Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
GLOBAL SCENARIO
SUBMITTED TO
RAJARAM SHINDE COLLEGE OF M.B.A
PEDHAMBE, CHIPLUN
Apart from the efforts by me, the success of any project depends largely on
(Professor, MES) .I can‘t say thank you enough for his tremendous support
and help. Without his encouragement and guidance this project would not
have materialized.
The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed
and who are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the
1
PREFACE
at lower cost, wider choice and saves time. The general category of e-
travel, entertainment, and groceries are all likely to grow. Forces influencing
It has an impact over the economy of many countries among which India is
on the top of that list. It has named as new gold rush in e-commerce. E-
commerce has many reasons that why it is very crucial in developing the
country. For the study we have taken several parts of the world such as
North America, Latin America, Europe, Middle-East, Africa and South Asia,
society and that‘s the reason it’s essential for the B2B and B2C commerce.
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SCOPE OF STUDY
This study being ―desk analysis" contains views of various writers and
several more topics being covered under the project analysis. The use of e-
commerce in various countries and their influence over the people or citizens
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
seller without traveling to the seller‘s country. While this could be done in
the past by post, telegram, phone, or fax, such sales were relatively rare
tomake contact and what to buy. The Interne t al lows sellers to put their stor
consumers and small enterprises that must not be squandered. But for all the
to be worked out, any one of which can threaten the viability of this nascent
form of trade. All of the Internet issues being debated in the United States —
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consumer protect ion, data privacy, taxation, content regulation,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement
Preface
Objectives
Executive summary
I. Introduction of the topic
Research methodology
E-commerce in India
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o Internet Adoption.
o Payment phase
o Delivery phase.
Reference
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CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
E-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospects and
established customers(for example, with newsletters)
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The security of business transactions
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There are so many factors which make e-commerce to come to the fore front
in today's world. Saving precious time involved in business transactions is
really a prominent factor. Like for instance, net banking makes it easy to
carry out money and baking transactions in a break neck speed as compared
to the real banking scenario. This asserts the fact that Ecommerce is
beneficial to both business and consumer wise as payment and
documentations can be completed with greater efficiency and reliability.
Another important factor determining the flow of whole business is
connectivity. Connectivity is very important for both consumers and
business. Ecommerce provides better connectivity for all the potential
candidates all over the globe, thus helping in enhancing the business without
any geographical barriers. From the view point of the customer, Ecommerce
is a good platform for hassle free shopping by sitting in your home. The
customer can browse through all the products and services available and can
review and compare the prices of the similar products available in the online
space.
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Research Methodology
Sources of Data
For having the detailed study about this topic, it is necessary to have some of
the secondary information, which is collected from the following:-Books,
Websites and Newspapers. So in this basically
Secondary data is used in collecting the information. The sources of data
are:
Websites:
Wikipedia
Wikinvest
India-commerce
Newspapers:
Hindustan Times
Type of Study
The research design or type of study specifies the methods and procedures
for conducting a particular study. The type of research design applied here
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about the ecommerce in global Scenario. Descriptive study means situation,
but
notthe causal linkages among its different elements. Descriptive studies (suc
h asa cross
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CHAPTER-II
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
As social media, app stores and global availability become standard; many
while retail and other transactions via Internet are customary, more than ever
companies are simplifying the ways in which customers interact with their
website and ultimately make online purchases. Here are eight trends
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happening right now in global e-commerce that seek to enhance the user
experience:
Micro-payments
Among the most revolutionary changes in the coming months not years is
PayPal, Visa, Western Union, among others, including banks. This trend
is facilitated by the W3C working group that approved these protocols and
technical standards for the interworking. These systems will change not only
buy online, coupled with mobile will accelerate the usage of global e-
commerce applications.
