  ln ln 

t t    TK TK

  crrc  r 0r a 0 a
PROJECT: KAP 5 PROTOTYPE 42 MAIN EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE

1- CALCULATION OF MAIN EARTHING CONDUCTOR

1.1 According to BS 7430

I t = 95.92 10 % corrosion tolerance 105.51

A  (mm2)
K
where :-
A cross section area of the main earthing conductor (mm2)
I fault current (ampere) 16000
t duration of fault current (seconds) 1.00
K material coefficient of the main earth conductor (A.sqrt(sec.)/mm2)

K = α * SQRT { LOGe ( ( T2+β ) / (T1+β) ) } 166.81

(for copper)
where :-
T2 maximum permitted final temperature of the conductor ( c ) 240
T1 ambient temperature of the conductor ( c ) 52

SELECTED CROSS SECTION AREA FOR THE MAIN COPPER CONDUCTOR (mm2) = 120.00 (mm2)

NOTE: Metal α β
Copper 226 234.5
   ln ln 
t t    TK TK
  crrc  r 0r a 0 a
1- CALCULATION OF MAIN EARTHING CONDUCTOR

1.1 According to BS 7430

I t = 59.95 10 % corrosion tolerance 65.94

A  (mm2)
K
where :-
A cross section area of the main earthing conductor (mm2)
I fault current (ampere) 10000
t duration of fault current (seconds) 1.00
K material coefficient of the main earth conductor (A.sqrt(sec.)/mm2)

K = α * SQRT { LOGe ( ( T2+β ) / (T1+β) ) } 166.81

(for copper)
where :-
T2 maximum permitted final temperature of the conductor ( c ) 240
T1 ambient temperature of the conductor ( c ) 52

SELECTED CROSS SECTION AREA FOR THE MAIN COPPER CONDUCTOR (mm2) = 70.00 (mm2)

NOTE: Metal α β
Copper 226 234.5
 EARTH RESISTANCE CALCULATIONS
PROJECT:

1 - CALCULATION OF SINGLE EARTHING ROD RESISTANCE

According to BS 7430:2011 + A1:2015 Equation 9.5.3

   8L  
Rr   ln    1 96.93
2L   d  
where :-

ρ Rho Specific Resistivity of the Soil (ohm.m) 300.00

L length of the earth rod (m) 3.00
D diameter of the earth rod (m) 0.020

2 - RESISTANCE OF EARTH ELECTROL IN LOW RESISTIVITY MATERIAL.

According to BS 7430:2011+A1:2015 Equation 9.5.7
The Resistance of a backfilled electrod Rb in Ohms calculated from:

1   8L   8L 
Rb     c   Ln  1  c  Ln  1
2L    D    d   Rb 64.97

ρ Resistivity of the soil (ohm. m) 300.00

ρc Resistivity of the conductive material used for backfill 1.00
d diameter of the earth rod (m) 0.020
L Length of the Rod in metres (m) 3
D Diameter of Infill in metres (m) 0.15

2 - CALCULATION OF EARTH RESISTANCE MULTIPLE RODS IN A HOLLOW SQUARE

According to BS 7430:2011 + A1:2015 Equation 9.5.8.5

RTOT  Rr  1N  RTOT = 3.87

where :-

 α=
  0.061
2  RS
ρ Specific Resistivity of the Soil (ohm. m) 300.00
Rr Resistance of Single Rod 64.97
N Number of Rods around the square 24
S Space of Rods in Metres (m) 12
λ Appropriate factor fram Table 2 7.03
n Number of Rods side of the square n  N
4
1 7

3- CALCULATION OF EARTH RESISTANCE FOR STRIP OR ROUND CONDUCTOR

According to BS 7430:2011 +A1:2015 Equation 9.5.5

Rta = Rta = 2.03

where :-

ρ Rho specific resistivity of the soil (ohm. m) 300.00

L the total length of conductor (m) 372
h the depth of burial in metres (m) 0.70
d Diameter of the round conductor or cross 120 0.01421
sectional area of the strip (m)
k has the value of 1.36 for strip or 1.83 for round
conductor.

