Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
AB4CD6EF246C887282864D42
CD6EF254288CD6EF246C
A2864D42877B4CD6EF246C
C276468844527
1 55C46C
1 6C4594CF2C48946AD323E9C48A94
6C 2767256E44
2767256E4
1 !94C66F9"795DA4F73234DA6FC2A4C24D3DA66348944CD6EF246C4
4CD6EF246C
C8D67468
632E6848
F2 4
16CD4E246C8 16CD4E246C89
+ ,
-
/
.
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
CD6EF246C88336E548)9*
A68568336E5683&836E52E
4CD6EF246C484DDEC54'
452742C6 568F21#85686#856847#80
D2E 4C7 52E4DD2#83E6#80
452742C6 F2C5$4772#8F2C52#80
EE6 32C676 24C6#82277556#86F2E6#80
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
CD6EF246C88336E568)2*
1 3454CE84CD6EF246C88336E568D44688
454CE85E28!C54548764 "88!C54548
D44 "
1 293FBC93A4E4 48C8336E568D4464BC4
48C8336E568D446
34D39D98A4D34A553$
1 293FBC93A4%47A696&455E21 D442434
96AFFA6C"92A4946AFB994894BC6AF9C1AAFE9C4A4
53663356C4C22A42AEE948A22C4959DC453234AFD'4"C5C6C4
57474573F634959D3#
1 AB4CD6EF246C8483&8E2E8845EE'
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
627482E255E454 882E8C8
45F28D44683E8336E52E84CD6EF246C4
1 7486554C84CD6EF246C8$2C6#82568C8
4C4F848275EC2548364474#8728755E2878
336E568C874F4C2827C88C8746C28
275E'
1 16C446C8C2E4283E 88C8336E568
362836E52E84CD6EF246C88 83628
2FE86CD4E246C484DDEC54#8286CC28
778$2748C282642528C284DDEC58
C54548484CD6EF246C'
1 1628E233EC524
42C28
6CD4E246C
1 :E84C5E3E52E8784DDEC5486CD4E246C4878336E5684C85EF4C4848
4CD6EF246C88C2E4686C6E8478648)468728E672*8 828
6C486CD4E246C82FF2878336E56826428CBC5454848
4CD6EF246C'
1 A28D4C446C848C86486F36E528 842C684C54D425484C8F668C6C8
2F4687B4C4F877836447486CD4E246C4878336E5688
7B4C4F87783644748C54548484CD6EF246C828484848678E4DE4E'
1 ;2E42C684786488364478E4DE4E4828C54548484CD6EF246C8
4DDEC54854742C68C68568336E568D446 '
16CD4E246C8 16CD4E246C89
1(31<
<C5454848 <C5454848
4CD6EF246C8 4CD6EF246C89
1 <C54548484CD6EF246C8!3C54"88!74C"#8 8E233EC52C6878755E8
77B27D256
1 1648=8E6728 834D4287286EE436CC2
1 C55C4D3FFA6A4AF40454 4763
1 C55C4D3FFA6A4AF4)454 429AC
1 34C55C4D3FFA6A4AF40454 45ACFC93A46FC47694A429AA48A22C456A55C42A66AFC
1 34C55C4D3FFA6A4AF4)454 45ACFC93A46FC487A42A66AFA
1 !32286EEC583E88#8C6C832283E88#832283E898"8=8!3C56874C2"'
1 1648>6E8=8E7246C85E28755E88$C8483C54874C
1 763429AC4 42A66AFC4,-
1 29AC4763476347634 42A66AFC4,1-
1 29AC4763429AC47634 42A66AFC4,-
1 ADD#
1 42F6826425684F674828275E484F674??
1 A8E7246C485E28$548747748D4C46C686CC28C8648
3E84C5E3E52E84784C4D42568778C54548 86F3246C68278
7477683EC584C85EF4C48778C5454878747768
4686C68E7246C48484C4D4246C'
1 CD6EF246C8F2C542
1 CD6EF246C83E2F2542
1 78728C65E284C6E2C2#86834A8D6EF27FC58728C65E28
4CE52#84E287BDD554286CD4E246C878336E568
4C8E465528277B268278336E56#82776E28FE2878
55568E246C6782FE8 84836282DDEF2E8 85278
2556848 2836E5256877B4CD6EF246C'
1 78D64F684C8E26848F4E2E8478E268484CE5284C848
485E622F683E4F287728755E288$7768468282#8
728$2C54548484CD6EF246C836E52528277286CD4E246C8 8
242F687556878336E568365E8E8D4C45283E63E468
277284DDEC285E2852748E248484CE52'
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
A2864D42877B4CD6EF246C
1 :E8E4E8C83E6E2FF288C2E468
E233EC52E845E46C48825484C8C8D6EF25685278
87B56E8256F25468428232848
FF6E42E88F2C43672E'
1 A6856827D25683&8E8547425686C864484E4
1 ,92#EF.-4+40:0;)4=4):0;04=4<:0;;4=4>:0;04=4?:0;)4=4@:0;<4AB
1 ,92#EF.-4+40:0;?4=4):0;>4=4<:0;<4=4>:0;)4=4?:0;04=4@:0;;4CD
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
164D428G4C2E42
1 7D25684C2E46842F68436454486C8676885254
1 :E67F282C2E8C8648C4668285554874865548
6F3E484C8C84C4F83ED4C4568)''85C54*
1 62C54865548366864D42E86C81845
1 04"964 4)456C6944;4054 4)43EEA66944A#E#4EAF3FGC2535
1 )4"964 4>456C6944;;4;040;40054 4>43EEA669
1 <4"964 4H456C6944;;;4;;049400054 4H43EEA669
1 9
1 18458 891852548 89186554
1 62C548458F48E6C683E864D42E886554
1 24I4)J4 4J4K423E)24 418=8 769 496AF3457AF93FA5
1 55C46C
4365484F3744528 8486448242C68555487285287C 2
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
<F34684864D4284C2E42
1 :E67F2
2C2E8C86484C2E468C466828555484846EC487728
554F2C2
1 16C8284583642F68655CE8-84E86CD4E246C4
1 2A45AF334L477C294769299CB38
1 M7C2A4D39E7FC93A4C553D9CB34C477C2A4E93F38
1 55C46C
436548 8486448242C68555487285287C 2
;;0;
;;00
;0;;
;0;0
;00;
;000
0;;;
0;;0
0;0;
0;00
00;;
00;0
000;
0000
;0; 3 ? J K L M N O ) * P B # Q ' R
;00 + 9 2 E F . / - , % S = T
0;; U G 1 3 < 9 H V W X A > (
0;0 : 6 D 7 @ Y ; Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b
00; c 2 D d 1 7 F C 6
000 3 $ E 5 e 5 \ f g h i 2C
458=8676885254#8!+"8633E8!"'
Gj58=8-845#8$4C489-8=89F.85254
X476Gj58^XG` =89+8Gj58=8+9E8Gj58i8+28Gj5
>2Gj58^>G` =899+8Gj58=8O+E-OF/.8Gj58i8+.8Gj5
H42Gj58^HG` =892+8Gj58i8+,8Gj5
@E2Gj58^@G` =89E+8Gj58i8+98Gj5
:52Gj58^:G` =89F+8Gj58i8+F8Gj5
<52Gj58^<G` =89.+8Gj58i8+-8Gj5
1 Y2C68$5483ED448483&8E467E87B2F4454
1 DCCD96&489474895D34955340);ZP1Z+Z000#L@ZP91
1 DCCD96&4894742340#>;@491Z+Z0#>L?41
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
A2864D42877845E46C4
1 7488768 F283EC525683E8482E255E48
27D2CFE44
1 $27488$2C5453342A4956F793948C4D3899DCFA8
1 77C24%42C47C 248A22A457DDA559394894"9648C476929CFA48
1 77C24%42C46EE436CC246FC4956F79394A457DDA559394894"9648
+++++
1 FC52C687287C 2877846C48478F24F68
CFE68E233EC52478E836CC427FC58
322C682829828.E8458478F24F68CFE68E233EC52478
4C5289.EClml.k+-l=l'.k+,'
1 822878F4C6E8CFE68484F674877B27D25684C2E468
E43556828$77684F27#8C8CFE6864D425684C8
C65246C84C2E428E4 4834A84DE8E43556828$778
4F342584C8C65246C84F27'
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
(552748824F274
1 Y547483E8E233EC52E84C5542FC5848276E48
4C2E4
1 (552748)288=8-*
1 2C"A634366C2A4D9FA4D3BFA5A46FC4;4A4L
1 <?>36634+4<:H)4=4?:H04=4>:H;4+40V)=>;=>4+4)<@89AD9
1 0>@036634+40:H<4=4>:H)4=4@:H04=40:H;4+4?0)=)?@=>H=04+4H0L 89AD9
1 3E94D9FC4366C2A4D3FF9538A4C46FA4D9FA4"9CF9A
1 000;00;;87A4+40040;040;;4+4<?>3663
1 00;;00;;;087A4+4040;;400;4;;04+40>@0 3663
1 <24F2748)288=8.*
1 2C"A634A5C8AD9BC2A4D9FA4;44V4=42A66AFA444G
1 (5A89D94+40>:0@04=40):0@;4+4))>4=40)4+4)<@89AD9
1 <<05A89D4+4<:0@)4=4<:0@04=40:0@;4+4L@H=>H=04+4H0L89AD9
1 3E94D9FC4A5C8AD9BC2A4D3FF9538A4C477C66F34D9FA4"9CF9A
1 000;00;;87A4+4000;400;;4+4(5A89D9
1 00;;00;;;0
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari 87A
4+4004;;004;;;04+4<<0 5A89D9
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
FE484C5E4
1 7D25684C2E46
1 CDA49245AE34%4FCFA5A6C6348C4;4340
1 %49895A5C"92A4989DCFA49247BAF3414894"96476929C69
1 >67688C6
1 8"9648945AE344;4359693404AEC69354
1 18C84"964894B38723
1 (5AB93 B.448=8++F C.448=8+F
1 594FCFA5A6C3494C23F948C4C91CB82891CC
1 D34>4"96494C23F94C348C4L4C4=L
1 D34H4"96494C23F94C348C40)L4C4=0)L
1 66A93A4D94533487A4FCFA5A6C93948A2234;
1 D34>4"9645334B+448=8++++F C+448=8+++F
1 78276E848C8CFE68CCCC90+8E455684C86F37FC56828
88ClCCk9CClBlCC9k9CC9lBl0lBlk9lBl+k9+
1 <F34
1 ;0;0)4+44;:)<=0:))=;:)0=0:);Z+Z?89AD9
1 0;00)4+440:)<=;:))=0:)0=0:);Z+Z?89AD9#
1 78863E2C487768568C682CC68C8
E475256848C6863365686784E8 8852528
3E2528728232454848276768)6ED76e*'
164 164
2C6 ! ) 2C6 ! )
;;;; ; ; ; 0;;; H [; [H
;;;0 0 0 0 0;;0 V [0 [L
;;0; ) ) ) 0;0; 0; [) [@
;;00 < < < 0;00 00 [< [?