Mobile technologies
More people access the Internet on their mobile devices than on any other
device. We are rapidly approaching the time (if we are not already there)
where designs must be created for the mobile Web first, and for the desktop
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snap a bar code in Wal-Mart and quickly reference product reviews and
especially with the advent of micro-payments tied to the mobile device. Just
recently, Starbucks customers can not only place an order with their
Social media
As Facebook has become the most visited site on the Web, the role of social
entry to e-commerce sites, and vice versa, as e-commerce sites build rating,
loyalty and referral systems tied to social media. Group buying (e.g., Group
on) is also gaining mainstream ground, with many “deal of the day" sites
Fulfillment options
I believe that users will want to have multiple fulfillments and return options
return to store, etc. Having many fulfillment options is how customers view
(e.g., Zippos).
Global availability
sites and have them delivered locally. Thus, currency and customs will
will be concerns with local privacy laws and restrictions on related data
Localization
User Centrica’s research clearly shows that sites that feel ‘local with proper
Customizability
Consumers want control, and want to be able to design the details of the
Time-based availability
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Some of the hottest and most successful sites are those that have a time-
critical response component. Sites like Group on, Gilt and others capitalize
Business models across the world also continue to change drastically with
the advent of ecommerce and this change is not just restricted to USA. Other
the United Kingdom has the biggest e-commerce market in the world when
measured by the amount spent per capita, even higher than the
expand. With 384million internet users, China's online shopping sales rose
to $36.6 billion in 2009 and one of the reasons behind the huge growth has
been the improved trust level for shoppers. The Chinese retailers have been
is also expanding across the Middle East. Having recorded the world‘s
fastest growth in internet usage between 2000 and 2009, the region is now
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home to more than 60 million internet users. Retail, travel and gaming are
the region‘s top ecommerce segments, in spite of difficulties such as the lack
Asia Pacific
Chinese and Korean online consumers are the most prolific online shoppers
the Asia Pacific region with 95 percent of Internet users intending to make a
web purchase in the next six months. Conversely, over one fourth of online
consumers In Hong Kong (27%) and Thailand (26%) and one fifth of
residents in
Japan. New Zealand, Indonesia and Australia do not plan an online purchase
m the upcoming months. Koreans who shop online are most likely to buy
the next six months. While connected Chinese also favor books and clothes.
Malaysians like online shopping for booking travel, with airline tickets and
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other in the region. And one fifth of online Indian shoppers plan to buy non-
downloadable music.
country with Chinese and Korean online consumers allocating the most via
the web than any other in the region. Online consumers in New Zealand.
Europe
consumers plan to purchase products or services via the Internet in the next
six months. Online consumers in Norway and Great Britain show the
near future. More online residents of Estonia & Croatia and Latvia indicate
they would not be making any online purchases in the next six months than
More than half of online Austrians who shop via the web plan to buy books,
while online Germans and Czechs intend to turn to the Internet for clothing
and shoes more than any other online shoppers in the region .Future online
one third of online Brits plan to purchase DVDs and games online. While
electronic equipment more than any other item and are the least likely in the
North America
Half of online Americans favor sites for stores that can only be shopped
online and the majority of Canadian web shoppers are split between a
preference for online-only sites (31%) and those that have traditional
physical stores (19%) the list of products and services that are favored by
and airline tickets are the items most likely tagged for online purchase in the
next six months. One-third of online Canadians say they don‘t plan on
making an online purchase in the next six months, which is more than the
online Canadian consumers indicate that they have never shopped online
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When selecting the top three sources to guide decisions, online product
web shoppers. Online reviews are most important when buying consumer
electronics, cars and software and when researching cars. Electronics and
travel.
Latin America
Connected Brazilians are the most prolific online shoppers in the region with
84 percent planning to make an online purchase in the next six months. The
items that top the list are books, electronic equipment. Computer hardware
and DVD5/games. Conversely, online Colombians are the least likely shop
online in the near future 36 percent indicate they have no plans to shop
virally in the next six months and more than one-fifth indicate they have
Electronic equipment tops the list for planned online purchases for 34
computer hardware (21%). Surprisingly, a book which typically tops the list
for most online shoppers was favored by only 18 percent of online shoppers
in this country.
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Online purchase intent in Mexico is evenly divided among the top eight
shopping online.
