GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II (Practice Problems) 2018

SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

UNIT 3: Shallow Foundations & Settlements

Q. 01 A trapezoidal footing is to be produced to support two square columns of 30 cm and

50 cm side respectively. Columns are 6 m apart and the SBC of the soil is 400 KN/m2.
The bigger column carries 5000 KN and smaller carries 3000 KN load. Design a
suitable size of the footing so that it does not extend beyond the faces of the columns
(May 2013)

Q. 02 A column carrying load of 350 KN is placed on a footing of size 1 m 1.5 m. Depth

of footing is 1 m below GL. Footing is resting on a 1.5 m thick compressible soil
layer. The properties of the compressible soil layer are Cc = 0.15 and = 0.8. The
3
unit weight of soil above and below footing is 18 KN/m . Determine consolidation
settlement of the soil layer by assuming 2V:1H pressure distribution. Consider mid
level pressure for analysis (Nov 2016)
Q. 03 A footing with width B = 2m and L = 3m carries a load of 900 kN. It rests on a soil
stratum whose E = kN/m2 and poisons ratio is 0.5, calculate immediate
settlement of footing if the influence factor is 1.52 (Nov 2016)

Q. 04 A rectangular footing (1m 1.5 m) is placed at a depth of 1m below the footing there
exists 1.5 m compressible layer with voids ratio 0.8 and compression index 0.15. Find
the expected consolidation settlement if the footing is loaded with 350 kN. Take
uniform = 18kN/m3, assume load distribution 2V: 1H. Consider mid level of
compressible layers for analysis (May 2014)

Q. 05 design a trapezoidal combined footing for following data: (May 2014)

Column Size Load Remark

A 0.46 0.46 m 2016 kN Exterior column
B 0.46 0.46 m 1560 kN Interior column

C/c distance between columns is 5.48 m and safe bearing capacity of soil is 190kN/m2

Q. 06 In a normally consolidated clay of liquid limit = 65.5%, saturated water content =

45%, specific gravity = 2.7 and 5m thickness, the overburden pressure is increased
from 250 kN/m2 by 120 kN/m2, Estimate the settlement that can take place
(April 2016)

Q. 07 Design a combined foundation in a soil of bearing capacity 150 KN/m2. The two
column loads of 1100 KN and 750 KN at distance of 5.4 m, both the column sizes are
0.5m 0.5m at distance of 5.4 m. The column with heavier load is on the boundary
of the plot with restriction to length of the foundation from inner side also
(April 2016)

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II (Practice Problems) 2018
Q. 08 A soft normally consolidated clay layer is 5 m thick with natural water content of
25%. The clay has a saturated unit weight of 17.1 KN/m3, specific gravity of soil
solids 2.65 and a liquid limit of 45%. The ground water level is at the surface of the
clay. Determine the settlement of the foundation if the foundation load will subject the
centre of the clay layer to a vertical stress increase of 10 KN/m2 (April 2017)

UNIT 6: Slope Stability

Q. 01 A new canal is excavated to a depth of 5 m below ground level, through a soil having
the characteristics C=14 kN/m2, = 15 , e = 0.8 and G = 2.7. The slope of bank is
1 in 1; calculate the factor of safety with respect to cohesion when the canal is
suddenly and completely emptied. Take Sn = 0.083 for = 15 and Sn = 0.122 for =
7.3 (May 2013)
Q. 02 Data from method of slices for a slope of soil with C = 10 kN/m2, = 32 and = 20
kN/m3 is given below. Determine factor of safety, take angle of subtended at centre of
curvature by arc of failure as 86 and radius of curvature R = 17.4 m (Nov 2016)

Slice No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Area (m2) 3.09 6.80 9.89 12.98 14.21 14.21 11.12 4.94