;0;; > > > 00;; 0) [> [>
;0;0 ? ? ? 00;0 0< [? [<
;00; @ @ @ 000; 0> [@ [)
;000 L L L 0000 0? [L [0
1 CD6EF246C834A8 8724D4256E42
1 F9D335DAFA489569939$
1 56C"929FA47C4FA2C93A483F89A44,77A5634%4BCEE93FA489477A56C26F3-5$
1 56C"929FA47C4BA6F9DC44,77A5634%48956C6A474DAF634C23FA48C4
77A56C26F3-5#
1 AB4C4F8778C54548484CD6EF246C8 28C285E55E2#
1 NC456F7667FC489DA4,D35C4594764CFA-4D342A4A696&489493FBC93A4
8A22959ABA4946AFB9948943AFC9394894D3B"9C93A4A4894D3F363#
1 !946FC66C489493FBC93A457493FBC93A44F52Q4CD6EF246C5494
FA5AC48A22C477C2A42959ABA48A22A4A696&489493FBC93A489A6C474
45F24D93%4C763474,4C4F86C85E55E2-#
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
38275EC254
1 >52Q4CD6EF246C83744528C78336E56
1 924573F634C47C456F7667FC4D3FF9538A6A4C477A22C4FA5A6A46FC4A696&4
89493FBC93A#
1 >52Q4CD6EF246C84F3744528C7728E67284864D42
1 C24573F634594F9D9A8A453234894CAFA4D39E7FC9394B326A29D94A4
89569E79"929427C48C22C26FC
1 2C4BA6C[93FBC93A4%48A996C494B3834A56A593C2A4A22C4FAE32C4894
D3899DC#
1 16288C48824884824C6C6848!F483C54"
1 >52Q4CD6EF246C8 1 >52Q4CD6EF246C8
3744528C78336E56 4F3744528C772864D42
1 164D428A(H1 1 164D4283H@A<
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
C276468844527
C27646 344527
QA9993A48A22C4D3899DC C5C46C27 <5C46C27
29DC"9296&45456F7667FC4A696&4 767688B8C28
(X84C86C4826
93FBC93A 5E55E2
767688478336E568 28
38993945724573F63 C285E55E2
(X84C86C4826
++
+
+
+ +
3F2E246C8748
;276E48 ++ 4C4F484C44254
E233EC525448 ++
484E48 +
++
4C4F4 ++
++
+++
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
3282C2764682844527
9'84782F346C2FC56
1 A28E2C282E428C78
5F3688C6C83&8E8
E233EC5252828C86768 F34287728
276E' E2C28D442
1 8276E4848E4DE4FC568
6C68E8E4725484C8
4E48452C548485F368
)DE$C2848
2F346C2FC56*'
1 A28$2C54246C883648
E8E4355283E86C48
276E82F346C256'
@F36
@F36
1 >F6E428C2E4283E84FF24C48C6C86F3E8)45F23*
1 AF479BBCE9A4894@>; >H;49WA245AF3340T))HTH;;4"6A$
1 AF479BBCE9A4894H;; @;;49WA245AF3340TV);T;;;4"6A$
1 AF479BBCE9A48940;)> L@H49WA245AF334<T0>?TL)H4"6A$
1 AF479BBCE9A48940)H; 0;)>49WA245AF334?T)>)THH;4"6A$
1 AF479BBCE9A48940@;; 0);;49WA245AF334LT@H;T;;;4"6A$
1 9
1 164D428445278287C 28652C5
1 87A4"964AF4D9C5D7348A9459B"3294AF4A5AB934 l=l++4
l=l++ 1l=l+4
1l=l+ Hl=l+4A4
Hl=l+
@l=l$
@l=l
1 2C427EAC4D3B2A559C48A22C457DDA5593A4%4779894CF94C4 98F4746C484845#
98F4746C484845
1 782F42FC5684864D4283EF55848E4EE8478CFE6848458
54742568C283EE84CD6EF246C'
1 H748276E45F48486F3E46C87678DE552C6878E672E4548C48254
1 RN(44R74NAE64(D389E5457DDA559394894459B"32947E7C294AE334
FCFA5A6C694D347C4D39C4`59B"3234a
1 BAD9DA4"C5C6A45748993CF9345A77AA489459B"3294F9A676A46F3C6A4CC29C834
948C6945334535696796A4D3459B"3294A2ABA6CF94BAB3F9C8342A4D3FF9538AA4
94748993CF93
1 H748276E45F48486F3E46C876j86C6834D4483E8484E486F4C48
233742544'
9FD88FEBA9AC
E!AF78C"C7
1234562784
7879AB8CD8CAEFF8A
DAEEAC8BF8821
!8
!8
"CE4F46C
"1!#$
"1!#$ 6C5568)
!!%
!!% "CE4F46C8
#$
#$ 45CE3EC5252
"C&C82EC855568768
5C686C556' 1
1 #$
#$ 67F46C
"CE4F46C8C7728
67F46C
6C5568)
*E4C552+ *46+
C554&2823245,848CC4EC8
72867F46C8C783E6D7C28
$C%CBC&CF
9AA9F8AC
DAEEFC7E8A
1 "CE4F46C8C772867F46C84883E6D7C284282C552D47C83CE88CC56EC
1 BA4B7C7F34A24C57239475A6AF95A74AF4B7DD7C5723A
1 BA4B7C7F67F74A4B7DD7C5723A4AF4B7DD7B7DD7C5723A
1 BA4C57B3634F32294B7C7BAA7F34AF74946AF6353494329AB7C457B7C7DEF24474
329AB7C457B7C7DEF24 324C4E44 !4
A7"4C5723A434C7BB7F743BB35345AB72DA48A53DD93FD3489223B3D753
1 AC82F4648C7CC52E48&C66845CE3EC525C8485CE448 D49DFB4.86C8
C77C8C545,8-C85E26E268482548-C8E4C&668484EC68* 4D3E+848
E4752548*9E3E+.8684783EC4C68277C862745,86848527C8
5E26E2F46C8&4CC8CC55252.846/82C6886C7768928256728
CE2:8*ABF85A9+3
1 8CCE27C.836668C45CEC84&CEC867F4648
CC554&C8C77685C683E6D7C283CE87685C68
CC56EC
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
EC28482823228*(+
89C391449D757B5329AB7CF5
4D5E27519EE9329AB7C4 65563E6D7C28(
E6D7C2
2 67F46C87B7C7DEF278
1818<8 828)
21A;)
65563E6D7C28)
)
A ) 67F46C87B7C7DEF278
A
1818A88)
(
(
65563E6D7C289
67F46C87B7C7DEF278
1818 67F46C87B7C7DEF278
1818
(
65563E6D7C289 (
67F46C877EE4F8 ( (
A
1818<8*<*=A+8(+8>
<8*=A+ <8*=A+
55555A8(8>
65563E6D7C2893( 65563E6D7C2893) 65563E6D7C28939
88888<8*<*=A+8(+ 67F46C87B7C7DEF278
67F46C87B7C7DEF278 67F46C87B7C7DEF278
155 !A"5#" 155A5# 155 !A"5#"
%9C391449D757BB7519B49D45745E275
19EE9329AB7C45$&#'5$&(575$&$53725
2419B72754B519EE9329AB7CF5$
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
EC28482823228*9+
E6D7C2 65563E6D7C28(
2 67F46C87B7C7DEF278
1818<8 82)
21A;) %9C391449D757BB75
19B49D45745E275
19EE9329AB7C45#'5(575$5 65563E6D7C28)
) 37252419B72754B5
A ) 67F46C87B7C7DEF278
329AB7CF592464DF249 A
1818A8)
(
67F46C877EE4F8 65563E6D7C289
(
1555 52(5) 67F46C877EE4F8
55555A5(5) 1818<8*<*=A+8(+8>
555555 !A"5#"5) 55555A8(8>
55555A5#5) 88888<8*<*=A+8(+
555555 !A"5#"
1 748CC34
1 'BD5A7FA48A47FD966A748A4F4323DD57873BDA74
1 (B748A4F4D35AF9234)9F79D
1 *92727483249BBA747F348AEAB75348A4F35A4F9D592A
1 E6C5568
3E6C4C56868484844&428728
67F46C8%%%@86C'
1 67F46C88276E456
1 "C823C5548E47C&2548
1 3E6EEC8276E4548A7"49CA534294B3&3F948A4C9BBA434C75D9F7492294
3E6EEC8276E4548
B72A7F348A4F4C57239
1 6442E748483E6E244A7"453F8352A47C53FBAA2A492492729D753
6442E748483E6E24
8?$!1$88
$A #$8 ! 8"8 $!$8C$A 8*%*+8
A8
?$!A8
$A #$8
?$!A###$8 ?$!A8 8?$!1$88
*+,-./01-8 A8"8CA $8!"#$A8
!$B!8
!$B!#$8 *2756874&C776+8
1 $!8"A8
AB BB$8"8A$8ACAA$8
!$B!8
!" #$8 *2-42+8
?6E274FF2F46C
1 'BD5A7FA
1 BC359A7FA48A4'FCDCBDCD 3B#4218!4788
1 BC359A7FA4;5AD3DA7276A3 3B#436CBBBB
1 DD5DD5348A47FD57227 3B#4!"!4#$%"&$B
1 164F464878&276EC848467C8&2E42D474
1 B34;4F4) 49227594492D5A3FDA4
1 AC55E28C8E455E2848&2E42D474
1 $366A4; 47CC53 DD9C94)
1 "42E22828D76-4
1 C6864C
1 A42468483E6E22F46C
1 D7223E9534A245A3EAD753
AC48
1 ;DD3F83534A24B36F92348A4 8C828 (8C8)8
2AF3942A359
8 88=828
1 *7C75534A24F357 9 8
1 K4 68
8@8L8'8
4 8
E4&48 E4&48
'36CB(BC)4 '36CB(BA)4
5 8 M 4
>AF34
N4
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
!233ECC52F46C8C748276E454
1 C68164C 1 A4246848
3E6E22F46C
7C44
7C4 272!4
272 DC52 HAF2834IBD8A7#F
3E64449
3E6
4-O4
4-O 27245494
272 E43C54 AFD49AF4E7A8 4@
3E6444
3E6 3E64E4
3E6 DC52
DC52 CDB4A9747F87-
272444
272 2724G48
272 53D5F4.+ADJB3BB
52324
5232 3E6
3E6 A
$3CE2F464848
4F46 ?4C 72D6E2F46C
4EC6;452
K 6
EC4256 A%!$1
C7CF46C828C8
65563E6E22
&4C
2548484EC68C8
AC48
CE48P8C8Q.848276748 8C828 (8C8)8
C852348478246EC3
8 88=828
98
K4 8@8L8'8
68
48
E4&48 E4&48
'36CB(BC)4 '36CB(BA)4
5 8 M4
>AF34
N4
4567768 123
931ABC96D93
63
4567768E3 4567768F3
63
453 12313
4567768 123
931ABC96D93
63
453 12313
123
63
1 86C5C862C8E436C8728E7924F57BBF5
89C3EFA4B4E4
1CDEF233E E3EFC33
C2FC2
1CDEF2332EE
E33
2EF22
2FC3
FC3C3 E322
FDEF3FC CFEEC
) (
C28 CE28
C2B CE2B
C E '
C2A CE2A
C2 CE2 $
C2& CE2&
% % E
$
'
F
C % C ) (
$ $
1 !DE823E5548F47E2B54"
1 3F6DFFE827C6F454828AB25EAFA3E6E97A2AB332AEAB85498AFFA
3F6DFFE827C6F4548
38F67289EA2A69AB58 FEC
1 6442F7484B83F6CF24A28A5E9E5F2A8CB5E932
6442F7484B83F6CF24 2F2AFAF8F485E
1 A5FD46BE" 2F428BE772DD7256FE
88888,--,----
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
,,--,,--
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
A7874BCD2CC468E7EF
1 #E845FD46B486FF436B6B68DB462EB5E828.DE77E8
24B2 828EBC6B68E3FEE85F245E8B648
46744832F67E842E&
1 A783F6CF2283F42848EEFE8EECD4568EE8EEFE8
5F2655684B874BCD2CC46824B2833EC F485E&
1 /4B676"8BEE4508486B6EFE84B8E552C74687E8
2F255EF454E8E772824B28FEC45F4 8
4EB46BE8E48254 8E584845FD46B4
1 BE8E3744827C6F454843742B687283E442848
675E845FD46B4
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
A874BCD2CC48482756874E776
1 +6B684874BCD2CC48485EF28CEBEF246BE&8#E845FD46B48
E3F46B68DB28EF4E848246B4&8A783F6CF2283F428
48EEFE8EECD4568EE8EEFE85F2655684B8
74BCD2CC46824B284564485E
1 A783F6CF2256FE83D1825F2FFE8248E552C7487EC2548
2772F45E55DF28E8E3F4EFE8483F63F4827C6F45484B8
66846746
1 +6B684B43EBEB5482772824B2825F246BE
$F6CF2284B874BCD2CC468 $F6CF2284B874BCD2CC468
2E7256FE 3F6EDF27E
164E86FCEB5E 164E86FCEB5E
EF 655 D2F 3
EF 65 27 E
$F6CF2284B874BCD2CC468 $F6CF2284B874BCD2CC468
24B2 24B2
164E86CCE556 164E86CCE556
7D848
45E2
1 AB5EF3FE54
1 ,56898AEAE3E6898A25E44CE94EA2369A
234567289EAEFAB585CCA385E94EA234567289EABE5A
234567289E
7D848
45E2
(585CCA$A29A )42AEFAB585CCA
F29628AC29A $
4B45081EB5F27E848
4B45081EB5F27E848 EFFA.(/ 82E89
5726F246BE
5726F246BE
6E6F42
7D848
45E2
7D848
45E2
1 16347246BE
1 BBF272892AB20ADEF82A
1 C285AFD858A9EFAB58E338A2ACE33AAB6948AEAC964E97289E
