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thermoelastic stresses. Unfortunately, this may be a critical short-
⫽ ⫹ e ⫺  n t
coming when one is attempting to quantify the temporal threat of U 1⫺Bi ln共 a/b 兲 n⫽1 C 2 共 a,b,  n 兲
failure because the peak stresses tend to occur later when surface (3)
heating is involved. Hence, both the step and linear solutions may
not adequately predict the time or location of a failure resulting where U is the magnitude of the internal step change 共U⬅1 for
from a thermal shock event. this analysis兲, a is the internal radius of the cylinder, and b is the
In order to help overcome these potentially significant short- external radius of the cylinder. In Eq. 共3兲, the series coefficients
comings, an analytical model of the thermal transients and ther- are functions of the cylinder dimensions and various order Bessel
moelastic stresses developed within tubular components under a functions of the first and second kind
more plausible, time-dependent boundary condition is required. C 0 共 r,  n 兲 ⫽J 0 共 r  n 兲 Y 0 共 a  n 兲 ⫺Y 0 共 r  n 兲 J 0 共 a  n 兲 (4a)
Accordingly, this paper derives the thermal and stress equations
C 1 共 b,  n 兲 ⫽k  n J 1 共 b  n 兲 ⫺hJ 0 共 b  n 兲 (4b)
Contributed by the Pressure Vessels and Piping Division for publication in the
JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY. Manuscript received by the PVP C 2 共 a,b,  n 兲 ⫽ 共 k 2
 2n ⫹h 2 兲关共 J 0 共 a  n 兲兲 2
Division, January 3, 2000; revised manuscript received August 21, 2000. Editor: S.
Y. Zamrik. ⫺ 关  n kJ 1 共 b  n 兲 ⫺hJ 0 共 b  n 兲兴 2 兴 (4c)
146 Õ Vol. 123, FEBRUARY 2001 Copyright © 2001 by ASME Transactions of the ASME
冋 册 冋 册
of time and radial position:
冋冉 冊
h h
J 0共 a  兲  Y 1共 b  兲 ⫺ Y 共 b  兲 ⫺Y 0 共 a  兲  J 1 共 b  兲 ⫺ J 0 共 b  兲 ␣E a2 1
k 0 k ⫽ 1⫹ 关 T F 共 b 兲 ⫹T 2 F 2 共 b 兲兴
1⫺ r 2 b 2 ⫺a 2 1 1
⫽0
册
(5)
1
For a plausible time-dependent boundary condition described by a ⫹ 关 T F 共 r 兲 ⫹T 2 F 2 共 r 兲兴 ⫺T 共 r,t 兲 (10a)
r2 1 1
decaying exponential, such as
H 共 t 兲 ⫽V 共 1⫺e ⫺ct 兲 (6) r⫽
␣E
1⫺ 冋冉 冊
1⫺
a2 1
关 T F 共 b 兲 ⫹T 2 F 2 共 b 兲兴
r 2 b 2 ⫺a 2 1 1
册
with V and c as constants, the response of the thick-walled cylin-
1
der can be determined by using the following form1 of Duhamel’s ⫺ 关 T F 共 r 兲 ⫹T 2 F 2 共 r 兲兴 (10b)
integral, Fodor 关7兴 r2 1 1
冕 t H共 兲 where the axial stress is again defined as the sum of the hoop and
T 共 r,t 兲 ⫽ 共 r,t⫺ 兲 d (7) radial stresses provided no external restraints exist
冋 册
0
␣E 2
z⫽ ⫹ r⫽ 关 T F 共 b 兲 ⫹T 2 F 2 共 b 兲兴 ⫺T 共 r,t 兲
Invocation of this form requires that the thermophysical properties 1⫺ b 2 ⫺a 2 1 1
be considered independent of temperature, H(0)⫽0, and that the (10c)
initial temperature is zero. Substituting Eq. 共3兲 and the derivative
of Eq. 共6兲 into Eq. 共7兲 and integrating, the temperature as a func- For the derived expressions, the time functions T 1 (t), and
tion of radius and time for an internal, exponential boundary con- T 2 (t,  n ) are the boundary condition and series component taken
dition can finally be derived as from the transient thermal solution Eq. 共8兲.