Pakistan region. Almost half (47%) of online consumers indicate they have
never made an online purchase the highest percent of any other region in the
world. Of those connected consumers who have online access, one-third say
The most popular products and services for planned online purchase across
the M EAP region are books (29%), airline tickets/reservations (24%) and
planned online picks for South Africans are event tickets (33%) and non-
intend to book travel (27%) and buy clothing (25%). Web-savvy Pakistanis
will look online to buy computer hardware (25%) and clothing (18%),
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although they also lead the region saying they do not plan on making an
purchasing online,, but Saudis are most likely to use such sites to help make
not more likely to share a negative rather than a positive experience online,
Egyptians and Saudis are more likely than any other in the region. Online
reviews and opinions were most Important when buying and researching
E-commerce in India
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out
Bahl has 20 million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because
Snap deal is itself a startup-but a rich on. It has raised Rs.52 million from
ventures funds.
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Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year
about firms’ shopping for others. Industry trackers say leading sites are
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players,
the smaller ones often prefer to cash out than be crushed in lonely pursuits in
At stake is a huge market will grow potential because India has 900 million
mobile phones, with a big chunk of that growing up from voice talk to
Internet, while the current Web user base at more than 100 million is in itself
a significant number.
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Industry estimates say India‘s e commerce market will zoom from the
current Rs.51000 crore toRs.10, 20,000 crore in revenues by 2020. The race
At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you
do not survive only through discounts. This only creates a disloyal discount
shopper who moves from one site to another in search of the cheaper deal, ‖
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to build brand
products. Flipkart.com started out with books, added cameras and mobile
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There is no room for newer players in the general category but there is space
for niche category players,‖ he said. This has been observed by Prashanth
capitalists say they more than doubled the funding level in e-commerce over
the past year, and the average size of investment has ranged from Rs.20 to
40 million.
only delay your death. The only key to survive is to have a credible
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing.
―As the e commerce companies grow and get brand loyalty the valuations
are expected to increase even further. It will be the time when we can
offload our stake, for hefty profits,‖ a venture capitalist with significant stake
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Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the ―dotcom
bubble‖ and comparing the current e-commerce rush to that may not be
Bestylish.com.
There are a lot of guys in this business who don‘t have a retail background.
They are form either consulting or technology. So one should ask if they are
dimensions.
margins.
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Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit
product/service differentiation.
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State of Play
The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions
20North.com:
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This website offers variety of products like electronics, books, music,
movies, and car accessories. The site also offers lucrative deals. Log onto the
99labels.com:
This site offers many fashion and luxury brands at good prices. Check this
Dealsandyou.com:
This site offers various kinds of deals be it holidays, shirts etc. Also this
site gives heavy discounts on regular basis that cab be profitable for the
Fashionandyou.com:
This site also is a great place to shop and that too sitting at home. Also this
site declares sale and heavy discounts almost every day. Sign Up today to
Flipkart :
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This site offers various kinds of products and that too at one place. Mobile,
its accessories, books, camera and laptop accessories. And many more things
are available on this site. One can find deals for home appliances also that
Indiangiftsportal:
This is known for providing gifts for various occasions like birthdays,
anniversary, wedding, bhai dooj, Diwali and many more .Also flowers,
cakes, chocolates and many more things are offered by this site. Browse it
MagazineMall:
This company specifically deals in magazines and one can get magazines of
Bindaasbargain:
Here new deal comes every day at 10 am and it is India's first One Deal a
Day online shoppingsite.Check out the site for new deal. Happy Shopping
Buytheprice.com:
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The site offers Mobiles, Computers, Cameras, Home Appliances, Life style,
Audio and Video and much more. Varieties of products are available under
each category.
Perfume2order:
It has categories like Perfumes for Men, Perfumes for Women, Deodorants
& Deo Stick, Perfume Gift Set, Designer Wallet & Belts, Flowers, Handbags
boon for global sourcing and import and export. The boost to global
online marketing, monitoring supply chain and monetary & data transaction
in a dependable manner.
commerce but sure it made global sourcing easier to monitor with its
trade is easier conducted electronically. Here are the points why present
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Global sourcing agents/companies can evaluate/list import/export
vendor Online.
export transaction
the work culture around the globe with China playing a lead role in global
export and import of goods to be in the reach of several small and medium
active role in the global sourcing where the business houses are putting in
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deep efforts and reaping the benefits. In this rally of export and import,
negotiations are easier and decisions are quicker due to this boon.