1 12ABE5A2AB588442A8CCE52F2AAF5A263289E
1 AB5EF3FE5246BE
1 893E94EA4ECB2A2A3D2F6BB8AB20A894E9642A
1 B586EAB585CC2ACE98AE22E942!A
1 12A29A3EA2AB584842B7289EAE2AB585CC2AEA69AD8F4A6F42C42ADE92D98A
8CB2F42AB52CAEFA52F328A8CCE52FE
1 6F6A5A64CEE77E82F424748D547425E 848D486B684B42548
54368E8B6E
1 +3E44246BE8E772832F5E8FD76AEE783F6CF22 8E5528
2BE8F454E2E5435A88A
1 A5FD46B482F45E546=76C4E8
1 A5FD46B48486B5F6776
8F2EB5681 8F2EB5687+A1
D24BEF 1!1
D24BEF11 12C5
"1#1#11 15B121B65F5B681565F5281 #1#115B121B65F5B681565F528
11$48C1%B65F5B68&1"
$48C $48C1B65F5B68
$48C
1111#1#1 14BB15C79'F5B651 11#1#114BB15C79'F5B65
1111 195A87'7B1561B65F5B681(179'81 11195A87'7B1561B65F5B681(179'8
CB
11) #1#118C8'57B1/'26B1B65F5B681(1
11#1 18C8'57B1/'26B1B65F5B681(1 2C8
2C81
)
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
14768286B446BE84B27E
8F2EB5681 8F2EB5687+A1
D24BEF 1!1
D24BEF11 12C5
"1#1 15B121B65F5B68156281 #115B121B65F5B6815628
7
1171"
7 11#1#114BB15C79'F5B65
1111#1#1 14BB15C79'F5B651 1118C8'57B1'621DB7218
1111 18C8'57B1'621DB72181 11195A87'7B1C81B61(179'8
111111195A87'7B1C81B61(179'81 8771
877 $48C1B6
$48C
11)1$48C1%B6&
$48C #1#118C8'57B1C81B61(1
11#1#1 18C8'57B1C81B61(1 2C8
2C81
)
D24B%&1
D24B 1/11E*11F*1
"14B31E3F3E*3F*3/2
4B3
11C26%451543@E3@F&2
11E*11+92%E&2
+92
11F*11+92%F&2
+92
11/11E*F*2
11A9567%45431/&2
)
1 5EF446"8EF2FE8DB2867D46BE8B6B8F46F428E48DE83F67E483F63654&
1 5456B68E483F67E48728D48DB42867D46BE8%84854368F46F46&8+3E687E8
5FD55DFE8482548E8EC74684822552B682772867D46BE848DB83F67E28EB848
3FE52B6828EEFE8CE545E85F245E83F6EDFE8F46F4E 8E8.D4B4 84B8.DE548
24 86B6867568D547483EF84C746F2FE87E44EB28E483F6CF24&
1 5E3468484B5EF2428D5EB5E848DB83F6CF228286CCE554"85D5548C748E7EEB548E8
6B684B7D48BE77284BE5F286B686CCE5548E8EBC6B682554254828EEB548CEBEF2548
277D5EB5E863EF2B686B87285254EF28684786DE&
1 4B68E483DB548486F28E77283F6CF2246BE8286CCE5548EF42827728
652B427E82D56B642848D48C66B687E8724 8E8366B68EB4FE8
FE25E8E8.D4B48432E5525E 83F6B5E83EF8EEFE845F4D45E8248
3F6CF2256F48E8BE86FF2BB682FE8D6&8AB8.DE56866848
3F6CF2256F482337425448366B6863EF2FE84B824EB5484847D33682248
F44848DB46B27450 8CF24E827728436B4474508487248E82FF446B68
47874BCD2CC468483F6CF2246BE8434EC256&
1 #23B%A69A6928A
83456448
E448AF284A
1 5238AAAA2DE94
A5238AAA CDE
1 # '2E$AJ2C6F29K%A 1
4
CDE
F2962A522 FCDE
ACDE
1 /4B67684842E"
1 J2AE2923EA2DEA2A69A4 EFFA69ACB8A8A69A2932ECEA2A
CB2A2FA62A894E9648A32A594248A6928A45A2AD52A5E85A
EFFA4 EFF
1 /4B67684842E8E5EFB2"
1 #A2DEAB52C52AD2E9EA2CB2E4A9EABE5ACE44E5EA29A
85523B89E97A5E85ABB54E9E942AA4 EFFEA2DE53EA
D298F98A2ADF852AB5E3E942A29A69AE548ACB8AA336CE5EA
38F8ADF852AE3234E942A9EFFA2DEA2A69F45A4 EFF
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
+;#83EF8728E4B446BE8E482548!!#
1 +;#83FEEE83E444865FD55483EF8728FE246BE8E8
7E744B246BE84852E77E8E78!7&
1 5E34
1 E9E55EA4 EFFE
1 52C68DE5EA69A4 EFFAFA)5
!B'$837#58+5DEB54
1 5E34
1 293E523EA9EFFA4 EFFAJ46E942A6EA968D2A5E85
A>+5B38A>3' +5DEB54
9O9, 8MB64M 8M$2676M 8,9&,9&,PQ- 8M6472B6M
8 9O99 8M742B4M 8M#D2M 89,&-Q&,PQ- 8MB62M
1 9EFFAFFA4 EFFAJ46E942A46442A2A5E85AEA382398AFA8927289EA2924
!5#53588B'6 +5DEB54
LC5B5 625F8R8,---
1 C822A8CEA3BE2248A2FA894E9648AEFACB8A.5E242AEFFA4 EFFA.8532ABE5A46442A2A
5E85AEA382398AFA8927289EA3BE224
4$!35 16F4
+53 1FE45488S
LC5B5 34567688M57E55F62CBE546M
1 34342EB5E8DB86E77685B8E482548%86545D45682"
1 C767A8592774EA29A
C767 6C686E6EC767
1 A7756D76A89698A544E527748AA69A
A7756D76 6C68E6EA2456AEADF64
6C68E6EA2456 2FEA36A69A
2932ECEA2AE9424A9EFA3E938AEAA892AE9424AEFF2932ECEAA338248A69ADF85EA
EFF4452 648
1 52A64C6AB5428F52A4452
52A64C6 642A544E527742AA69A2932ECEA2ADF852AEAA29A
EE442A69A2932ECEA2AE9424
A
+34!5>35A 9%CA 5248 1'B+'A
65EBD548 9%NA
N4528FA .82EA
28 8
4;Y[5&5[#&581YZ
W3F%85-EA3EFE4;AY*/,184YZ
W3F%2A4E34;Y^2YZ
W*/,184C1,1A8E9CE;YT^2UYZ
W3F%DF6E-8A3EFE4;Y4E4YA
W[*/,184C1,1Z
W[3F%2Z
W[3F%85-EZ
68478475F68277EE3468D6#845687D6#8F4D752B5E8%8478ECDEB5E"
9YAE9829;Y/,3-_YXZ
W*/,184C1,1A8E9CE;Y897YZA)AJ2648AW[*/,184C1,1Z
W*/,184C1,1A8E9CE;YIKYZAHA5689998AW[*/,184C1,1Z
W*/,184C1,1A8E9CE;YF6YZA#AN52AW[*/,184C1,1Z
W*/,184C1,1A8E9CE;YC6YZANA&898AW[*/,184C1,1Z
123345567
4C5FD28485B2CD4CC46EF
12E27F8485B2CD4CC46EF
B2CDF55456BF 4F456BF
CFE27F
123345567
BD6BF
FC54E246EF
1 483A8C2BF8E8DFCC2468B46E2E5F8CB552E68728
23245/8482E27F8BFC428
8 7E622A361D796A2A6A43324A6A63ECD6A7A34C2DD2C7A
22334C6A49A37A7CC2EE7AC6773612E7A44EE412E7A49A
4492
8 6A361D796A4556E6 6AC677A9>62CE24
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
5CFD346
1 0E5B646EF8F7728B46E2E2
8 B0-0A(AB1-1A(AB2-2A(AAB3-3A(A456A?@AB0-3A(A
476A@
8 /9A76AA26A361D796A3A 622A!C46E237A712A0
8 ,BB727A2A94A4B46EFA6A4492A97AB2C12EE4A36A
B73377AB964C2A6A361D796A6AEC431633672A0AB;A00A3AB;A
33A1B;A11A2AB;A22
8 2CA3A36A4 C2DD2AB33-3(CDAB30-3A(AB03-0A(A?DA
BA00-3A(ADA14A30A2A03A377A64C412E2A3A149A
6E2CBC2E4E6A2A%66A9>2CC7C2A322A4A@A4AD
8 C27A4AB454C2EA9524A7BB64A29A123345567A2A%66A
E21B7A7BB67A6AEC431633672
1 E8CFE27F88E28E46EF838F84E86E484C52E5F8582CCDF8E8
276BF8C 5,8CF75684E8E86336B5E684EC4FDF84
078276BF8C 5,A4FEF8F55682D34F28F78CFE27F82785FD36854
2D34F2
C 5,$%$';8C4E <C;DE;,
';
BF.FE2
2D34F2 ;
C 5,
';
5FD36
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
6D4E468F785FD368C
6D4E468F77F8BF.FEF
2D34F2
C( 5,$%$';8C4E <C(DE;,
';
C< 5,$%$';8C4E <C<DE;,
BF.FE2
2D34F2 ( <
C 5,
5FD36
C 5,
5FD36
(4<
;4H
;4G
( <( =(
C( 5,$%$;4H8C4E <C8(5,
C< 5,$%$(4<8C4E <C8<<5,
C= 5,$%$;4G8C4E <C8=(5,
(4<
;4H
;4G
C( 5,$%$;4H8C4E <C8(5,
C< 5,$%$(4<8C4E <C8<<5,
C= 5,$%$;4G8C4E <C8=(5,
(4<
;4H
;4G
C( 5,$%$;4H8C4E <C8(5,
C< 5,$%$(4<8C4E <C8<<5,
(4<
;4H
;4G
C( 5,$%$;4H8C4E <C8(5,
C< 5,$%$(4<8C4E <C8<<5,
C= 5,$%$;4G8C4E <C8=(5,
1 0EFF8F48B2336B5482(F2<848365FEF8C48C2E68276B48FC3BFCC48
EF77286BD28(;$76(;$2(F2<)8JF4F78BK1
8 497C6A254E6 6A36AC6!2C6377A4994A36E4672A6A6A,'9'L
8 4'MA664A2A94AB7E24A29AC17C2AA5492A4A%2994A29A325492
8 74AMA664A2A69A325492AA44A 79E2AB6GAB7E2E2A29AC17C2
(
12E27F84F27F
;
; ( ( ; ; ; ( ;
3276B48B47F254
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
B2CD4CC46EF848276B484E2B4
3276B485B2CDFCC4
; ( ( ; ; ; ( ;
(
C676872808
2BD6E42
;
79 79 79 79 ; ; ; 79
3276B48B47F254
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
B2CD4CC46EF848276B484E2B4
3276B485B2CDFCC4
; ( ( ; ; ; ( ;
(
7F83B4DF8=8
2BD6E4F
;
; ( ( ; ; ; 79 ;
3276B48B47F254
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
B2CD4CC46EF848276B484E2B4
3276B485B2CDFCC4
; ( ( ; ; ; ( ;
(
7F83B4DF898
2BD6E4F
;
; ( ( ; ; ; ( ;
3276B48B47F254
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
B2CD4CC46EF848276B484E2B4
3276B485B2CDFCC4
; ( ( ; ; ; ( ;
(
7F83B4DF8(;8
2BD6E4F
;
; ( ( ; ; ; ( ;
3276B48B47F254
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
A2BF28482E28F823245/8482E27F
1 0E82CCFE2848BD6BF8E82E27F86E8E2872BF28482E28
32B4828B8M83A85B2C36B52BF827834I8<B8C4D6748278CF6E68
J7N.4C58(O<GK4
1 0E86E446E4848F.43B624745/86E48C4D676836B52876< E,8
458484E6BD246EF)8.4E48728.2E545/8484E6BD246EF8
5B2CFB447F8EF77E45/8485FD3688@ 1,$%$<8B876< E,4
1 E8CFE27F86E8E28BF.FE28D2CC4D28B$M88
3FBF552DFE5F8B46C5B447F82832B54BF828<B8C6482D346E48
2.4C45483FB8E45/8485FD364
1 7F782C68FEFB27F8 2E27482F5548284C5B686E8B2336B568
CFE27FFBD6BF8F7,8C486554FEF8@ 1,$%$B$76< (DF7,A
4E43FEFE5FDFE5F8278EDFB6848C4D6748J2EE6E8(OGHK4
P656E4964672
O794672
9E27646 41B67412E7A2A
FE27F
25A3OA:OAO
%4E64672,
O794672
44527F 076!64
25AO721
FE27F8
2E27646
27CF89D3745F8
Q672546E
27CF8B2546E8
Q672546E
27CF826C4546E8
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed Q672546E
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
1234567689
AB84CDE2F5E55EB82E2EB
A2E45B55E2848E4DBE4BC56
1 DEF2C5789E322C947F77FC
1 4BC2C6525789E359BDDA3A75
1 47CAECE5C5DA39E359BDDA3A75
1 C66C7753A7D9E359BD475
1 4325B5789E595A47C22C5DA39B848343B55D9E32945473C
1 E54DA56525789E59C25BC5DA59282FF683EB6848BC452
"
!726E246CB #B6E4246CB
C5BE6CCBFF46CB
$
16C4246CB
%4C5BED242&
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
782767256EB
6B77682E45B55E27B
"
#B6E42
#B6E4246CB
!726E246CB #B6E42
#2(CB542
!7B55E6C42
'C4581BC5E27B848
!726E246CB
C5BE6CCBFF46CB
1677B(2BC54
%*'+,124& $
16C4246CB
%4C5BED242&
)BE4DBE4B
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
A68FB2848E4DBE4BC56
1
561 #B6E42848 .4B6,52F54BE28
2FF21 %5BE4C27B&1
2341
789ABCDA1
2541
*'+1 4C4E441
6C5E67761
B1CA
B1AADAA
B1A1
CD
C8D81 C8D81
C8DA1A1
A1 ! A1 !
!
