock load is sensed in passages
(21) or (22). Crossover relief valve (5) senses oil pressure in passages (21) and (22) .
If the pressure exceeds the setting of crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders (5), the crossover
relief valve opens. This causes the oil to flow to the passage with the lower pressure.
Makeup check valves (8) and (9) connect with passages (21) and (22). Makeup check valves (8) and
(9) allow oil to be drawn through hydraulic oil tank port (11). This prevents voiding in the steering
cylinder that causes crossover relief valve (5) to open. Makeup check valves (8) and (9) are normally
seated by spring force.
RIGHT TURN Position
Schematic of the Steering Control Valve
RIGHT TURN Position
(1) Steering control valve. (2) Directional spool. (3) Pilot load check valve for left turns. (4) Port for the steering cylinder
for left turns. (5) Crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders. (6) Port for the steering cylinder for right turns. (7)
Pilot load check valve for right turns. (8) Makeup check valve. (9) Makeup check valve. (10) Drain port for the metering
pump. (11) Hydraulic oil tank port. (12) Backup relief valve for the steering system. (13) Inlet from the steering pump.
(14) Damping orifice for the spool. (15) Selector spool. (16) Pilot port for left turns. (17) Pilot port for right turns. (18)
Damping orifice for the spool. (19) Steering metering pump supply port. (20) Flow control orifice.
View C-C
RIGHT TURN Position
(2) Directional spool
(15) Selector spool
(21) Passage to the steering cylinder for left turns
(22) Passage to the steering cylinder for right turns
950G Wheel Loader 5FW00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3126 Engine(SEBP... Page 10 of 15
(23) Retainer
(24) Spring
(25) Drain passage for the metering pump
(26) Passage for the inlet from the steering pump
(27) Passage to the hydraulic oil tank
(28) Chamber
(29) Metering orifices
(30) Cavity
When you turn the steering wheel clockwise in order to make a right turn, pilot oil flows from the
steering metering pump. The pilot oil then flows through the port for right turns (17) .
The pilot oil then flows through an orifice. This causes selector spool (15) to move left. As selector
spool (15) moves left, the oil is allowed to flow through a passage. The oil then fills cavity (30) .
The oil pressure in cavity (30) causes directional spool (2) to move left. This causes spring (24) to
compress. The movement of directional spool (2) causes metering orifices (29) to open into a passage.
Load check valve (7) is located inside the passage. This causes pilot oil pressure to unseat load check
valve (7). Pilot load check valve (7) is for right turns.
Oil that is displaced from chamber (28) by the movement of directional spool (2) flows back to the
hydraulic oil tank.
As directional spool (2) moves left, pressure oil from the steering pump flows through inlet (13). The
oil then fills the passage to the steering cylinder for right turns (22) .
The pressure oil then flows out of the port for steering cylinder for right turns (6). The pressure oil
then flows to the rod end of the steering cylinder on the right side of the machine. The pressure oil
also flows to the head end of the steering cylinder on the left side of the machine.
At the same time, return oil from the rod end of the steering cylinder on the left side of the machine
flows through port (4). Return oil from the head end of the steering cylinder on the right side of the
machine flows through port (4). This causes the machine to articulate to the right.
The oil then flows into the passage to the steering cylinder for left turns (21). From passage (21), the
oil flows through a passage to port (11). Port (11) connects to the hydraulic oil tank.
Steering metering pump port (19) is connected to the control section of the steering pump. The control
section consists of a pressure and flow compensator valve. The pressure and flow compensator valve
regulates the output of the steering pump.
The movement of directional spool (2) and the turning speed of the machine depend on two factors.
The turning speed of the steering wheel is the first factor. The speed of the engine is the second factor.
Flow control orifice (20) regulates the oil supply to the steering metering pump. Flow control orifice
(20) therefore regulates the maximum turning speed of the steering wheel.
As the maximum speed is reached, pilot oil pressure between the steering metering pump and
directional spool (2) decreases. The pump output decreases slightly as the signal pressure of the
sensing line decreases. This causes greater effort to turn the steering wheel. This results in slower
rotation of the steering wheel.
When the operator stops turning the steering wheel, the pilot oil flow to the steering control valve is
cut off. The flow of oil stops because the spool in the steering metering pump is spring centered. Also,
if the steering neutralizer valve for a left turn or the steering neutralizer valve for a right turn is
actuated, the flow of steering pilot oil to either end of selector spool (15) stops.
Steering cylinder pressure closes pilot load check valve (7). This causes spring (24) to move
directional spool (2) to the NEUTRAL position. Pilot oil in cavity (30) is displaced through metering
orifices (29) .
When a wheel hits a stationary object, the steering cylinders may experience a sudden shock load.
Any pressure that is generated in the steering cylinders from the shock load is sensed in passages (21)
or (22). Oil pressure in passages (21) and (22) is sensed by crossover relief valve (5) .
If the pressure exceeds the setting of crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders (5), the crossover
relief valve opens. This causes the oil to flow to the passage with the lower pressure.
Makeup check valves (8) and (9) connect with passages (21) and (22). Makeup check valves (8) and
(9) allow oil to be drawn from the hydraulic oil tank. This prevents voiding in the steering cylinder
which causes crossover relief valve (5) to open. Makeup check valves (8) and (9) are normally seated
by spring force.
LEFT TURN Position