4- THE COMBINED EARTH RESISTANCE OF THE RODS & CONDUCTOR (LOOP) AS FOLLOWS

1/R = 1/RTOT + 1/Rta

R = Combined system earth resistance (ohm)

1/R = 0.25824 + 0.491

R = 1.33 ohm
ohm

ohm

Electrodes in a Hollow Square (BS 7430)

No of Rods Side of Sqaura Factor (λ)
2 2.71
3 4.51
ohm 4 5.46
5 6.14
6 6.63
7 7.03
8 7.30
9 7.65
10 7.90
12 8.32
14 8.67
16 8.95
18 9.22
20 9.40
Table 2 BS 7430:2011+A1:2015

Conductor Size in mm2

 25 0.00642
35 0.00765
ohm 50 0.0089
70 0.0107
95 0.0126
120 0.01421
150 0.01575
185 0.01764
240 0.02025
300 0.02268
400 0.02565
253 0.025 25 x 3 mm Tape
 EARTH RESISTANCE CALCULATIONS
PROJECT:

1 - CALCULATION OF SINGLE EARTHING ROD RESISTANCE

According to BS 7430:2011 + A1:2015 Equation 9.5.3

   8L  
Rr  ln    1 53.98
2L   d  
where :-

ρ Rho Specific Resistivity of the Soil (ohm. m) 300.00

L length of the earth rod (m) 6.00
D diameter of the earth rod (m) 0.020

2- RESISTANCE OF THREE RODS OF EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE

According to BS 7430:2011+A1:2015 Equation 9.5.8.1
The Resistance of a backfilled electrod Rb in Ohms calculated from:

1    8 L  2 L 
Re   Ln    1  S  Re =
3 2L
. 23.30
  d  

ρ Resistivity of the soil (ohm. m) 300.00

L Length of the Rod in metres (m) 6
d diameter of the earth rod (m) 0.020
S Length of One side of the Equilateral triangle 6.00
n No of Earth Rods 3.00

3 - RESISTANCE OF EARTH ELECTROL IN LOW RESISTIVITY MATERIAL.

According to BS 7430:2011+A1:2015 Equation 9.5.7
The Resistance of a backfilled electrod Rb in Ohms calculated from:

1   8L   8L 
Rb     c   Ln  1  c  Ln  1 Rb 12.67
2L    D    d  

ρ Resistivity of the soil (ohm. m) 300.00

ρc Resistivity of the conductive material used for backfill 1.00
d diameter of the earth rod (m) 0.020
L Length of the Rod in metres (m) 6
D Diameter of Infill in metres (m) 0.15
n No of Earth Rods 3.00
3- CALCULATION OF EARTH RESISTANCE FOR STRIP OR ROUND CONDUCTOR

According to BS 7430:2011 +A1:2015 Equation 9.5.5

Rta = 21.46

where :-

ρ Rho specific resistivity of the soil (ohm. m) 300.00

L the total length of conductor (m) 24
h the depth of burial in metres (m) 0.70
d Diameter of the round conductor or cross 95 0.01260
sectional area of the strip (m)
k
has the value of 1.36 for strip or 1.83 for round
conductor.

4- THE COMBINED EARTH RESISTANCE OF THE RODS & CONDUCTOR (LOOP) AS FOLLOWS

1/R = 1/Re + 1/Rb + 1/Rta

RT = Combined system earth resistance (ohm)

1/RT = 0.04292 + 0.07895 + 0.0466

RT = 5.94 ohm

Since the desired value of less than 0.5 ohm is not achieved by using Equilateral Trinagle electrode of
6m with Low Res Infill and a Ring conductor of 95mm2 - 24 Mtr long. Hence it is recommanded to
connect all Low Current Triangulars

5- THE COMBINED EARTH RESISTANCE OF THE RODS & CONDUCTOR (LOOP) AS FOLLOWS

Rt1 Triangular Earthing Resistance Rt1 = 5.94

Rt2 Triangular Earthing Resistance Rt2 = 5.94
Rt3 Triangular Earthing Resistance Rt3 = 5.94
Rt4 Triangular Earthing Resistance Rt4 = 5.94
Rt5 Triangular Earthing Resistance Rt5 = 5.94

1/R = 1/Rt1 + 1/Rt2+1/Rt2+1/Rt4+1/Rt5

R = Combined system earth resistance (ohm)

1/RT = 0.168 + 0.168 0.168 0.168 0.168

1/RT = 0.168 + 0.168 0.168 0.168 0.168

RT = 1.19 ohm
ohm

ohm

ohm
 ohm

electrode of
ded to