"BCA8D181FB8 E8FDA1A1FBB
2C#DCA
8DF
/667683BE8
7281)'
16CCB556E48
3BE8728
B6E42
16CCB556E483BE8
4F48D4FF4
4 ABC5B2
$ CAA1A1FC18BBA8181B
4 A44525823245
$ 1D8B8D8181F8D1A1AB#BACA&A189CA
4 +6E22E468B783E6BFF6EB8%1)'&
$ #8D'198111234561B1CD181B
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
0E45B55E2828F8(BE2E44
783E6BFF6EB
3C9D
A89D65D9B7
E79BA3 5869CAE5 DA6ACD5
59D89
456789A 3C9D
123
B5CD8AE5 9B7
F
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
A!8BFB56EB
1 C82767256EB82F2568F77!2E"45B55E2848#6C8$B%2CC8BFBB8C8
3E6E2%%28F77282FB8B48FBBC5483E4C434&
1 23456765849AB5CD568CDC6E7EC95BB34565D6AD36E7EC9536123456F7679E74476853636
8F9544A936F7636744A93
1 56FCD47DA4562736E7EC95368CDC65D2595BB34565D63876336C9C6C85B5CD76
5D257D27D47E7D47623645C6256234C6C65849AB5CD76FCD47DA4C
1 765849AB5CD567DCDC6787A54765D6EC2C687A7DB537
1 7874C24683BE84872818F486%36E52828BFB56EB8'8B5568 12345644278
96AAB236(8AB84F5E46C48FE455B84C874C2468%2"4C28F6C6834556F568
E4%BC5274&8
1 56FCDF744C625645C6256234C66A38563887D47
1 56DAE79C6256C793D25665E5434C65D67D7976DCD6562562A7
1 56DAE79C6256C793B5CD5697584766952C44C
#5DB$
5B75
%&5BD5
48 58
A8 78
58 8 68
78
68
68
0A865D2595BB56
0A8623456
0A86FCD49CC6
6 18
C45848
6C5E67768
.2528325"8
-./6
28
8B%6E426
18
1 8B566&832E542%682486%36CBC548"B8FBE*6C683BE8
6%37B52EB87!BFB46CB8B77B84*BEFB8D2F484842FC28
4F5E46CB
1 365BF48FB%374D4254*2&82FF%42%68482*BEB8284F36F446CB8
B8%B%6E4B84F54C5B<8C283BE87B84F5E46C48B8C283BE848254
1 )27548C6C86C446C254
1 8C8454A5976AD3639476276-16FCD6
3FAD562756546FCD47DA456D7#2
1 7B%BC548CBBFF2E4
1 ,6DA365D656,
)52468A8
0)21
)52468@8
08.1
)52468=8
04A1
)52468,8
0A21
)52468+8
F5E46CB8+ F5E46CB8, F5E46CB8= F5E46CB8@ F5E46CB8A F5E46CB89
081
)52468A8
F5E46CB8+ F5E46CB8,
0)21
)52468@8
F5E46CB8+ F5E46CB8, F5E46CB8=
08.1
)52468=8
F5E46CB8+ F5E46CB8, F5E46CB8= F5E46CB8@
04A1
)52468,8
F5E46CB8+ F5E46CB8, F5E46CB8= F5E46CB8@ F5E46CB8A
0A21
)52468+8
F5E46CB8+ F5E46CB8, F5E46CB8= F5E46CB8@ F5E46CB8A F5E46CB89
081
, + * ) (
D, D8',
D8',
D+ D8'+
D8'+ D8',
D8',
D567
D* D8'*
D8'* D8'+
D8'+ D8',
D8',
D) D8')
D8') D8'*
D8'* D8'+
D8'+ D8',
D8',
D( D8'(
D8'( D8')
D8') D8'*
D8'* D8'+
D8'+ D8',
D8',
D- D8'-
D8'- D8'(
D8'( D8')
D8') D8'*
D8'* D8'+
D8'+
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
FB46CB84C8343B74CB
)524
)52468A8
0)21
F5E(8$@ F5E(8$= F5E(8$, F5E(8$+ F5E(8$ F5E(8$7+
)52468@8
08.1
F5E(8$= F5E(8$, F5E(8$+ F5E(8$ F5E(8$7+ F5E(8$7,
)52468=8
04A1
F5E(8$, F5E(8$+ F5E(8$ F5E(8$7+ F5E(8$7, F5E(8$7=
)52468,8
0A21
F5E(8$+ F5E(8$ F5E(8$7+ F5E(8$7, F5E(8$7= F5E(8$7@
)52468+8
F5E(8$ F5E(8$7+ F5E(8$7, F5E(8$7= F5E(8$7@ F5E(8$7A
081
5+ 5, 5= 5@ 5A 59
:B%36
C86C484F52C5B80B((85=1848F6C68A84F5E46C484C8BFB46CB
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
FB46CB84C8343B74CB
, + * ) (
D9 99 91,
91, 91+
91+ 91*
91* 91)
91)
D9/, 9/,
9/, 99 91,
91, 91+
91+ 91*
91*
D9/+ 9/+
9/+ 9/,
9/, 99 91,
91, 91+
91+
D9/* 9/*
9/* 9/+
9/+ 9/,
9/, 99 91,
91,
D9/) 9/)
9/) 9/*
9/* 9/+
9/+ 9/,
9/, 99
EE.9DACD5D9/+B97C7(9D8097C99C55B097C5
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
FB46CB84C8343B74CB
)524
)52468A8
0)21
F5E(8$@ F5E(8$= F5E(8$, F5E(8$+ F5E(8$ F5E(8$7+
)52468@8
08.1
F5E(8$= F5E(8$, F5E(8$+ F5E(8$ F5E(8$7+ F5E(8$7,
)52468=8
04A1
F5E(8$, F5E(8$+ F5E(8$ F5E(8$7+ F5E(8$7, F5E(8$7=
)52468,8
0A21
F5E(8$+ F5E(8$ F5E(8$7+ F5E(8$7, F5E(8$7= F5E(8$7@
)52468+8
F5E(8$ F5E(8$7+ F5E(8$7, F5E(8$7= F5E(8$7@ F5E(8$7A
081
5+ 5, 5= 5@ 5A 59
:B%36
C48F524680B((84A18BFBB872832E5B848F286%3B5BC28
484F5E46C48FBFF4*B87!C28277!275E2(
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
FB46CB84C8343B74CB
, + * ) (
D9 99 91,
91, 91+
91+ 91*
91* 91)
91)
D9/, 9/,
9/, 99 91,
91, 91+
91+ 91*
91*
D9/+ 9/+
9/+ 9/,
9/, 99 91,
91, 91+
91+
D9/* 9/*
9/* 9/+
9/+ 9/,
9/, 99 91,
91,
D9/) 9/)
9/) 9/*
9/* 9/+
9/+ 9/,
9/, 99
7DA97*555EAA8D59AB765D5C0A
99D8097C9BB595E.CAAEE.AED8A'
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
*6746CB&8F3BE343B74C4C
1 BE82%BC52EB8728DEB;BC2828483F8DC46C2EB8
C83E6BFF6EB8F483F82%BC52EB8478C%BE6848F5248
B7728343B74CB80)3BE343B74CB1
1 527367D7937B636$93EE7D43B5CD76A4795C9762736575D76
5D65684325697D2765685DC568432565677E7D4395676A5D25656
87D356C88CDC6344937983956567CF7E7D476E7DC695439256
2569C33B5CD762CA45633687E5$5F3B5CD762756F59FA545
1 78497E5BB3B5CD7627695DF55C62736575D7
1 -7D45AE646-978FC44B6" 684325
1 3DF7656F3E5C625647FDCC53679E74476$585F3E7D476AD6
3AE7D4C62736$97A7DB36256$ADB5CD3E7D4C
, + * #2, (
25DB$ 5B75 E5DD8A 389D54AB5
758AC9 #2+
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
*6746CB&8"C3BE5"EB24C
1 BE86554%42EB8768FDE552%BC568B77B8C458DC46C274848C8
3E6BFF6EB8F3BEF272EB836FF68BFB4EB834G8D7FF4848
BFB46CB84C86C5B%36E2CB2
1 765849AB5CD56256AD6$A88C6256787FAB5CD768CDC6796$C9B36256FC876FCD25B5CD3476
#AD3623#349365D6A3D4C68AFF7885CD76C5F36A5D256625$$5F576A455BB3976
4A447676AD54%6C6F76DCD6856795$5F5DC6E356CFF5636F3A836256
5D479257D27DB7
1 5273B62A5F3976#AD54%6256FCD49CC62769CF788C976796C47967845976AD6
87FCD2C6$A88C6256787FAB5CD76B7768F5BFF683E6E2%%28DCD6F56AK67887976
F3E5C6256FCD4784C6F76323636CFFA39765684325657956C635E7D45636
575D762A93D47656CFF565FFCC6E55C93E7D4C625697843B5CD5
1 D7F788395C6568AC94C68C$4L3976356$A8856EA4556256787FAB5CD769A8C5
1 569C953E7D4762744C685EA43D7CA86EA45497325D6M79497325D66AD6
DCE76FCEE79F537
4B7C997
$9B9&
$ B223 41329%9D122 DBC37 B5492229222
!9#
2D6C955D76:67936 !61C997B5CD568AFF7885763DDC6
C9434C636$58839765M+N6OA784C6AC625976F76F#6AD6
5DF97E7D4C6256F59F364789>O8277!2CC6
,6666666
,666666
,66666
,787 ,77, ,77* ,77( ,779 ,777
AB83BE4DBE4B848
A2852FF6C6428B482767256E4
$BE4DBE42
"B #848F5256
%C45848
6C5E67768
B774C5BED242
"B 4F5E68254
TC4E4''4
‾
𕦦C5E6776
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
(F4 BC'B
1 ()452EB83BE45B8683742'46C4848254#
1 16CFBC54EB86C42'46C482F4CE6CB#
1 *B782F68487B55E282852F54BE2+87B86C42'46C48
F6C6
1 9A85A5F6A8A8B365AE
1 9A8B365A8A8277A89F8DD36FAE
1 9A8277A89F8DD36FA8A8B63C6ADDA8285F7FA8F789A53E
4C43BCBC5BBC5B8277B862745848 BF546CB8488
2655252#
1 32C6874C5BED2428B77283BE4DBE42836E52847825682772836E528
484C EBFF6+82C28C8FB C27B82783E6BFF6EB+8436CBC6 748
4872F42EB874/BE68478/F#
1 ,336F45484E4548 BCBE2C68C8476848/F8B8D6E'28
72554)2'46CB8B772836E52+8 BCBE2874C4E4''684C8B6E4286)B8
B)B8D4C4EB8478256+862C28728B6E42827728FE455E2#
1 C52C56+84783E6BFF6EB8C6C85474''28478/F#
1 5BE4C2568478476+874C5BED2428B77283BE4DBE4282C28C8
275E68FB C27B82783E6BFF6EB+872F42C676874/BE68483E6FB 4EB#
1 C83E2542+827C484E45484882CC68FE4556847825684C8
B6E42+83648C2C6FB6C486368478F682EE4)6#
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
-4F36F454)4848C EBFF6%F452801
123456789AB5
C78D2
1234567893 2EA2597
1234567
1$% F
829A57B2
CDEF56789AB5
1 $64C5654@8D3#FD45386F7#A5389A848
43682823456377A87A8B6F34887A8 6328 A98
9F6F348#6382F87A8B6F348#F48
62F5A5AE 7A45F8
5328BA98
1P
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
C5BE2'46CB86FB!635BE
1 C48)67528B8F48F36F52+84786FB84C)428C28
FB.BC'28488/75B82782767256EB87C 68C28
74CB28FBE427B
1 48F4563828F49F2A8738B35AD4538OE
1 48F4563828F49F2A8738B35AD4538QE
1 48F4563828F49F2A87385A5389F8B7A45F
1 78682B5528.BF5B84CD6E2'46C48B86C)BE5B8
7B84C42'46C48EB7254)B84C)425B82786FB8
CB772836F4'46CB82FF67528B78EF6EB#
1 32745848C2824C284 4527B
1 P8434837382ABA2F5$89F8DD36FA884D6389F8
BFH786F7#A5F89A784368P
1 P8DA8A428#732F5$89F82A5538
977J3556A536"87DF43F5$89789FA*6ADDA"8
9F4ADF2F5$8977A8CADDA89F823736F"8
2A6A556F5F28355F289C7F83%F55F#F"8P
83EB''48F6C68F67684C4254)4#
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
12767256E484F36C4/474 B
1 12767256E486C6F6
1 2FB8F4C37F8F42377A5F8A77JF4564389F8%FC7F55F89F8AC6FE
1 F856A55A8F48B6A5F2A89F82A7237A536F8A88C55A
1 64F5B48B/BB802767256E48B42541
1 2A7237A536F828F8563#A438F4857*34F"857#F36F"8*364F"8A53"8
P
1 5F8 2A7237A536F8 23454C3438 48 B63236"8 D438 9F8 48
DCA%589F8DD36FA88A728*4F3489F8'(
1 C4B6 2B
1 436DA7F8 2A7237A536F8 2348 BA65F237A6F8 2ABA2F5$8 C6A*F2"8 DA8
3*5>A68 7FDF5A538 8 B328 B3F%F7F5$8 9F8 54F34E8 *A4438
BA6589F85A82A5C36FA8A428F8 E
1 23454C343848B63236"8A724F8DCA%589F8DD36FA"848
5FB389F826D38A4284857#F3688B32389F8BF&
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
12767256E484F36C4/474
1 $BEF6C278635BE80$11868A6E@F52546C
1 935A5F8 9F8 A7248 92F48 9F8 DCA%58 9F8 DD36FA"8 9F8 48
9F238 *F38 23454458 A724F8 CFCA%58 9F8 9A5F"8 96F#8 1
C("8D39D"829A8A9F388A7568B6F*6F2E
1 935A5F8 9F8 F5DF8 3B6A5F#F8 7A%36A5F"8 D3758 3BF34F8 9F8
BA4F34884A8#A5A8CADDA89F83*5>A689FB34F%F7
1 6BE)BE848EB5B8
1 F8 56A55A8 9F8 8 38 >36=5A5F348 B354FA5F8 5F7FA5F8 23D8
6#689F8658FA8B687865F8732A7F828B6845645E
1 F53438FA8F48234*FC6AF3482348B6323684F238282348
BF&8 B63236F"8 A4438 A724F8 CFCA%58 9F8 DD36FA"8 D375F8
CFCA%589F8BAF38789F238*F388F456*A2289F8658A98A75A8
#732F5$
A28B6E428BC5E27B
"?1/",@,1+/(?8
764C2'2 *2 02 *2 *2 02 *2 *2 02 02
8474&6ACBC2
486C5E6776 13318
764C252 02
764C2(2 02
29826656&&62
764C2-2 02
764C2*02 02
764C2**2 02
764C2*+2 02
764C2*)2 02
764C2*,2 02
764C2*42 02
74##6385662
298262
02 *2 *2 02 *2 *2 02 02 1CBA2
AB5A77A2
74BBA2A2C28564542
2982CB62
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
&B6E428F881
1 AB818F6C68FB3EB8F525B8348B7648B77B8B6E4B
1 7C94BA2 62 6B4#5C&6A42 C2 A84B6BA2 62 54C76&&C542 12
36347642428934528C7C562A7BA24 664B6242B764!
1 477424A5642"2C94BCBC27C223245!23662427C2B7645!%
1 A52BFF6827728B6E42832FF28255E2BEF68478F
1 7C2 DEB'BC2 262 9&6AC4BA2 B78 F 2"2 A7BA2 348 2FF22
62$9477C2477C2DEF!
