WATER PURIFICATION METHODS

Natural
purification

Purification at
small scale

Purification at
large scale
Natural purification methods

•Aeration
•Oxidation
•Filtration through
layers of soil
•Aquatic animals
•Evaporation
•Flow of water
PURIFICATION AT SMALL SCALE

• DOMESTIC FILTER

• BOILING

• CHEMICAL PROCESS
 1. DOMESTIC FILTER

A. CLOTH FILTER
B. CERAMIC FILTER
INSTUCTIONS TO USE THE FILTER CANDLE
C. ULTRA VIOLET FILTER
 PARTS OF ULTRA VIOLET FILTER

• Pre filter

• Activated carbon

• Ultra violet chamber

• Electronic monitoring system

 2. BOILING
• Advantages:
– Simple and effective method of purification
– Will kill many waterborne bacteria through the intense heat
– Uses local available materials

• Disadvantages:
– Can sometimes be difficult, time consuming, and cost inefficient because of
the high volume of fuel used
– Will not remove mud from ‘murky’ water
– Will not remove suspended or dissolved compounds
 3. CHEMICAL PROCESS

BLEACHING POWDER
• Advantages:

– Easy to use method of chemical purification of water

– Effective at killing bacteria and viruses

– Inexpensive

• Disadvantages:

– Not effective at killing all parasites.

– Complex compounds can form with organic material which over time can be
hazardous to health.

– It is best to use the water in a shorter period of time and store it in a plastic
container in a cool and shaded place.
CHLORINE SOLUTION
CHLORINE TABLET

• Halazone tablet is available

in the market.

• Good to disinfect the small

quantities of water.

• Costly.

• 0.5 g sufficient to disinfect

20 liter of water.
INSTRUCTIONS TO USE CHLORINE
TABLET
ALUM
IODINE
• Emergency method to disinfect
the water.

• Two drops of iodine with 2%

ethanol solution sufficient for I
liter of water.

• Larger amount will stimulate

thyroid activity.
POTTASIUM PERMANGANATE

• No longer recommended
for disinfection of water.

• It will alter the color,

smell and taste of water.