T 1 共 t 兲 ⫽V 共 1⫺e ⫺ct 兲 (11)
T 共 r,t 兲 1⫺Bi ln共 r/b 兲
⫽ 共 1⫺e ⫺ct 兲 ⬁
冋 册
2
⫺ 共  n ⫺c 兲 t
1⫺Bi ln共 a/b 兲 1⫺e C 21 共 b,  n 兲
兺
V
T 2 共 t,  n 兲 ⫽V ce ⫺ct
冋 册
(12)
⬁ 2 共  2n ⫺c 兲 C 2 共 a,b,  n 兲
1⫺e ⫺ 共  n ⫺c 兲 t C 0 共 r,  n 兲 C 21 共 b,  n 兲
n⫽1
⫹ ce ⫺ct 兺
n⫽1 共  2n ⫺c 兲 C 2 共 a,b,  n 兲 The recurring functions F 1 (r) and F 2 (r) resulting from the
integration of the elasticity equations with respect to the radius r,
(8) are defined as follows:
provided  2n ⫺c⫽0 to avoid the singularity. The first term in Eq.
共8兲 represents the stationary distribution which would be estab- 冋 冉冊
共 2⫹Bi兲共 a 2 ⫺r 2 兲 ⫺2 Bi a 2 ln
a
b
⫺r 2 ln
r
b 冉 冊册
冋 冉冊 册
lished if the prescribed temperature H共t兲 would be fixed at time t, F 1共 r 兲 ⫽
a
whereas the second term accounts for the lag in the temperature 4 Bi ln ⫺1
distribution behind the stationary. As would be expected, the sec- b
ond term eventually vanishes and the solution approaches the ex- (13a)
pected logarithmic steady-state distribution at large values of
time.
Calculation of the thermoelastic stresses requires an under-
F 2共 r 兲 ⫽
r
冋
J 共  r 兲 Y 0 共  n a 兲 ⫺J 0 共  n a 兲 Y 1 共  n r 兲 ⫺
n 1 n
2
rn 册
standing of the relationship between the temperature distribution (13b)
and the resulting internal restraint experienced by the component. In all of the preceding equations, r must be evaluated within the
For a cylindrical geometry, the desired thermoelastic stress solu- interval a⭐r⭓b. Although not explicitly shown in Eq. 共13b兲, the
tion can then be realized by using the generalized, thermal stress function F 2 (r) must be inside of the series summation of Eq. 共12兲
relationships, Fridman 关8兴 because of the indexed roots of the characteristic equation,  n .
⫽
␣E
1⫺ 冋冉 冊 1⫹
a2 1
r 2 b 2 ⫺a 2 冕 a
b
T 共 r,t 兲 r dr Results and Discussion
In order to verify the accuracy of the derived relationships, a
r
1
⫹ 2 冕 a
r
T 共 r,t 兲 r dr⫺T 共 r,t 兲 册 (9a)
series of finite element calculations were first performed using the
following dimensions, thermophysical and thermoelastic proper-
ties: a⫽4 cm, b⫽6 cm, k⫽42 W/cm/°C, h⫽8400 W/cm2/°C,
冋冉 冊 冕 冕 册
⫽0.83 cm2/s, E⫽300 MPa, ⫽0.3, and ␣⫽8E-6/°C. All confir-
␣E a2 1 b 1 r
r⫽ 1⫺ T 共 r,t 兲 r dr⫺ T 共 r,t 兲 r dr matory calculations were performed using the ANSYS 共ANSYS
1⫺ r b ⫺a 2
2 2
a r2 a Inc., Houston, PA兲 finite-element code with a single row of 40
(9b) axisymmetric elements to simulate an infinite cylinder. For the
冋 冕 册
thermal case, the infinite cylinder assumption required the tem-
␣E 2 b
perature coupling of all corresponding nodes at any given radial
z⫽ ⫹ r⫽ T 共 r,t 兲 r dr⫺T 共 r,t 兲 (9c)
1⫺ b 2 ⫺a 2 a
location. For the thermoelastic case, the infinite cylinder assump-
tion required that the top layer of nodes be constrained to uni-
where is the circumferential 共hoop兲 stress, r is the radial formly deform across the thickness to simulate plain-strain condi-
stress, z is the axial stress, E is the elastic modulus, is Pois- tions. To maintain linearity during the analysis, all thermophysical
son’s ratio, ␣ is the coefficient of thermal expansion, and all other and elastic materials properties, as well as the convective coeffi-
terms are as previously defined. Integration of Eqs. 共9兲 using the cient on the external surface were assumed to be independent of
temperature.
1
In the event that H(0)⫽0, a slightly different form of Duhamel’s integral can be During the modeling of the step temperature change, the inter-
used. nal surface temperature was instantaneously raised by nodal speci-