(degree) -20 -12 12 20 28 34 42 58

Q. 03 Calculate the factor of safety w.r.t cohesion, of a clay slope laid at 1 in 2 to a height of
10 m, if angle of internal friction = 10 , C = 25 kN/m2 and = 19 kN/m3. What will
be the critical height of the slope in this soil? Take Sn = 0.064 (Nov 2016)
Q. 04 An embankment is constructed in purely cohesive soil having Cu = 55 kN/m2 and unit
weight of soil is 18 kN/m3, for slope stability analysis a failure arc with following
details was selected, radius of slip circle = 15.2 m, angle subtended by the failure arc
at the centre = 128 , area of failure wedge section = 136sq.m, location of CG of
failure wedge = 4.2 m horizontally away from centre of slip circle. Calculate factor of
safety of this trail failure circle (Nov 2014)
Q. 05 A long natural slope of cohesionless soil is inclined at 12 to the horizontal and angle
of internal friction = 30 , determine the factor of safety of the slope. If the slope is
completely submerged, what will be the change in the factor of safety? (Nov 2014)
Q. 06 In method of slices, the magnitude of W sin for slice numbers 1 to 7 are 2,1,0,2,3,4
and 3 respectively, and that of Wcos for slices 1 to 7 are 2,3,5,4,5,2,1 units
respectively. The soil has C = 0 and = 30 Determine factor of safety (May 2014)

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II (Practice Problems) 2018
Q. 07 A 5 m deep canal has side slopes of 1:1, The properties of soil are Cu = 20 kN/m 2,
= 10 , e = 0.8 and G = 2.8. If Taylor’s stability number is 0.108, determine the factor
of safety with respect to cohesion when canal runs full. Also find the same in case of
sudden drawdown, if Taylor’s stability number for this condition is 0.137 (Dec 2013)
Q. 08 Stability analysis by Swedish method of slices gave the following values per running
meter for a 10 m high embankment
i) Total shearing force = 480 KN
ii) Total normal force = 1950 KN
iii) Total neutral force = 250 KN
iv) Length of arc = 22 m
If the properties of soil are C = 24kN/m2 and = 6 , calculate the factor of safety
w.r.t shear strength. (April 2016)
Q. 09 A long natural slope in a c - soil is inclined at 12 to the horizontal, the water table
is at the surface and the seepage is parallel to the slope. If a plane slip has developed
at a depth of 4m, determine the factor of safety. Take C = 8 kN/m 2, = 22 and =
3
19 kN/m (Dec 2015)
Q. 10 A slope is to be constructed at an inclination of 30 with the horizontal. Determine the
safe height of the slope at factor of safety of 1.5. The soil has following properties,
Cohesion = 15 kN/m2, angle of internal friction 22.5 , unit weight = 19 kN/m3,
stability number = 0.046 (April 2016 O)
Q. 11 A 8 m deep canal has side slope of 1.5 H: 1 V. The properties of soils are C = 24.5
KN/m2, = 14 , e = 0.8 and G = 2.7. Determine the factor of safety w.r.t cohesion,
against failure of the slope when the water level goes down suddenly. Given for i =
34 , stability number (Sn) are :( April 2017)

6 7 14
Sn 0.122 0.116 0.074

UNIT: 2 Bearing Capacities

Q. 01 Using Terzaghis theory determine the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing 1.5
m wide resting on a saturated clay (Cu = 30 KN/m2, =0 and =20 KN/m3) at a
depth of 2 m below ground level. The water table is also at a depth of 2 m below
ground level. If the water table rises by 1 m, calculate the percentage reduction in the
bearing capacity.
Take for = = 0 , Nc = 5.7, Nq = 1.0, N = 0 (May 2013)

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II (Practice Problems) 2018
Q. 02 A strip footing 1.5 m wide with its base at a depth of 1 m from GL is resting on sand
stratum. The sand has = 38 and unit weight of 17 kN/m3 in a dry state and 21
kN/m3 in saturated state. Determine the ultimate bearing capacity if
I) WT is at a depth of 15 m below GL
II) At a depth of 0.5 m below base of footing
Terzaghis bearing capacity factors are, Nq = 60, N = 75 (Nov 2016)
Q. 03 A plate load test was conducted at depth of 3 m on sandy soil using a square plate of
75 cm. The sandy soil stratum is uniform in nature and extends up to large depth.
Determine settlement of foundation size 2.5 m 3.5 m, carrying a load of 1200 kN
located at a depth of 3 m. Following is the data obtained from the test (Nov 2014)

Load intensity (kN/m2) 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Settlement (mm) 3.2 4.0 6.8 10 16.3 23.8 34 45.2