1 672 F 23972 4884542 43B C256 2C2 4 4BB9C542 B5C8 4564B62
AB5A77CB62284F36F4544262832)256C64*24%#%219%
1 A84DD447B8E46E4C2EB 87B84F5E46C4 84C866828365BE8
FDE552EB8485B34848255BF28B7728B6E428
1 A836FF447B8D2EB8B6E4B867568B7648FB8F52CC68CB78
438B77281<828F6C683467B8B86F56FB8
1234556797
18 :5C8 4564BA2
62CB62
1234556787
4A56C2#5C42
4274BC2
A28B6E428482FF2
14E4568-C5BE2568438
1+8
/B282EB865BE)62E8
-C(67E68BF5BEC68B782767256EB82FB8
,B4F5E48
12B8-874(8
12B8--874(8
,.'8
/336E548BF5BEC48
04F68D4FF682E84F18
1234565789A 1234565789A 1234565789A
1234565789AB97421839A
B97421839A 511839A 2621154839A
CDEA2F1248A CEAEEA C69FA8FA
1 66E255246CB*863BE246CB8B83EB4F36CB85E2B8B8FB556E48
3BE87287B55E25FE455E2
123445
67389AB23
254C2D
B2C5E528
B2C5E528
B2C5E528
B2C5E528
B2C5E528
B2C5E528
5C2562892A
B2C5E528 5264
1234567723893A58A8B3CB5D69B3E93F78895B
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
+EBF5246C48B484F4
1 2B368482BF68F868!89$F
" /BB1854B
" 9A156!584A16/61A8/A61A99A15A228A1 87!5A#
" 86461A99A1$622A482A1E,8,1$!911615A2261A8A26458&
" A25BC:
" 8918!2316/61735A6138431A135A61891A5314699A13!8%83461 87!5A#
" 86461A99A1/693285218135A%83461E,8-1:C1 1&;8,&$!&
1 2E2CFDBE8,25B8'43F
" ;B7645 8485E2FDBE4BC568B784F6
" 86461A99A164!8521816 8!5A%8346161A99A1/693285218135A%8346#
" 741!65536181,14<5618286613A1,1611=!621E,81+!62&
" ;B7645 8485E2FDBE4BC568B78F4F5B28486C5E6776
" >B>?1/!&1@?A@
3
B23 B99274B53 623 3
3
B233 !3 ""#"3 $%&893 '3 $%&(6)3 *B3
B23$3 !3 "+#+3 $%&893 '3 $%&(6)3 *B3
B23"3,3 "#33 $%&893 '3 $%&(6)3 *B3
B23-3,3 "+#+3 $%&893 '3 $%&(6)3 *B3
.4563,,3B23-3 #3 $%&893 '3 $%&(6)3 /23
.4563,,3B23$3 ++#+3 $%&893 '3 0%&(6)3 /23
1
1C7EE578#
1C7EE578"
1 .BFF68FB7BC427B
1 '675687BC54
1 54748F67683BE863BE246C4848DBEF5
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
1234567689
AB84CDE2F5E55EB86D52EB
1 78F4F5B2863BE254683!8BFFBEB84C5BF686B8C68F5EBC568B8
4E5274217B82E255BE4F54B8B77"2E2EB8F6556F52C5B#86DDEBC6848
BFF687284F46CB848C2824C282F5E2552834$8365BC5B8B834$8FB374B828
54742EB848%B7728D4F42BC5B84F36C447B&
1 '86B8()*')8+)AA)8 ')
1 '86B8,-11. /-8)*)-
1 -BFF682484F36F45448484C0EBFF61F452
1 -E44246CB8482548B83E60E24
1 16C5E67768482BFF6
1 16C52474246CB
1 (BF546CB8B4827DC46C2BC54
4F5B28'3BE2546
.
.
1 584F5B28'3BE25468688233742546
1 78&'&86B8CBBFF2E468793DA367BD7F
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
)7BBC54848C8'
1 4F5B284823456783193A1BC7D3447C3#
1 4F5B284823456783193AAE1F3F7C6E#
1 4F5B284823456783193AA31B3C63C6D3#
1 4F5B284823456783193616A387D47B8FF5B8
1 4F5B2848234567831932A61538568B8B48EB72544862C48
74C5BE3EB5B862C48#
1 4F5B284823456783193AAE1C353
C5BE3EB5B8
62C48
4F5B28
'3BE25468
(BF546CB8 (BF546CB8
B6E428 3BE4DBE4B8
6D52EB8
2337425468
47B8 /7B68768:BECB788
;0BF546CB83E6BFF6EB<8 C5BED2428
FF5B8
6C8728EB5B8
.2E2EB8
"3AEF
=E60E&8@
=E60E&8?
=E60E&8> "3AEF
3BFDB7F3 B9938B2E3D2FE3DB7F72672#$%
60C48AF5E256B8E4F67B8C83E67B28F3B4D46
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
/7B6
1 C5BE204FB84EB552BC5B86C87"2E2EB
1 486328B77"BFB46CB8B483E60E248B8B7728E4F36F528
20748BBC548BF5BEC480BCBE2548277B8C4583BE4DBE4B&
1 63683E4C4327B80BF54EB8483E6BFF486EE4F36CBC548248
3E60E248B8F6C686C5B36E2CB2BC5B825544&
1 6EC4FB8277B824CB84E527484874B7768F3BE46EB87284F46CB8
48C84CF4BB848C45848B726E246CB84E5274842FC28
B4252828C83E6BFF683EBFBC5B84C8B6E42
1 (BF54FB84786C5BF56848BFB46CB8B482E483E6BFF4
1 -5528C283674542848275BEC2C2874D39A68288CB77"2BFF68
277281=982832E5B8B483E6BFF484C8BFB46CB&
254
D9 4C4E44
6C5E6776
1 6EC4FB8277B824CB84874B7768F3BE46EB872836FF44745848726E2EB8
6B8FB8BFFB82BFFBE68284F36F446CB8C28B6E428B4252#848
2324582CB820046EB848%B7728D4F42BC5B84F36C447B&
254
D9 4C4E44
6C5E6776
1 6EC4FB8C284F46CB8B78F4F5B284C848483E6BFF4836FF6C68
63BE2EB8B42C5B8B3C63C6D31E45CE553&
1 ,2FBE287B82E255BE4F54B8D4F4B8B77B83BE4DBE4B8B87B8
F3B4D4B863BE246C48484C0EBFF61F452
1 '0C483E6BFF6828284F36F446CB8B77B83BE4DBE4B84E5274
3E6BFF6
1'
4E527B
24C282F5E2552
,B6E42848 24B6152F54BE2
2FF2 75BE4C27B8
1=9 1'
4E527B 4E527B C5BED2428 1' C5BED2428 1'
254
D9 4C4E44
6C5E6776
,B6E42
3E6BFF6 1' ,B6E42
3E6BFF6 1' ,B6E42
3E6BFF6 1'
76042 4E527B 76042 4E527B 76042 4E527B
3E6BFF6
1'
3E6BFF6
1' 24C282F5E2552
4E527B 4E527B
,B6E42848
2FF2
254
D9 4C4E44
6C5E6776
E665
1=9 1'
4E527B 4E527B
C6 B 5EB E
D>
27D2 B52
D> DF
,B6E42
3E6BFF6 1'
76042 4E527B
D@ D? D@ D?
1 (BF54FB8728B6E428482FF2
1 (BF54FB848D47B
1 7832E277B74F682874B7768482548B8484F5E46C48C836FF447B8F67686C87"434B06848
2E45B55EB848B726E246CB832E277B72#82F25B8F77283EBFBC284834$8C45848
B726E246CB84C80E26848BFB04EB84F5E46C484C86686C6EEBC5B8282CB#83BE8
BFB346#8482B0254874C020048483E60E2246CB&
1 7832E277B74F682874B7768483E60E228E42B8CB77"24568B48F4F5B4863BE2544&
1 AB86C446C48B8C8F4F5B2863BE25468BB8F64FD2EB8F6C6
1 BDD44BC24
1 4C5BE2554454
1 F4CE6C4246CB1663BE246CB
1 785B36848BFB46CB8B783E6BFF6EB8C86C44F68
5E2834$85BC54
1 '0C483E6BFF684C8BFB46CB828284F36F446CB8C8
%2C568485B36848547468B77281=9#82785BE4CB8
B78%27B84BCB8F6F3BF683BE872F42EB847836F56828C8
275E683E6BFF684C8255BF2848BFB46CB
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
)FB46CB848C83E6BFF6
1
123456
275A7BC5D26 788297642A6542A7BC5DC6EC6F6
1 32EDF388F293932E!23CC3997BA39323883D3272
3837F328B20432
1 %72FE3DB7F32672#$%2F87893272B27BAB9B2B2
87893AB2FE3DB97F232767272B28F8E387F32632
EDF388F293932E3D23837F3263FE3DB7F32672#$%2
6B2EBD93263253D32
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
5254848C83E6BFF6
1637B52BC56863BE246CB848
1'87F48BE4D4287"BBC568255BF68
=E6BFF68 =E6BFF6
25546 4C8255BF2
44BF528
63BE246CB848 1'
,77389B2
FE3DB7F32672#$%
=E6BFF4
0FAE39BA39F2FE3DB7F32672 4C8255BF2
#$%2339F23893DF2B9938F
1 -837F32 229938B
1 72EDF388F2736326332D78FD83232F2
8FF2678EF7772F2B9936322339F2 = )
1 72*%28BB299932327CFDAB7F72
3388BD732B2D7ED363D323837F3232
7CFDAB7F32D3B97B2B339F2
B9938F23B29B3B26372EDF3887 -
1 -837F32 24DF9F
1 "3DA7B272B9F267293AEF23272EDF388F272
63837F372B87B28EB7F2B22B9DF2
EDF388F26EDF9F7
= )
1 #2*%28BB23B29B3B26372EDF3887299932
327CFDAB7F72E3D2D7ED363D323837F32
632EDF388F26B2E9F272727332
793DDF99B -
1 0F93AEFDB3BA39322B9DF2EDF388F2
EB88B26B26EDF9F72B263837F37
1 148F6C68B8C6B85E2CF446CB848F5256
1 BFB46CB8FBE8 8BFB46CB8:BECB7
1 BFB46CB8:BECB78 8BFB46CB8FBE
#93DDE9
=E6BFF684C8
=E6BFF48 F2*90
BFB46CB
3E6C54 "3DA732B9F2672 7:BECB78
93AEF
"3DA732
3BFDB7F3
0FAE39BA39F2 =E6BFF4
FE3DB7F32672#$%2 ,77389B2
4C8255BF2 FE3DB7F32672#$%
339F23893DF2B9938F
4CB8 1'
1'
4 2 3 5 1 1 1 1 1
=E6BFF68@ ) = = ) - - - = = )
=E6BFF68? = ) = = ) = ) ) = =
=E6BFF68> = = ) = = ) = = ) =
=>
=?
=@
= )
-
12468486C5BF56
1 A280BF546CB8B77B84C5BE246C48DE28483E6BFF4843742
1 B2F4CE6C4246CB8CDB232BD732B99779'232F7287FF2EDF388F263328F3D3272
AF6F2EBDB3F2D78E399F2B72B9D7
1 B26C4246CB52F3DF2B2AF6B79'2E3D2F28BA7F263726B972CDB272EDF3887
1 ,62745848DC46C2BC568B483E6BFF4
1 4C8D6EB0E6C52B6F272EDF388F2&2B779B9F2B793DB7F32F293934
1 4C82:0E6C52B6F272EDF388F2F2&272DB6F52BA3F293AEFDB3BA39352672
793DB7D3267D399BA3932F2939342389F2&2F289B9F272728729DFBF2EBD372
6372EDF38872D3B9772B32C7F72793D3263287893AB2FE3DB97F
1C4A756A98847
1234256
17829A4
B37A727967687829A4
CD95
1 ,4E6:BECB7
F5E55E286BEC284C848F482FFB0C2C68278:BECB7836B8DC46C48BFFBC4274
1 3897F3263728EB72672767D7BA39F5
1 FA7B7F32CDB272EDF38872 =1#8 C5BE2 =E6BFF816C42546C
1 C7F72B8326723897F3263B204328367
1 7283D772632*%28FF2CFD79726B2EDF38872328FF29DB99B9726B2A7DF53D32FA329993232
B9D32BEE7B7F7
1 ,754H5EB24C08C8547B83BE8%B77B823374246C48B8F6706C68
634548E2046CB67BC5B84C43BCBC548B8C6C8CBBFF452C68
3BE52C56848BFFBEB8FBE4274254&
1 ,4E6:BECB78B87545EB24C08F6C686E248F25484C82C4BE28
6C04C528CB7768F473368B48F4F5B4863BE25448B8B77B8
23374246C484F5E445B&
254
D9 4C4E44
6C5E6776
1 780BF56EB8B7728B6E42
1 BDB97832B72BD72EDF38872F2F32468484C4E42BC5684E527B87272
BFDBD35232E!23883D328E3D7FD32BB2A3AFD7B2C787B2ED38393232BFB9FD3
1 A3993272B99F26372A3B78A72672EDF937F3232993BF2B2ED7B93B263F2
8EB7F2672BFDF2B883B9F2B2F72EDF388F
1 +B8F324848B6E42
1 F32468760464
1 F32468D4F46
1 =BE8D2E8DC46C2EB84783E60E2282E42C67682832E54EB828C2836F446CB8
2E45E2E428B7728B6E4284F60C28BDDB552EB8C28 D7FB7F38F62EB828555480748
4C4E4483EBFBC548CB783E60E228C8276EB87 8E7BBA39F886EE4F36CBC5B827728
4DDBEBC28DE287"4C4E4682832E54EB8278%27B8BEE8BDDB5542BC5B82E42568478
3E60E228B8478276EB82832E54EB8278%27B8F6C68F525482767254807484C4E44&
)FB46CB83E468 *
3E6BFF683E6C56
12E4284C8 21
B6E42 C5BEE35
=E6BFF48 =E6BFF684C8
=E6BFF483E6C54
3E6C54 BFB46CB
74C8B6E428
7F84F68 *BE4CB8%2C56848 7:BECB78
2E42
5B36
27728B6E42
32468D4F46 3246876046
.3AFD7B2C787B2632
BFB9FD32866778B272 4CA 48A
?2EB732
.3AFD7B2F7B2632 48A
EDF388F2= 4CB 48B
>2EB732F732 48=
4C@
4CD
4CE
4CF
-,82785B368*@ -,82785B368*?
