Practical microbiology class 1

 WHO safe code of practice for a medical laboratory :

1. Laboratory coat, gowns, or uniforms must be worn in the laboratory.
2. Gloves must be worn for all procedures when direct contact with infectious
materials.
3. Safety glasses, face shields or other protective devices must be worn to
protect the eyes and face from splashes and impacting objectives.
4. Eating, drinking, smoking. Storing food and applying cosmetics are not
permitted in lab area.
5. The Laboratory must be kept neat, clean and free of materials not pertinent
to the work.
6. Work surfaces are decontaminated at least once a day and after each spill of
viable material.
7. All procedures are conducted carefully to minimize the creation of aerosols.
8. All contaminated liquid or solid wastes are decontaminated before disposing
of or handled.
9. Laboratory doors are kept closed when work is in progress. Access to the lab
is control by lab supervisor.
10. Person who are at high risk of acquiring are not allowed in the Laboratory
such as pregnant woman, children and individuals who immunodeficient.
11. Person wash their hand after handing infectious materials and when they
leave the Laboratory.
12. do not pipette blood or other body fluids or any reagents by mouth .

 Sterilization and disinfection

 Sterilization : is the killing of all microorganisms including bacterial
spores which is carried out by autoclaving (121c under pressure of 15
IB/in for 15-30 min ., dry heat (hot air oven 160c-180cfor 1-2
hour),ethylene oxidase gas and filtration .
 Disinfection : is the killing of many but not all microoganisms and
bacterial spores , which is carried out by disinfectant as phenol .
 Antiseptic : these are chemicals that kill microorganisms on the
surface of skin and mucus membrance .

 Techniques of sterlization :
 Physical method :
A- moist heat :
1- autoclaving: is saturated steam under pressure (121cunder of 15 IB/in or 1.2 bar
for 15-30 min).
2-boiling water :it is 100c at sea level for 10 minuters to kill vegetative forms and for
30 minutes to kill spores .
3- steam at 100c (tyndallization ).
Practical microbiology class 1

4- pasteurization : is the killing of vegetative forms and milk pathogens :

62c for 30 minutes followedby rapid cooling.
B- Dry heat : it is done by hot air oven (160c-180c for 1-2 hours).
C- Radiation :gamma rays ang x- rays .
D- Filtration (chemical method ): by using niitrocellulose filter of a pore 0.22 or 0.45
micrometer.

 Chemical methods :
- Alcohol as methanol (70%) as skin antiseptic.
- Hydogen peroxidase as skin antiseptic to clean deep wound .
- Acids and alkali : strong acid and alkali are kiling bacteria ,weak acids are
bacteriostatics as food preservative .