Q. 04 A plate load test was conducted with 30 cm square plate at a depth of 1.2 m below GL
in a cohesive soil having has = 0 . The failure was observed at a load of 36 kN. The
water table was observed to be at a depth of 4.7 m below GL. Compute the cohesion
and determine ultimate bearing capacity for strip footing 1m wide with its base
located at same level as the test plate. Take bulk unit weight of soil as 16 kN/m 3 also
calculate the safe bearing capacity with factor of safety 3 (May 2014)
Q. 05 What will be the net ultimate bearing capacity of sand having = 36 and =19
3
kN/m for I) 1.5 m strip foundation and II) 1.5 m 1.5 m square footing. The
footings are placed at a depth of 1.5 m below ground level. Assume FS = 2.5. Use
Terzaghis equation (Dec 2013)

35 57.8 41.4 42.4

40 95.7 81.3 100.4

Q. 06 A rectangular foundation 2m 3m rests on C - soil, with its base at 1.5 m below the
ground surface. Calculate the safe bearing capacity using a factor of safety 3 by
considering I) Net ultimate bearing capacity II) Ultimate bearing capacity
the soil has properties: unit weight = 18kN/m3, cohesion = 10kN/m2, angle of internal
friction = 30 , for = 30 , = 37.2, = 22.5, = 19.7 Use Terzaghis analysis
(April 2016)
Q. 07 A square footing at a depth of 1.3 m below ground level has to carry a safe load of
800 KN. Find the size of footing if the desired factor of safety is 3. The properties of
soil are void ratio = 0.55, degree of saturation = 50%, specific gravity = 2.67, C = 8
kN/m2, = 30 , bearing capacity factors are = 37.2, = 22.5, = 19.7 Use
Terzaghis theory (Dec 2015)

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II (Practice Problems) 2018
Q. 08 Determine the gross and safe bearing pressure of sand having = 36 and effective
unit weight of 18 kN/m3 under 1) 1 m wide strip footing 2) 1 m square footing
The footings are placed at a depth of 1 m below ground surface. Take factor of safety
as 3. Terzaghis bearing capacity factor for = 36 , Nc = 47, Nγ = 43 (April 2016 O)
Q. 09 A 4 m wide foundation is located at a depth of 1.5 m from ground surface in loose
sand. The relevant properties of sand are angle of internal friction 32 , unit weight in
dry state 16 KN/m3. Determine the net safe bearing capacity adopting factor of safety
2 by I.S code method analysis. Bearing capacity factors are (April 2017)

Angle of internal friction

22 16.88 7.82 7.13
23 18.05 8.66 8.20
32 35.49 23.18 30.22
33 38.64 26.09 35.19

UNIT: 4 Pile Foundations

Q. 01 200 mm diameter 8 m long piles are used as foundation for a column in a uniform
deposit of medium clay (Unconfined compressive strength = 100 kN/m2 and adhesion
factor = 0.9) There are nine piles arranged in a square pattern of 3 m 3 m. For a
group efficiency = 1.0, find the spacing between the piles (Neglect bearing)
(May 2013 & April 2017)
Q. 02 A group of nine piles, 12 m long are arranged in square pattern. The diameter of pile
is 250 mm. The unconfined compressive strength of soil is 100 kN/m2,calculate the
c/c distance of piles in the group for 100% group efficiency. Neglect bearing at tip.
Take adhesion factor as 0.9 (Nov 2016)
Q. 03 Find the ultimate load and the allowable load for a RCC pile driven by 35 kN single
acting steam hammer into medium dense sand to a final set of 5 mm per blow. It is
give that
1) Stroke of hammer = 1.360 m
2) Weight of pile and dolly = 90 kN
3) Coefficient of restitution = 0.45
4) Hammer efficiency = 0.90
5) Total elastic compression of soil, pile and dolly = 20 mm and
6) Factor of safety = 2.5 Use Hileys formula (Nov 2014)