A A
= 4B7B2=2EDF388F2= =
> 4B7B2>2EDF388F2= -783E6BFF68@8FBE6C68C6B8 > 4B7B2E2EDF388F2=
B 3204CB&8-7CB8B4B8C6C8 B
FBE6C6834$
@ @ 4B7B2F2EDF388F2=
D D 4B7B2D2EDF388F2=
E E
F 4B7B2B2EDF388F2= F 4B7B2B2EDF388F2=
? 4B7B2@2EDF388F2= ? 4B7B2@2EDF388F2=
#67D7F2F7F #67D7F2C787F
/A3DF2
4B7B2
C787B
/A3DF24B7B28F7B
"B3B26332
9 EB73
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
=204C246CB
1 A283204C246CB8E4F67B86C5B36E2CB2BC5B8
5EB83E67B4
= JF32A3993D3272EDF388F272A3AFD7B
> *E3DBD3272A3DF2672EDF3887232EF88F23897D32
F93AEFDB3BA393
B *E3DBD32B267A387F32C787B263B2A3AFD7B2672BFDF
254
D9 4C4E44
6C5E6776
1 ,2FBE2EB82483E6BFF487"BF4F5BC2848C8CBE687445256848
E4F6EFB&
1 ,2FBE2EB82483E6BFF487284DDBEBC285E28E4F6EFB8B7768F5BFF68
543687684854368F447B8
1 8F4F5B4863BE2544863EBC6C6848E4BE83BE87280BF546CB8B77B8
3BE4DBE4B834$86C4&
1 '0C482004C5286864D428277286CD40E246CB8F52C2E8636E528
7"4CF5277246CB848F6D52EB82446C27B87E4BE82004C5448&
1 9C8F4F5B28=C=26CFBC5B8482004C0BEB8737088C6B8
3BE4DBE4B8278F4F5B28B836FF6C68BFFBEB8547425B87 3728#8
FBC28CBBFF458484C5BEBC5682832E5B8B77"5BC5B83BE8728
FB7B46CB8B87"4CF5277246CB8B48E4BE&
1=9 1'
4E527B 4E527B C5BED2428 1' C5BED2428 1'
254
D9 4C4E44
6C5E6776
,B6E42
3E6BFF6 1' ,B6E42
3E6BFF6 1' ,B6E42
3E6BFF6 1'
76042 4E527B 76042 4E527B 76042 4E527B
'BE68478F4F5B28480BF546CB2B7728
B6E428482FF2&
1 '0C48F4F5B2863BE2546836CB8B484C6748F77287C0B28B48
D47BC2B8B8F482E255BE48484836FF6C68BFFBEB86F545454
1 .*KJ%*27AEF3B2B23B2AB887AB2672?LB2BDB993D72E3D2FA72362
389387F7
1 )76F82B227A7932672>D@2BDB993D72FAED38F272EB9
1 8D47B8F6C680BCBE27BC5B86E02C425484C82E5B77B874EB56E88B8
F65562E5B77B84C8C280BE2E4282827BE6876#82787445B#8280E2D68
247468&
&888887E24B8
9*)/*
+'
+ +-**
'
/)
A)O '/
FAAB6FA
)-, D -/1.
3679FA C73B9M9 C73NE C73B9M9
MFEGFA
79DF9M9
78DC36F 78D36F C73B
78DABD6F
1 NBF5686CFBC5B848E3D8FB7BD32478F4F5B2#83BE8BFB3468BD4CBC6
1 B26789D77F326372F89726723897F32CDB272BD7293974
1 B2787779'263287893AB27293DA772672EFD7F32632C7328G893A2FAE3887F52E3D7C3D73232
EDFDBAA72BEE7B9772678EF7774
1 B2E3D8FB7B7F3263BA73932FE3DB97F
1 16CFBC5B8486C5E6772EB807482BFF48248D47B
1 73F26723E65B46CB8B273F2672C732F267267D39FDG4
1 B9DF2A39F6F;2-BFF816C5E678A4F5
3E6BFF6
1'
3E6BFF6
1' 24C282F5E2552
4E527B 4E527B
,B6E42848
2FF2
254
D9 4C4E44
6C5E6776
E665
1=9 1'
4E527B 4E527B
C6 B 5EB E
D>
27D2 B52
D> DF
,B6E42
3E6BFF6 1'
76042 4E527B
D@ D? D@ D?
C5BED2428
0E2D42
7364C58G874:8
1 16C44BEB84C86685E2F32EBC5B8254#83BE4DBE4B8
B8C45848B726E246CB&
1 C832E54672EB8F485E2552848365BE80BF54EB87B8
B3C63C6D38B84786A314453F&
C2D8
C2D8 C2D8 C2D8
C2D8 C2D8
2A2A C2D8
988475646CD79E26
9385689393
!9296762348A78875E9
EB2EB 3EBFBC52EB
B726E2EB
24F4EB 2552EB
2E442EB
6C42EB
1 !!
5E24#46C27BC5B8 BC5EB86&&48F48F528
7$BCD2F48%8F F36F52C68F
'846%8F77$4C5BE6CCBFF46CB84C
EB5B8B48F4F5B4848B726E2#46CB8'
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
B548482767256E48F8!4F5B484F5E4454
1 B5B8482767256E4
1 234256578279AB9CBADCE27AFDC3C627DEA7BCEC79CBB5AD276582A3D57F3A7E5D57827
9C6F329A2C35
1 B27FD53D274C3C7237EA8C782723D5EA2E572376C8C754B292DC79C37BA7E5D5757237
AB9F3279A4274C3C7D53FD27A7AEBC
1 279AB9CBADCE279C3354427ABBA7E5D576A3D53C3C7F3795EDC7EA8C7827
238253853A72379A4C7827FA4DC7C723824C322B2D785BBA7E5D57C327
9AB9CBADCE579C3D23FA7A7F32C3AE57238228FAB653D5
1 !4F5B484F5E4454
1 B27FD53D273C37A33C72422B2D74FBBAE92D5DDFEA785B7424D56A
1 2B7424D56A7427E5453DA79C657F37424D56A7C6C535C7EC5DDADC75E7
545F2E57F3AB29A2C357AED29CBAE5757A39C6AD
1 3755DD274278CE557AEBAE57827AB29A2C327824DE2F2D572FDDC4DC7957
827424D5627824DE2F2D2
16C44F46CB84 16C44F46CB84
E4F6EFB8D4F4B E4F6EFB84CD6E254B
B548484BCF46C4
B46*3467B
F292C7582292C7!
2 2
B548484BCF46C4
B46*&E6FFB
E52C357A2538A7!
2
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
67#46CB8B48F4F5B484CD6E2544
1 +286E&2C4##2#46CB8BC5E274##2528'
1 DA3D27"D5E623AB2#79CBB5AD27ABBC74D544C79AB9CBADCE57237535E57F376A23EA65
1 '8286E&2C4##2#46CB84F5E44528'
1 DA3D27$%79CBB5AD27DEA7827BCEC
1 BA7E5D578279CBB5A653DC7DEA727$%7&72B765C7E2392AB575E79C382285E57B57
23CE6A2C32757B57E24CE45
1 '8255E2BEF6863BE2#46C48486,CF4#4C&7-.8E4#46CB8B77B84BCF46C4/8'
1 9E5492DA75782F42C35785BB57E5D274C3C74DAD57A44A27824C6C5355
1 237C32745857C7582292C785BBA2538A7427&78AE26A7E5AB2ADA7F3A7E5D57BC9AB57957
45E24457ABB57ECE257542535
1 C27427&7E25BADC7359544AE2C79CBB5AE57B57825E457458276582A3D57F3A7E5D575CEA29A
1 '8B8484C5BECB5,6E04C&8-.677B&2BC56848EB5484BEFB/
1 5CBF2C3576556*3885BBA7E5D57A2538AB5
1 23D5EA2C35785BB574BEFB8EB548762741
1 23D5E544575E4C7BCEA32AE57827E5D278279AB9CBADCE27A2538AB217543E65667762
7A *8*
!8 88 AA88 C8C668&498
72874CB286CB
1 +!88 6CCBFF6
E46CD4&E247459 :88""818A BF5BC447459
6C44F46CB8B772874CB2 ;A 78818A 4CF5E22BC56
56527BC5B !A< 88+88 6C5E677247B
6C5E677247B =8+8A88 8> F67687627BC5B
,-. ;
B
48EB54
"
"
"
"
/-. /-.
" "
,-. ; ,-.
<
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
!BE4#48F28B76459
1 2FF4FF428B76459
1 D5B565DE2A7D5B59C3DECBBC7D5B5ABBAE62
1 2FF28B76459
1 C32A7A07$127C23D7C74AB57DEA34A2C327E56CD579C657E53CDA2C357
827DEADD57A5E5579C335442C327E56CD579C379AB9CBADCE27!
1 B428B76459
1 AF82C7324527285C7A7A44A75BC92D7A07A75B5ADA7E24CBF2C35
1 27528B76459
1 23D5E9C335442C357827E5D278279AB9CBADCE27DEA45E2653DC78272B5
1 2754FF428B76459
1 824DE2F2C357827453AB27285C7285C7C37856A387677A87ABDA7852322C357
38677285C9C35E5357285CD595
1 78&E26848255BC2#46CB8B78FB&C27B
1 AB84C5BEDBEBC#B85E28FB&C274
1 78CBE6848E4B456E4
127#2
F672C5B
126862FF427B 16C556EB
48FB&C27B
"24C283E65B5542
1724C&
C6C5B848B4FF46CB8
74C6F28-72FBE/ 16EB
C4E2865542
"24C283E65B554286322
1 >8478B##68485E2F4FF46CB8BC686F56F68B834J85474##25683BE8
FB&C2748F4282C276&448B84&452742
1 F4F56C684BEFB8543676&4B8486334C488-BC4D35E6567
F234156793A/84BC54D425B84C872FF4848274598EBFBC5B2
F4F5B28485E2F4FF46CB
F6E&BC5B86 BF54C2#46CB86
2C27B8485E2F4FF46CB
F6E&BC5B8?
BF54C2#46CB8?
F6E&BC5B8E BF54C2#46CB8E
($ ($
-@8/
($ ($
B5B8485E2F4FF46CB
($ ($
?
8 8 ;
6 N
M E
8+ 1
H
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
1652#46CB8484E456
E2FDBE4BC568 472F468B78
!B&C27B848
254 4E456
2B552#46CB8
42252
;
!B&C274848
E44BF528
42252
N
?
8
452E6848 452E6848 B36
3E632&2#46CB E4BE28C66
2B556848
2B556848
2B55482548 6CDBE28
2B552#46CB8
E4B#46CB
42252
+
E44BF52842252
2B556848
M
6
?
8
B36
7 :6BIC2L8 +2548
834B##28
N8 E?8 CEBBC#28-0F#/8
+4BEFB8563676&4B8
;F
48EB5B87627B
! : 8
!5B772
! : 8
8CB776
BFF2&&46584C82F68CB&25468728F52#46CB8
E4&BCBE28478FB&C27B8B87685E2FB55B827728
F52#46CB8FBFF422
1 C82CB77683K8BF5BCBEF48F84F52C#B8
B7B25B8&E2#4B8278D25568B86&C48F52#46CB8
E4&BCBE28478FB&C27B83E428484C42E76827728
F52#46CB8FBFF428B848744548484F52C#28
E4&2E2C684C8&BCBEB8F67687284F52C#285E28
B8F52#46C48242BC542
1 !2C52&&45
1 B262DADA7B54422B2D
1 A28A2B2D785BBA7E5D5
1 $5E7C2AE57A7)F54DC7ECB56A7427E5AB2A3C7
E5D27A78C2C7A35BBC79C378F579CBB5A653D27
F3C75E782E52C357DEA7C3279C2A7827 ! : 8
4DA2C3272376C8C7957BA7E5D576A3D53A7BA7
4FA7F32C3AB2D7A39572379A4C7827FA4DC7827
F3A74DA2C35
1 ;7B5665
1 42BFADC75E79C335DD5E57D5B5C32795BBFBAE279C37ABDE27824C42D22
1 C2754D54C7ABB57E5D27BC9AB27$-.7Q7$5E4C3AB7-E5A7.5D+CE=
1 27EC8CDD27957A8CDDA3C7BC74DA38AE87BF5DCCD7A33C7F37623F49CBC7E295DEA465DD2DCE57A7
E557EA2C7957C5EA74FBBA7A38A7EA82C7E2A7827B2953A7824C322B57A7B25BBC76C382AB57
>G?7C37574FCEDA75BC92D7827DEA45E2653DC78AD2723C7A7R>97H4
%2(-@%8
5E5)F53A7827
535EA2C357
85276544A2
6C=537
'23
6(-S 656C78279C3453A785B76544A2C77
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
43676&4B848EB5B
1 74BC5*FBEBE
1 2B7FBEBE854D24957BA79C382242C35785BB57E24CE45757BA7429FE5A785BBA7E5D5
1 B57ABDE574DA2C32785BBA7E5D574C3C785DD5774BC5
1 B57E24CE4579C382245757E5457A9954422B27A279B253D74C3C7)F5BB579CBB5AD57
82E5DDA653D57AB745E5E75E79F27BA79C382242C3578278AD2757ECEA6627
E29258579575442742A3C74DAD27656CE2AD274F7F378249C7827E5D579CBB5ADC757
54D2DC782E5DDA653D578AB745E5E
1 3BBE*56*3BBE
1 234256578274DA2C3279C33544572376C8C7AE2D5D29C72376C8C7DAB579573C37
5424D57F3A75EAE92A7DEA74DA2C3275E7BA754D2C357572B79C3DECBBC785BBA7
E5D57C3F3A7FA7232AE576544A27579C382285E57E24CE45742A7AE8+AE57
9574CD+AE5
1 C3274DA2C357855754D2E572B79C3DECBBC785B27A9954427ABB57ECE257E24CE457
8523538C79C4A79C382285E57579C379272376C8C78A7ECD55E4278A7
553DFAB2723DEF42C32
44BF52
1A 8N 44BF52 1A 8E
4F36F52
4F36F52
'8%8CBBFF2E468B8BF4F528C82C27B8D4F46822556
-EB4F45683BE87286CCBFF46CB8D4F42/
6B)
60Q
6F28F52484BC6)
48FBC54)
C99CEE57E5824CEE57F3A723EA4DEFDDFEA72429A
85B274DEF653D275E7DEA45E2E5727453AB27DEA7279C6F329A3D2
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
BE86C42EB8' I?
