TABLE 1.1.

1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS IDENTIFICATION

NAME COLOUR STREAK LUSTER HARDNESS REACTION WITH ACID SKETCH

Microcline Light brown White Dull 6 Negative reaction with

(Orthoclase) Hydrochloric acid

Garnet Moderate brown White Submetallic 7 Negative reaction with

Hydrochloric acid

Plagioclase
Feldspar Greenish black White Submetallic 6 Negative reaction with
(Labradorite) Hydrochloric acid

Copper ore Grayish olive

(Chalcopyrite) green Greenish black Metallic 4 Positive reaction with
Hydrochloric acid

Moderate orange
Gypsum pink White Dull 2 Positive reaction with
Hydrochloric acid
 TABLE 1.2.1 IDENTIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCK

MINERAL CHEMICAL
ROCK NAME TEXTURE COLOUR ORIGIN SKETCH
COMPOSITION COMPOSITION
Aphanitic, even Light, Quartz, >65% SiO3, Volcanic
or Porphyritic <25% Dark Hornblende, Acidic
minerals Orthoclase,
Obsidian Plagioclase,
Biotite, Muscovite

Aphanitic, Light, Quartz, >65% SiO3, Volcanic

Porphyritic <25% Dark Hornblende, Acidic
minerals Orthoclase,
Rhyolite Plagioclase,
Biotite, Muscovite

Medium to 25-50% Dark Quartz, 55-65% SiO3 Plutonic

Coarse, minerals Hornblende, Intermediate
Hornblende Phaneric Orthoclase,
Syenite Plagioclase,
Biotite,
Magnetite &
Ilmenite
Medium to Dark minerals Hornblende, 45-55% SiO3 Plutonic
Coarse, precominant Plagioclase, Basic
Gabbro Phaneric Magnetite &
Ilmenite, Augite,
oblivine

Volcanic
Plagioclase
Aphanitic, even Feldspar
Dark minerals Basic
Basalt or porphyritic Olivine
precominant 45% - 55%
Augite
IGNEOUS IDENTIFICATION CHART
 TABLE 1.3.1 IDENTIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK

COMPOSITION
ROCK NAME TEXTURE MODE OF ORIGIN CLASSIFICATION SKETCH
OF ROCK

Coarse ( > 2 mm ) Hydrogenic,

Chert Medium ( 1/16 to 2 biochemical, or Siliceous Crystalline
mm ) chemically altered
Fine < 1/16 mm

Grains – Quartz and

Conglomerate Coarse – grained Mechanical or feldspar Clastic
( > 2 mm ) bioclassic Matrix – Clayey, silty,
sandy, ferruginous

Grains – Quartz
Red Medium – grained Mechanical or Matrix – Clayey, silty, Clastic
sandstone 1/16 – 2 mm bioclassic sandy, ferruiginous
Cement – Siliceous,
ferruginous, calcareous

Coarse ( > 2 mm ) Hydrogenic,

Shell Medium ( 1/16 to 2 biochemical, or Calcereous May be
limestone mm ) chemically altered Clastic/Crystalline
Fine < 1/16 mm

Grains – Quartz and

Argillaceous Medium – grained Mechanical or feldspar Clastic
sandstone 1/16 – 2 mm bioclassic Matrix – Clayey, silty,
sandy, ferruginous
SENDIMENTARY IDENTIFICATION CHART
 TABLE 1.2.4 IDENTIFICATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCK
MINERAL METAMORPHISM
ROCK NAME STRUCTURE GRAIN PARENT ROCK SKETCH
COMPOSITION TYPE

Granitic Medium to Quartz , feldspar, Granite, arkose,

Gneissic Regional
Gneiss course minor ferromagnesians conglomerate

Medium to Micas, quartz , Shale, mudstone Increasing

Mica- schist Schistose
course feldspar or tuff regional

Medium to Quartz greatly

Quartzite Granulose Quartz, sandstone Regional
course predominant

Cataclastic Clay minerals, detrital Shale, mudstone,

Slate Very fine Dynamic
(cleaved) micas, chlorite tuft

Medium to Calcite or dolomite Contact or

White Marble Granulose Limestone
course greatly dominant regional
METAMORPHIC IDENTIFICATION CHART