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Driving the import and export business in this global sourcing
scenario has opened new frontiers for higher growth. The ease in
supply chain is one of the best advantages that have come from e-
all over the world has been bagged by this country in spite of the
competitive market. Chinese traders have minted fast money and are
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You can say-commerce is secure for both import/export operators as well as
E-commerce has arrived on the global sourcing scene as both import and
export and international trade partners are accepting it. Despite its growing
By the end of 2011, the e-commerce market in India had clocked close to Rs
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Today, even though there are less than 10 million internet users who are
million internet users in India or around 75 million households that are ready
for e-commerce.
coupled with the positive experiences of end consumers when buying online
beyond the metros and big cities are key drivers of the e-commerce boon in
India. Businesses in even the smallest towns and villages are becoming
business for e-commerce product sites came from tier I, tier II and tier III
cities while the eight metros accounted for the remainder 43%. The same
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pattern was visible in the service sites too, with tier I, tier II and tier III cities
India is around US$ 10billion. But with different levels of adoption, the
market has the potential to grow anywhere between US$ 70 billion US$ 150
billion under one scenario and at another level it can grow between US$ 125
E-commerce: The world over globally, the scenario is much the same.
travel sales, will total to $18.7 billion in 2012, a growth of 21.9% over the
previous year. Brazil will account for more than half of the totalB2C e-
commerce sales in Latin America through 2013, thanks in large to its huge
Retail e-commerce itself in the U.S.is predicted to grow at 17% and it will
2010, according to estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. 2011 also saw
the European online market boom despite the floundering euro. Germany‘s
crossing the €20 billion mark for the first time, outstripping traditional mail
2012.
internet users in each of the last four years. It will add the equivalent of
the entire population of Canada as e-shoppers in each of the next four years.
China is projected to rise from 145 million e-shoppers today to 329 million
by 2015.
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Shopping 24x7
open and the need to physically travel to a shop. Online business takes
Since the entire business can be moved online, the need for physical stores
costs drives up the profit margin. The seller can then transfer this benefit to
the customer in the form of discounted pricing which boosts the appeal
of online shopping
Easy to compare:
It is far easier and quicker to compare prices of goods online, equipping the
customer with the information to decide the right price or terms for
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single region. One can explore products across global markets via e
commerce.
Customers can trust the process of going online and purchasing only when
possible only when the online electronic payment provider is reputable and
comply with the security requirements laid out by the Reserve Bank of India
Just as the customer finds them able to venture across geographic markets,
north-eastern cities or even rural villages that are now connected by the
online network.
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Social media trend
through such channels and mobile apps are now available that suggest
their costs of living. The online channel offers a clear value proposition
for both merchants and consumers making it the most sought after and
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Factors influence distribution and forms of global e-commerce
Stage Economic Socio Political Supranationa
and culture legal factors l institutions
infrastructur factors
e related
factors
Internet Per capita Literacy The UNDP
adoption GDP rate and internet’s introduction of
computer democratic the internet in
skill nature many
incompatibl countries
e with
authoritarian
political
Availability of English Structures GATS
telephone and language competition in
computer skill telecom
sectors
Pricing Viewed as Tariff and ITA reducing
structure tool of non-tariff the price of
cultural barriers to ITC products
imperialis ITC
m in some products
Buying/sellin Availability of Intellectual Redress UNCITRAL
g online credit property mechanism model law
protection in case of
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problems in
online
transaction
Advertising Operating Influence Ban on Products can
and searching speed of of language some be advertised
phase computer and and symbol website and searched
used on authorizatio
n
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Modern size Site visited Regimes Globally on
and purchase GTPN of
decision UNCTAD
Payment Penetration Forms of Governments UNCTAD
phase rate of credit payment concern on smart card
cards check , wire the outflow of
transfer , currency
cash on
deliver etc.