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II (Practice Problems) 2018
Q. 04 A precast concrete pile of size 45 cm 45 cm is driven into stiff clay. The unconfined
compressive strength of the clay is 200 kN/m2, Determine the length of pile required
to carry a safe working load if 400 KN with factor of safety 2.5. Take = 0.55,
Nc = 9 (May 2014)
Q. 05 A group of 9 piles, 12 m long and 250 mm in diameter is to be arranged in a square
form in a clay soil with an average unconfined compressive strength of 60kN/m 2,
work out centre to centre spacing of piles for a group efficiency factor of 1. Neglect
bearing at the tip of the pile. Take adhesion factor = 0.9 (Dec 2013)
Q. 06 A concrete pile 45 cm in diameter and 15 cm long is driven into a homogeneous mass
of clay soil of medium consistency. The water table is at the ground surface. The unit
cohesion of the soil under undrained condition is 50 kN/m2 and adhesion factor =
0.75, compute ultimate load carrying capacity and safe load carrying capacity of pile
with factor of safety = 2.5 (April 2016)
Q. 07 A ‘n’ pile has to be proportional in a uniform pattern in soft clay with equal spacing in
all directions. Assuming any value of cohesion, determine the optimum value of
spacing of pile in the group. Take n = 25 and m = 0.7 for shear mobilization around
each pile. Neglect the end bearing effect and assume that each pile is circular in
section. (April 2016)
Q. 08 Estimate the safe load carrying capacity of a single bored pile 20 m long, 500 mm
diameter. The adhesion factor is 0.4. Take a factor of safety of 2.5. The soil strata is as
follows: (Dec 2015)

Depth (m) Soil Deposit Undrained shear strength (kN/m2)

0–5 Loose fill 50
5 – 10 Weathered over-consolidated clay 70
10 – 15 Over consolidated clay 100
15 - 20 Highly over consolidated clay 200

Assume that = 0 is valid and = 9 for deep foundation.

Q. 10 A group of 16 piles of 650 mm diameter is arranged in a square pattern with centre to

centre spacing of 1.0 m. The piles are 11 m long and are embedded in clay with
cohesion of 36 kN/m2, Determine the ultimate bearing capacity of this pile group.
Neglect bearing at tip of pile. Assume adhesion factor 0.6 (April 2016 O)
Q. 11 A concrete pile weighing 35 KN is driven by a drop hammer weighing 50 KN and
having an effective fall of 1.0 m. The average set per blow is 15 m. The total
temporary elastic compression is 20 mm. Assume the coefficient of restitution as 0.30
and a factor of safety of 2.0, determine the allowable load for pile using Hiley’s
formula. (April 2017)

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II (Practice Problems) 2018

ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE

UNIT 3: Shallow Foundations

Q. 01 A rectangular footing (3m 2m) exerts a pressure of 100 kN/m2 on a cohesive soil,
The soil is having modulus of elasticity = kN/m2 and poisons ratio = 0.5.
Determine the immediate settlement at the centre by considering influence factor 1.36
(Ans: 4.08 mm)
Q. 02 A strip footing of width 1.2 m is subjected to a bearing pressure of 40 kpa. If the
elastic modulus and the poisons ratio of the clay layer are kpa and 0.4
respectively, The influence factor for the strip footing is 1.75, then the elastic
settlement of the footing will be (Ans: 1.41 mm)
Q. 03 A soft normally consolidated clay layer is 6m thick with natural water content of
30%. The clay has saturated unit weight of 17.4 kN/m3, specific gravity of 2.67 and a
liquid limit of 40%. The ground water level is at the surface of the clay. Determine the
settlement of the foundation if the foundation load will subject the centre of clay layer
to a vertical stress increase of 8kN/m2 (Ans: 87 mm)
Q. 03 A square footing 1.2 m 1.2 m rests at a depth of 1 m in a saturated clay layer of 4 m
deep. The clay is normally consolidated, having an unconfined compressive strength
of 40 kN/m2, the soil has liquid limit of 30%, = 17.8 kN/m3, = 28% and G =
2.68. Determine the load which the footing can carry safely with a factor of safety of
3 against shear, also determine the settlement if the footing is loaded with this safe
load. Use Terzaghis analysis for bearing capacity.(Ans: load 96.77 kN & S = 42 mm)
Q. 04 A rectangular footing 2m 3m carries a column load of 600 kN at a depth of 1 m.
The footing rests on a C - soil strata 6 m thick, having poisons ratio of 0.25 and
young’s modulus of elasticity as 20000 kN/m2, Calculate the immediate elastic
settlement of the footing (Ans: 9.94 mm)
Q. 05 A trapezoidal footing is to be provided to support two square columns of 30 cm and
50 cm sides respectively. Columns are 6m apart and the safe bearing capacity of the
soil is 400 kN/m2, the bigger column carries 5000 kN and the smaller column carries
3000 kN load. Design a suitable size of the footing so that it does not extend beyond
the face of the columns. (Ans: a=0.994 m, b=4.889m & L=6.8m)
Q. 06 Design a rectangular combined footing for two columns carries equal load of 1200
KN. The columns are spaced 5 m apart (centre to centre), size of both columns
400 mm 400 mm, the footing projected 0.4 m from face of column on either side
(Ans:)