'8%8CBBFF2E4682BEB863B5BC#B874C&4F54B86C4
-EB4F45683BE87285E2F4FF46CB/
,25)882C8B2E8O6
5886C$58CBEF52C
BE52BC5BQ
,258O6$EB8F2O4C&8Q
48234F4)
C99CEE579C39CE8AE578527ECDC9CBB27827DEA462442C35
85BB57E5CB575E723D5EE5DAE5727453AB27"A7A44C7B25BBC#
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
BE86C42EB8' IE
'8%8CBBFF2E4682BEB863B5BC#B8486C5BC5686C48
-EB4F45683BE87286C42#46CB/
3EB&6)))8C6C8F3BEBE248B
36FF426832E72EB BCB5864C42683EBQ
548234F2868B854842
485E2F4FF46CB8254) 276F28278E4&2E68)Q
C99CEE579C39CE8AE57F37ECDC9CBBC7AB29AD2C
85BB57E5CB575E723D5EE5DAE5727453AB27"A87ABDC7B25BBC#
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
!486C42Q
6F283BCF48B483E67B4 E45BC&68B8M8F2E9
2552748481I) D6C2BC527B8CB78D5E6
!B87B8F67#46C48265525B83BE8F64FD2EB87B85EB8
3EB6C4#46C48F6C68BDD44BC5487286C42#46CB8F48
EB274##2857458BFFB8C6C8D6FFBE6834J8CBBFF2E4B8
-35E2F32EBC#248B483E65667748B8B77$4CDE2F5E55E2/
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
A$2E45B55E28B78F4F5B2
6C5BC568B772
6C42#46CB
F6556F4F5B281 3E65667748
F4F5B283BE8728
&BF546CB8B7728
6C42#46CB
233742544
F6556F4F5B28; 3E6566774848
5E2F4FF46CB
F6556F4F5B288 4CDE2F5E55EB8
D4F4B
6F528B7B55E6C42 16342848D47BF
4786C5BC568B7728
A6&4C8EB656 @6E78@4B8@B
6C42#46CB8'
3E6566776823374254658 C
A
74B7768233742546 !7I F
3E65667748485E2F4FF46CB5 1I
74B7768485E2F4FF46CB
4CDE2F5E55E285B7B25425
74B7768486CCBFF46CB8D4F42
I32D7827DEA462442C3578AD27A7B25BBC7E5453DA2C35
$E5453DA2C35 $E5453DA2C35
I32D7827DEA462442C3578AD27A7B25BBC745442C35
25442C35 25442C35
I32D7827DEA462442C3578AD27A7B25BBC7DEA4CEDC
6EA4CEDC 6EA4CEDC
,262D5785BBA74CDDCE5D5782723D5E9C335442C35
1 78FBFF6848BF5282E45B55E28F48BB8277B8FB&BC548
E2&46C45
1 &74DADA7587&7F35995BB53D572ADDACE6A75E7BA7E5AB2A2C357827
AB29A2C3279B253D445E5E72DD424748587BDD44BC548237AED29CBAE57
35BBA62DC7827E5D275CEA295
1 A75E6544C78A74F2DC78279C382285E5723CE6A2C327DEA7CEA32A2C327
825E45
1 &74DADC726B5653DADC735BBA7EA37AED578527424D5627C5EAD227587&74DADC7
4FCEDADC78A74F2DC78A27EC8FDDCE27827E285757ECFD5E
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
1I584C4E4##2BC56
1 !B28484C4E4##2BC568&BCBE27B8F8B874B774582382E2C7
$7N7CEDA76%$
1 C4E4##68
1 2382E2C7A44C92ADC7A7C3279AB9CBADCE579CBB5ADC7A7F3A74CDDCE5D5
1 427DEADDA7827F372382E2C7C5BECB58BCAB57F329C7FD2B2ADC78A7 $75E7
B234DEA8A653DC757BA79C3453A78527A995DD2
1 6E5281
1 2382E2C7F329C7ABB23D5E3C785BBC4D7957238228FA7F37EC9544C7ADD2C7
4FBBC4D
1 FD2B2ADC78A76%$75E79C3453AE57278AD27AB7EC9544C72F4DC
1 6%$7A2F357ABDE5723CE6A2C3278279C3DECBBC@45E22C
1 2B7CBE68$6E4CB835BBA745)F53A7E2CE823AE57276544A278CC72B7BCEC7AEE2C7A7
854D23A2C35
1 6448486C5E67768B77286EEB55B##28D5479575E65DDC3C7AB7
854D23ADAE2C78275E229AE57BA4453A78275EECE2
1 !
-7T -7T
-7S -7S
C548482BFF68278
FBE4#468-36E5B/
%C335442C357BC29A76%$
,25BBC76%$ ,25BBC76%$
$ECDC9CBBC7827A99544C7 $ECDC9CBBC7827A99544C7
ABBA7E5D579 ABBA7E5D57>
C4E4##68B783C56848
,25BBC7 $
677B&2BC56827728F6556EB5B
$ECDC9CBBC7827A99544C7
ABBA7E5D5
5 4 !BEBE
174BC5
3
6
5BC5B
1 C4EB,277
1 25E22723D5EAD273527ECFD5E7C7824C42D22785829AD2
1 A9538C7F4C78272*7824C42D227827)F54DC7D2C7427FA79E5AE57F3787A8761
A2F767ABB23D5E3C785B7)FAB57&7AEA3D2DA7BA4453A782723D5E5E5357
54D5E35
1 F372E5+ABB73C37CDE7ECD55E57529A95653D57F37424D56A74575424D57
F3A72A7ABD5E3AD2A7827A99544C7AB7424D56A
$B48%&83B84E42B
E8BE27B8484E5BD46EB8
4EF25552822B 27836CB6B8CB8
86E683E5484845284B48B8C637BBE524877685B6845B2
E23374C2D46EB8BE8C654528 B8FED46E2E5B!""83#8BBB82528
3BC4EBE684E87228428277B8367B254CB84EF2555274
B4874B7748655652E54
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
A62E4DD2D46EB8FED46E27B
48E23374C2D46EB84EF6254C2
655645B28484E5BF2CC428C6E875BE5B8812345678349AB391A1BCDEF1
C432378A86D75EAF3491CDBDBA11DACABF11DABC1F11B1
DEF1FCF1ACDF1DAF1C1B1FB1F11FFCBF1DAF1
A11B1FFFDACF1F1ABB1
655645B2848764C2823374C25428812673225ED6B5EAF3491
DEF1FFCB11FDD1BA11BCABACF1
F1B1DEF1DBBFBCA1BDBACF8
655645B2848B546EB8B4825488A8A5EAF3491DEF11
ADDB1FABCBACF1F1B91F1C1BDABF1FB1
AA1FABACF1F1F1AA1FFFCA1FDFCF1
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
'2E4DD2D46EB8FED46E27B8B77B823374C2D46E4(
87BB3468B4845B4848B7262D46EB8485B54
4E5BF2CC428C6E875BE5B1
CFF91FC91DACF91
764C2823374C25421CAC1F1ABBF1
DBBF91FFBF1DFDEF1F1AAC91
DACABF1AABB1F1FA9118
B546EB8B482541CAC1F1B1FACF1
8BFB1F1FABACF1F11F1B91
F1ACB91F1A11F91
8483#83B8BB3468
C242B8)8BED28
64F4C2B8A*8B8+,
8C6B8EB78C268B7728
76C274DD2D46EB8B77B8
23374C2D46E4
1 2E27448B83BC4F4C28B48B14454
1 36B552D46EB
1 473368B85B58B7723374C2D46EB86F52B
1 472C468 B3762BE5"
1 2E5BED46EB
*E27448B48B14454 8 -3BC4F4C28B48
B14454 8
-3BC4F4C2848
$6B552D46EB 8 36B556 8
36748
-473368B85B58E450 8 4733254 8
$665568
)E5B2D46EB8B85B5845B2 8 F4E27B8
-584E8
4472C46 8 FED46EB 8
32E5BED46EB 8
,B5B4E2D46EB864B55448
4B446EB84752548B8
275BE254B84EC674
342E4F4C2D46EB845B2D46EB8
B7782?B8682"
CCB42
1'-@)
82752D46EB8275BE254B8
4BE54F4C2D46EB84C48473368
-473368B8B4F4C28B78366556
365654348686B774
<78-8)A$$' =78*:*A)-)84)-1>)
1 >28478C63456848B54B874E5B2D46EB8B78
36228C6E875BE5B(
DACFCF1BFCF11FDDBF11C1B1ABB
FDF1BFCF11A1F1ABB
F1CAF91ACDF1CABAC1A1BA11FFDACF1F1
ABB
1 *8C228B774E43BEBED28FED46E27B8528
655645B487B85BB8C2255B454CB83B8A*8B8+,8
366E68BBB8655BE5B8C6E8)84BB8
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
)78655645B28)8A8E8BB346
A*( C6E52B8478EB68E848675B8CB8E8C2255BB8B8.83BBE5B84E8E2854E282C8
E1B84E35DB82C86535DE
37B78BDEB82DE;87BB346848E8362281 8ED="
)8 63D46EB8&"(
4E5BF2CC4282874EB2848C62E68 12334567895A"8C6E8627450825C
FB5683622863B28BC6E68728764C2(
&7 75BE5B83BC4F4C285554848322B548484E358B8B55B84E8BBCD46EB8478
3622
=7 478362284BEB8BB456
<7 47847525683665568EB77BBCD46EB84BEB83BBE525682775BE5B8C6B865358
B783622
67 7BBCD46EB85B4E2
FB5683622863B28BC6E68728764C2(
&7 75BE5B8B55B84E8BBCD46EB84783622
=7 47836228255428E28B46EB862EBG4365B83B8655BEBB82775BE5B848
322B548484E35
<7 4BEB8BB4528728325B8B7836228CB863B2848322B548484E3583B8
655BEBB8478475256
67 47847525683665568EB77BBCD46EB84BEB83BBE525682775BE5B8C6B865358
B783622
H7 7BBCD46EB85B4E2
FB5683622863B28BC6E68728764C2(
&7 75BE5B8B55B84E8BBCD46EB84783622
=7 47836228255428E4E5BF2CC4285BE5B84E5B255428E6E8627B8B848B55B84E8C6E4D46EB8
482C6756
<7 F4E6828CB875BE5B8E6E8B7BD46E28478372E5B83B85B4E2B87BBCD46EB8B783622(
B FCF1FF11BBF11C
! FCF1FFACB11BCF1DEF1FF1C1FFDACF1B1BF1F1ABB1DEF1AFB11
BBF11C1F1AFCFF11BA
D 1BA1AAA1"FCF1FFCBA1BFCF
67 7BBCD46EB85B4E2
1 >28478C6345684862E4DD2B8482548B5454827723374C2D46EB84E8
3254C672B8B72542BE5B8277287668B64DD2D46EB8B82787668
B3B4BE568BFF4C4BE5B
1 *8C228B774E43BEBED28FED46E27B8528655645B487B85BB8
C2255B454CB83B8)8B8A*8366E68BBB8655BE5B8C6E8+,84B4
1 $B8BB3468E285434C2823374C2D46EB848B7262D46EB8485B548B55B828
4364D46EB84B48F6254848F47B83B8B64DD2B8485B54
1 )78655645B28+,84BE528C454C6812E685BE548CB82E6823374C2D46E48
4BB86746E68C24248B48254
483624848*8B8I826552E68F6254848F47B8
F4756
E6E8C63254474828436E6E6848F4754848
=7 +, +,
B3652D46EB8BJ684843652D46EB(8*83#8
F4756
B3652B84785B568EB78F62568B7836228
* I
48I8633B8I83#843652B84785B568278
F62568B783622848*
483624848*8B8I826552E68E685B68
<7 +, +, F6256848F47B8B814E4848C63652E68C6B8
B8436EBB6848E685B68655645B28+,(8
* I
E6E8C486E68367B4848C2468B48254
B64DD2D46EB868
52446EB
1 )8B4D4848C63B46EB84825482254882764548 8272EE68BEB27BE5B8
E8233656848C63B46EB84746B8B48B4D48CB8434B2E682764548
828A8CB83B#86E684823374C247450834/8BEB27B8B483447
A286CBE52D46EB87728B2E54C28B87284E5248B482486556362484EC7484E8
E2874B428C65454CB8728C64B55284E5BF2CC428483622D46EB823374C25428