When the machine is turned to the left, the steering control valve operates in a similar manner.
For a left turn, pilot oil enters pilot port (16). Pressure oil from pump inlet port (13) flows through
passage (26). The oil then flows past directional spool (2). From directional spool (2), the oil flows
out of steering cylinder port (4) .
The pressure oil then flows to the rod end of the steering cylinder on the left side of the machine. The
oil also flows to the head end of the steering cylinder on the right side of the machine.
At the same time, the return oil flows from the head end of the steering cylinder on the left side of the
machine. The oil also flows from the rod end of the steering cylinder on the right side of the machine.
This causes the machine to articulate to the left.
Crossover Relief Valve for the Steering Cylinders

The crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders is located on the front right side of the steering
control valve as you face the right side of the machine.
Schematic for the Steering Control Valve
(1) Screw. (2) Jam nut. (3) Spring. (4) Spring chamber. (5) Sleeve. (6) Holes. (7) Valve face. (8) Passage. (9) Poppet for
the relief valve. (10) Drain hole. (11) Face of sleeve. (12) Passage. (13) Valve face. (14) Valve seat.
The crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders relieves shock loading in the steering system. The
crossover relief valve operates when the steering system is in neutral or when the steering system is
articulating the machine.
Steering cylinder pressure is sensed in passages (8) and (12) of the steering control valve. Steering
cylinder pressure is also sensed on valve faces (7) and (13) .
When the steering cylinders are moved by external steering forces, the pressure in passages (8) and
(12) can increase suddenly.
A pressure increase in passage (8) acts on valve face (7). If the pressure is greater than the valve
setting, poppet (9) moves left. This causes spring (3) to compress. The pressure is relieved to passage
(12) through holes (6) .
If the pressure in passage (12) is greater than the pressure setting of the crossover relief valve, the
pressure acts on valve face (13). The pressure also acts on the face of sleeve (11) .
Sleeve (5) and poppet (9) move to the left against spring (3). The pressure in passage (12) is relieved
to passage (8) through holes (6) .
Spring chamber (4) is connected to the hydraulic oil tank through drain hole (10) .
The pressure setting of the crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders is adjustable.
Reference: For additional information on the adjustment procedure for the crossover relief valve,
refer to the Service Manual module for Testing And Adjusting, RENR4314, "950G Series II Wheel
Loader, 962G Series II Wheel Loader and IT62G Series II Integrated Toolcarrier Steering System",
"Steering Cylinder Crossover Relief Valve - Test and Adjust" for the machine that is being tested.
Backup Relief Valve for the Steering System