Delivery Delivery Products Tariff and Electronic
phase means and stolen some non-tariff delivery free
infrastructure countries barriers of custom
duties in
WTO
member
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Brief Literature Review
In present scenario E-Commerce is playing very essential role in the online
business. Although it’s one of the best & cheapest intermediate for reaching
effectively, it also offers a smart way of doing online business & expanding
to make the most of its reach to potential customers and provide them with a
Business people can spend less money and earn high profits with e-
commerce
Easily we can track the segment of customers who are happy with
locations
newsletters
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Instantly we can develop our business across the internet by using
gateways
Managementetc
been slow to take off as at first consumers had doubts about the security of
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Initial B2C trading focused on music CDs, software and books - items which
were compact and easily shipped and where prices could be slashed once the
retailer's cut was taken out of the margin. The Amazon book store would be
a good example of this. These products pushed the perimeters of the market
Books and CDs are relatively generic products. A CD bought in the US will
have the same music and quality as one bought locally (the exception is the
cover art) and so there is no doubt in the consumers mind exactly what the
product is. This is not the case with clothing, where sizes can confuse the
purchasing decision.
EBay has really transformed purchasing behavior on the web. Many people
have made their first ecommerce transaction on EBay. Many people sell on
ecommerce.
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Interestingly though B2C transactions of previously localized or hard to find
products can be extremely strong. If you have a unique product that is highly
relevant to a niche audience, you are likely to do very well on the web.
Although sales are increasing rapidly on the Internet, the volume of turnover
figures continues to fall short of industry estimates. But as retail web sites
become more navigable and privacy policies are displayed, more people will
forecasts are that B2B revenue will far exceed B2C revenue in the near
future.
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According to studies published in early 2000, the money volume of B2B
exceeds that of B2C by 10 to 1. Over the next five years, B2B is expected to
Payment Gateways
Both PayPal and Playmate offer credit card to bank account payments.
Using one of these services you can invoice a customer, they can pay on
Playmate and the funds will be deposited in your bank account ... less a
transaction fee.
Unlike a credit card merchant facility you will not have ongoing, minimum
monthly fees... and the transaction fee is better than what most card
companies offer small merchants. Additional these services are being backed
into other ecommerce sites and shopping carts. EBay for example uses
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Auction sites such as EBay and Trade Me have done an enormous amount to
get ordinary people involved in online trading. Today many EBay merchants
are establishing their own web sites to avoid EBay and Pay Pal fees. They
have learnt about how to present their product in their EBay store and what
issues are important to their customers in purchasing their product and now
Security
server and client browser. When entering a secure site your browser is
passed a public key by which transactions between you and the web server
On your web site security can be handled two ways - depending on your
budget. You can “piggyback" on someone else's "key" or you can register
and pay for your own key ores certificate at Thwate or Verisign.
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Generally today businesses who host web sites offer access to a secure
server and you can use their server and secure certificate for less than if you
However the person browsing your site will notice the URL change to one
they do not recognize - or trust. This may put your customers off (although
own key would be to have a URL for your secure pages that is consistent
Presently, in Australia, Verisign may sell you a key for over $800 while
foreign ecommerce providers like Instant SSL can sell it for $150. Although
Verisign will argue that their key comes with a range of value add benefits,
the bottom line is the product, i.e. the key, is the same.
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CHAPTER-III
facilities available.
The countries such as India, Brazil, and China etc. which are on the
transactions.
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The Countries such as USA, Australia, Canada, UK etc. are trying to
scenario.
The countries are well aware of its benefits and are becoming more
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REFERENCES
Web
http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/E-commerce-In-Global-
http://usa.usembassy.de/economy-ecommerce.htm(last accessed on
http://archive.unctad.org/templates/webflyer.asp?docid=4253&intItem
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/ECommerce_and_EBusiness/ECommerc
http://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/ecommerce/ip_survey/chap5.html(l
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http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/24/business/e-commerce-report-
sensing-economic-opportunities-many-developing-nations-
http://www.isoc.org/inet99/proceedings/1g/1g_2.htm(last accessed on
http://www.bestindiansites.com/top-companies/e-commerce/ (last
http://www.india-ecommerce.com/ecommerce-web-
Books
Newspapers
Hindustan Times
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