4DD89149257DC2BC43395B795AC41A8*$)"8B772874B428B8.8E1B855568C4#8CB8
478362256B8BB8C6E6CBB83B8365B8434B2B872874B427
AB823374C2D46E48BCBE5486E684EBCB83B68225B8772B7246848
C636EBE548B48284364D46EB828E68525684839668A4CA
1 BDBAC1!BBF11 BDBAC1
DAACFC1 BACB1
DAACFC1
FAF1F1DAACFC1
DAACFC11!BF1F1FB1AFB"A1
EB.BF1
16E8478C6B88E2874EB28E628278BE8)EB4C4848568
CB742687286CB8'B5568B814E48127BE246827728745284274DD2528
EB7728F4EB52848427668CB848.8C6N823B527
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
*3374C2D46E48C6B845B48454454
1 )8655645B4848C48E23374C2D46EB8.8C65454528366E68
44BBB8 B8BBB84E8BBCD46EB"88C27C67256484B48
C6EEB484E8B5B(848327284E85278C2684823374C2D46E48
45445B
1 A2C45B552834/84FF283B8728B274DD2D46EB848
23374C2D46E4845445B8.8C422528C74BE5GBB(
1ABB1DFC91DAC1D1AFB1FCF91CDF11AA1
AAFB123/1BF1B1FA1FCF1ADF1CB14C4B521B1C"BF1
4C4B52
B1F"F1F1AFCF1B1FA1B1FB"B143652
1ABB1F"F91C1FFDACF11C1DBDABAF1BC!F1B1
FF91CDF11AAF1451F167/1DF"FCA1CB14C4B521BB1
4C4B52
FF91FA1B1FB!AB1F1ADF1CB14365291DEF1FC"B1B1FF
43652
1 8*1AB1 881*8/=>1
11111*81F1=>1 F"F1
DFC1 8=1*81=>1
8?1>@1 8>1>@1 ABAF1
8@11BA1
11111A1>@1
&G=7 4786B84CBB87284C4B528BEB25282775BE5B8B87284E425287728
B5BC
<7 4CBBE687284C4B528478BB852474CB8 77282B84863365E48
322B54848C6EF42D46EB8CB84E83254C28BF4E4C6E68127485434848
F47B86E6828C6E4B2B8BB4474"8CB8B283BC4F4C28E6E8E8
6CBE56828E836228B84E8C6EBBED28B55B84E8BBCD46EB8
527B836228B55BE6484E8255B28B784752568B77BBCD46EBC
67 27728C6EC746EB8B772828BBCD46EB84783622836CB8E8
4752568B8768BEB8436E447B8278BB8B8EB7728F62848E8F768
482548 BEB27BE5B8E85B56C8365BB8BBB83B#83B8BB3468
E424EB8C654545284825484E8F625684E246"C
H7 478BB82C144CB8527B8F76848254828B682E5B36EB8E63365E28
4E5B52D46EB8>@@$8B814E484E4284784752568C6B84365282786B8
28C482B284CB5687284C4B52C
O7 4786B84CBB87284365287284E5B3B528B87284274DD283B8
75BE5B78
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
*C45B55B8754G54B8
1 164E2D46EB848B8655645B48C74BE5GBB(
1!A.F1AFB1DAF1DFC1"FA11F"F1.F!91C"BCA1CB1DEFB1F1BFBCA1
B1FA1CB1AB/
1F"F1.F!1BF1FABCFBFCF1C1AA11DFC91C"BCA1CB1DEFB1B1C1
BA1F"F181ABB11!BD(1FC1F1BFCFCA1CB1AB/
CFF1BDEFF1C1F91CABFCF11!BD(1FC1A1DAA1B1C17-&,
1 *C45B5528225288E834EC434686976A8ABEA7F11A9A(
C1DFC1CAC1A1C1BA11"AFF1C1DAA1BDB"A1F1'C11"AF1B1C1
F"F/
F1BF1F"F1CAC1A1C1BA11ABF1B1DEFB1#1B1B1"AB1BAB1C1C1
DFC1F1"AF1B1C1FDACA1F"F
1 -2E52468
DAF+1BDEFBF
1 82E5246
2C3B6AE6A6D731AC1AAFB1A1FBBA1F1"AFF1C1DAA1BDABF1F1
F"F1FBF11AADAA1BDB"A1DAC11AAF1FFB
1 -B8728764C2823374C25428.8C637B28684C4BB83B865448483B52D46E48
E2875B46B8454D46EB8483#8B274DD2B8E2C45B552828125568
6834/"874B7748
1 )782C?8BE8.8B36E247B8B78C24C6823374C25468BE5B8478BB8B8 68
E823374C2546E8BB"8F2828F6E58BE
1 A283BBED2848E8B56B848C636EBE5484544548C6EBE5B8728
C637B528BEB274DD2D46EB8481B5282C45B552(
'BCA1DA1C1DAACFCF1DEF1FBB1CB1CACF1BDB"B1DEFB911
!BD(1FC1#1DEBBF1BF1DAACFCF1C"FDF11FFCBF1CA"BFCF1
B1FB1CACF
DAC1'FA1BADDA11!BD(1FC1"FCB1A1FCA1DEF1DAACB1
CF"FCA11C1CFF11DAACFC1C1"B1FB1CB+1BDB"B1
DEFB181BB11123D25A54CA769C9F920
:B78C26848B84783656C6776823374C25468CB83BC4F4C28478F62568
B774E5B52D46EB8428B77284C4B528B786B8428B7728436528B78BB8
B8.8DAC A!7 C45AC7"C221288 >@@$"
$B8BB346872843652(
2CFBACF1B::;91DAC1CABAC11
571%%23
*FA4FA4"B8ACDC52*5+7% F"F1.F!1DEF1EB1AAA1B1AB1F1
8C2F2263F42F253B 1F1FA
8C2F2F!214$
4CFB1!BCDB1FBBAF1B1
*92B2922B CFBACF1F1DAA1F1FBA
$AA1F1FBA1DACFCA1F1F1
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed FA
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
)78367B28B774BE54F4C2D46EB8B77B846B
$B8365B82CCBBB8248B4D4823374C25448B48284364D46EB8248BB87728
B5B8B8CB2B814E48E23374C2D46EB84544528.8EBCB2468CB86EE6848
52748B4D4847548E46C2BE5B84BE54F4C247B828325B8B48C74BE5
:B78C26848)E5BEB5848.852E24DD2568E681EA347F592C3A7697
96A59914925A74DD8914948CB8C6EBE5B8482BE2B8E8B566848
2CCB68B8E84E44DD68C422548C6E4E52BE5B8592C37#A2FC1A7$2142C8
4A"8286E4846283BBE5B87728B5B
)E8BEB27B8E84A828728F62(
3AC2C8CC4551CD243CA2E5ABDCAD
$B8BB346(
1223455DFA4FA7BD22F87B987B247%5-B-58F-ABC712'
AADAA1
BDB"A1BABA AB1:$;11D1A1
CA1F1F"F1 C1FFDACF11 CAF1DAFA1
.F!1B1D1A1C"BB1 F"F1.F! F1F1DEFA
B1DEFB
F"F1 DFC1
;H;=1
FCB1 FB1
FCBBA1
1 478455BE5B863B28C6E8E8C74BE58 ;6286834C66F58'5766?"8B84E428478B2468
27868BB84EC24C2568B77283B4D46EBC84783656C6776823374C25468434B25684E8
1B528F2B8.893D8A74987 C45AC7"C221287 ""C
1 478BB8B78455BE5B84E428478B2468278BB8CB82E54BEB87282476B8B78
B54E2524682EC628B42E5B8 "C8478BB8B78B54E252468C6EB28478
B2468EB77282476BC
1 478B54E2524682CCBB827728282476B8B86554BEB8478B24684E8B28C6E5BE56C8
483656C6774823374C25448434B25484E81B528F2B86E68275BE2542BE5B8 "28
%91A7"C221288 "%""8633B8&5AC5A7A4BA7'11A7"C221288 &'""7
1 'FA5914925A76A8739A5A
1 &5ABC9)76A873A4BB92
1 ,25-CADF694925
142B
142B P& 4B5B8)E4C2 P=
3B2468
14F2 14F256
; 3P&" 1 1 , 1P=" 3
)E56 ,BC4F2
*5546 3
3B2468 3B2468
4E8C426 4E8C426
3
$246
3455BE5B ,B54E25246
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
145562F428-4B54C2
1 )8B248BE6E68C4F2548B8BC4F2548C6E87285B28
C42B8 C46.8P&DP="7
1 @55B87B832548C64E675B8EB772852E2D46EB8B6E68
C6E6CBB8728C42B(
,F"F1C1DBCBF1DA1F1B1!ACF1FB1DEB"F91B1
F1DA1C1DBCBF1DA1FDEI1CAC1BA1FFJ
$AC1'BF1F'FCB11F"F1DB!BF1B1DEB"FJ
1 ,;-8 ,445278;EC23546E8-52E2"
142B8$74C2
F'31':-(%D9A3I J843>6IA921"B7HFG>BA@JHE!5C:E
9AE8(%2I1'1(!@ 3AD#*1F4AAH:>?BB2'9CF469>%27D@H
2 'C3C+F!CE;ED21@5593B11CJD2219 3>66B+$6%"'35BC
-E"42'3F+392??B7?C,6?5G"1J6(3E1D7-27.FEC3:H+2%'HEF55.
:J$6 5$@?45,+5@9+1D H9JE7(J3124 (32D95;HF92B7CCDBI
9.5J27317!1 1E95@CB"$5:,?F6 ,!D*!4'-$5FCB 96J,55+B85
95!F($FC-99B,B#!.3D1-2$G5FAH!1*8$A"+$%F4!"F(J?1191G2(6E
-,G99,+9(6 79:4('B9('G (96+3->;I BE B J1?!BE C@C
E6"E F 3E?E5>@$;F5# 3E3(6E92.'1F3D36BA76E5F?.
#6?I7+H@57386'61+ !%2B5 FE:A856!E8D3;DE76ECC:"?
2C17,;+*#!!1!:D";9G :57(8;'A5-"FFIC 6>4,E3BG*1%>$G:5
@F*#%GJ-42'FBEH.5(B9-5B57!7:"25"'5E+951?ED8D2.(C1!
3E;A64%9 ,E4GJG,+I17%!2I@HH81#.D2 BG7B8"85BD2J4(#6*
5E,B.JA2:J81-2."%5E6E:%2J?1D@J"188D5##1D* .5*E8,1D>
8!3EA3#F3CA% 3'6I%6!GFD?-FC8581I*6FIADACA>:FH6E#D !
"##96$;:HAC3,3#H+CA+##($C1 B3?HC%FC1'>!H4B$%
E-EJB.GEF-C?!E4C9F33.F47A6EHAE1E6'(CC8!F>@8$6#2-
5(?I9"*2E@"588@ 3:6FJ(F@8*3:3:1186:!IGD'I+-9F1-I*1
G@+24E3(?EAG1;+'BE5(64!.2I8B? B+ 2D+A EB$D8C+235
:8C36; 8'>DB4B5:8F16-; 6I82IE'?$CEII;8I581EDEHAG'2
>:-?+A2D132B$.+EAB#,B!BI 6E 6B J1?!BE C@C E!HDF56G622
B*;!E5G(%A%#.1*2DJ!7%82* %?EC!63*D@E7@>-14.@DH,I69
K#4.
.>8E3982E3
142B
142B P$, 4B5B8)E4C2 P-,
3B2468
14F2 14F256
; 3P$," 1 1 , 1P-," 3
)E56 ,BC4F2
8P$38A8P$,
3B2468 *5546 3
.84E82684836B8E8 3B2468
4E8C426 B2468F276 4E8C426
3
$246
3455BE5B E6E8.84E826848
BC4F2B8478B246
,B54E25246
P-38A8P$3 P$,8A8P-,
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
)E5B450
142B
142B P-3 4B5B8)E4C2 P$3
3B2468
14F2 14F256
; 3P-3" 1 1 , 1P$3" 3
)E56 ,BC4F2
8P$38A8P$,
*5546 3
3B2468 3B2468
E6E83#836B8E8
4E8C426 B2468F276 4E8C426
3
$246
3455BE5B .84E826848BC4F2B8478 ,B54E25246
B2468 28P$3"
P-38A8P$3 P$,8A8P-,
Introduzione ai sistemi informatici 4/ed
Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies srl
Donatella Sciuto, Giacomo Buonanno, Luca Mari
16EF4BED4274508Q8)E5B450 J&
142B P-,
142B P-3 RP$, 4B5B8)E4C2
RP$3
3B2468
14F2 14F256 ,BC4F2
; 3P-3" 1 1= , 1=P-," 1
; 1P$," 1= )E56 , 1P$3" 3
8P$38A8P$,
*5546 3
3B2468 3B2468
E6E83#836B8E8
4E8C426 B2468 E6E828P-383B8 4E8C426
3 322B82838281"
$246
3455BE5B E6E83#8BC4F2B8478 ,B54E25246
B2468 E6E828P-,8
P-38A8P$3 3B8322B8281=8281" P$,8A8P-,
3B2468 3B2468
4E8C426 3B2468%4256 4E8C426
3 3R- 3
>2
>2
> 3" 3, > 3" 3,
14F2 16EF6E52
; 3,P-3" -
3455BE5B , -P$3" 3,
P-38A8P$3 ,BC4F2