The backup relief valve for the steering system is located on the left rear side of the steering control
valve as you face the right side of the machine.
Schematic for the Steering Control Valve
(1) Screw. (2) Jam nut. (3) Spring chamber. (4) Spring. (5) Outlet hole to the hydraulic oil tank. (6) Outlet hole. (7) Inlet
hole from the steering pump. (8) Valve seat. (9) Poppet for the relief valve. (10) Drain hole. (11) Drain hole. (12)
Annular face.
Pressure may suddenly increase due to steering resistance. The load control of the steering pump may
not regulate the pump output at a fast enough rate. If this occurs, the backup relief valve for the
steering system connects the inlet passage of the steering control valve to the hydraulic oil tank.
Spring (4) holds steering relief valve poppet (9) against valve seat (8) .
Steering pump pressure is sensed in the backup relief valve through holes (7). This pressure acts on
annular face (12) .
If the pressure that is acting on annular face (12) exceeds the pressure setting on the backup relief
valve, poppet (9) moves to the left against spring (4) .
Pressure is then relieved to the hydraulic oil tank through outlet holes (5) and (6) .
Drain holes (10) and (11) connect spring chamber (3) to the hydraulic oil tank.
The pressure setting of the backup relief valve for the steering system is adjustable.
Reference: For additional information on the adjustment procedure for the backup relief valve, refer
to the Service Manual module for Testing And Adjusting, RENR4314, "950G Series II Wheel Loader,
962G Series II Wheel Loader and IT62G Series II Integrated Toolcarrier Steering System", "Steering
Control Valve Pump Pressure Backup Relief Valve - Test and Adjust".
Copyright 1993 - 2019 Caterpillar Inc. Wed Jan 09 2019 19:29:23 GMT+0200 (Jordan Standard Time)
All Rights Reserved.
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950G Wheel Loader 5FW00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3126 Engine(SEBP27...

Product: WHEEL LOADER

Steering Control Valve - HMU Steering

(3) Pilot load check valve for left turns

(4) Port for the steering cylinder for left turns

(5) Crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders

(6) Port for the steering cylinder for right turns

(7) Pilot load check valve for right turns

(9) Makeup check valve

(10) Drain port for the metering pump

(11) Hydraulic oil tank port

(12) Backup relief valve for the steering system

(13) Inlet from the steering pump

(14) Damping orifice for the spool

(15) Selector spool

(16) Pilot port for left turns

(17) Pilot port for right turns

(18) Damping orifice for the spool

(19) Steering metering pump supply port

(20) Flow control orifice

(2) Directional spool

(3) Pilot load check valve for left turns

(4) Port for the steering cylinder for left turns

(5) Crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders

(6) Port for the steering cylinder for right turns

(7) Pilot load check valve for right turns

(14) Damping orifice for the spool

(15) Selector spool

(16) Pilot port for left turns

(17) Pilot port for right turns

(18) Damping orifice for the spool

(21) Passage to the steering cylinder for left turns

(22) Passage to the steering cylinder for right turns

(25) Drain passage for the metering pump

(26) Passage for the inlet from the steering pump

(27) Drain passage to the hydraulic oil tank

RIGHT TURN Position

RIGHT TURN Position

RIGHT TURN Position

(2) Directional spool

(4) Port for the steering cylinder for left turns

(5) Crossover relief valve for the steering cylinders

(6) Port for the steering cylinder for right turns

(7) Pilot load check valve for right turns

(14) Damping orifice for the spool

(15) Selector spool

(16) Pilot port for left turns

(17) Pilot port for right turns

(18) Damping orifice for the spool

(21) Passage to the steering cylinder for left turns

(22) Passage to the steering cylinder for right turns

(25) Drain passage for the metering pump

(26) Passage for the inlet from the steering pump

(27) Passage to the hydraulic oil tank

(29) Metering orifices

LEFT TURN Position

Crossover Relief Valve for the Steering Cylinders

Crossover Relief Valve for the Steering Cylinders

Backup Relief Valve for the Steering System

Backup Relief Valve for the Steering System

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