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II (Practice Problems) 2018

UNIT 6: Slope Stability

Q. 01 A canal is excavated to a depth of 5 m below ground level C = 1.5 t/m2, =2t/m3, if

the stability number for the soil is 0.1, the factor of safety of slope when it runs full
(Ans: 3)
Q. 02 In a stability analysis for a given slip surface by the method of slices ,
and are 500 KN, 900 KN and 200 KN
respectively. The length of the failure arc is 27 m. If the cohesion and friction of the
soil are 20 kN/m2 and 20 respectively, then the factor of safety with respect to shear
strength is (Ans: 1.59)
Q. 03 The cohesion and density of a soil are 2t/m2 and 2t/m3 respectively, for a factor of
safety of 2 and stability number 0.1, the safe height of the slope is (Ans: 5m)
Q. 04 A slope is to be constructed at an inclination of 30 to the horizontal determine the
safe height of slope at a factor of safety of 1.5, C=1.5t/m2, = 22.5 , =1.9t/m3,
stability numbers for mobilized friction angles are as follows
For = 22.5 , Sn = 0.02 for = 15 , Sn = 0.046 (Ans: 11.44m)
Q. 05 A new canal is excavated at a depth of 5m below GL through a soil having C=1.4
t/m2, = 15 , =1.945 t/m3. The slope of bank is 1 in 1. Calculate the factor of
safety with respect to cohesion when canal runs full. If it is suddenly emptied, what
will be the factor of safety?
For = 15 , Sn = 0.083 for =7.5 , Sn = 0.122 (Ans: 3.56 & 1.18)
Q. 06 A deep cut of 7 m has to be made in clay with unit weight 16 kN/m3 and cohesion of
25 kN/m2, what will be factor of safety if one has to have a slope angle of 30 ?
Stability number is given to be 0.178 (From Taylors chart) for a depth factor of 3
(Ans: 1.25)
Q. 07 An infinite slope is to be constructed in a soil. The effective stress strength parameters
of the soil are C’ = 0 and =30 . The saturated unit weight of the slope is 20kN/m3
and the unit weight of water is 10kN/m3. Assuming that seepage is occurring parallel
to slope, the maximum slope angle for a factor of safety of 1.5 would be
(Ans: 10.89 )
Q. 08 A granular soil possesses saturated density of 20kN/m3, its effective angle of internal
friction is 35 degree. If the desired factor of safety is 1.5, the safe angle of slope for
this soil, when seepage occurs at and parallel to the slope surface, will be
(Ans: 13 )

Q. 09 A canal having side slopes 1:1 is proposed to be constructed in a cohesive soil to a

depth of 10 m below the ground surface. The soil properties are =15 , Cu=12 kpa,
e=1.0, G=2.65 If Taylors stability number, Sn is 0.08 and if the canal flows full, the
factor of safety with respect to cohesion against failure of the canal bank slopes will

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II (Practice Problems) 2018
be. Also, if there is a sudden drawdown of water in the canal and if Taylors stability
number for the reduced value of is 0.126, the factor of safety with respect to
cohesion against the failure of bank slopes will be (Ans:1.82 & 0.53)

UNIT: 2 Bearing Capacities

Q. 01 A 3 m square footing is located in dense sand at a depth of 2m. Determine the

ultimate bearing capacity for the following water table positions:
1] at ground surface 2] at footing level
3] at 1m below the footing 4] at 1m below the ground level
The moist unit weight of sand above the water table is 18kN/m3 and the saturated unit
weight is 20kN/m3, = 35 , C = 0, = 33 and =34
2
(Ans: 1068, 1596, 1705, 1332 kN/m )
Q. 02 A footing 2.5 m square rests at a depth of 1m below GL in sand. The saturated unit
weight of the sand is 20kN/m3 and unit weight of sand above water table is 17kN/m3.
The shear strength parameters are C = 0 and = 40 , determine the net ultimate
bearing capacity when water table is 5m below GL. The bearing capacity factors are
= 72, = 64 and = 95 (Ans: 2686 kN/m2)
Q. 03 A column carries a load of 1000 KN, the soil is a dry sand weighing 19kN/m 3 and
having an angle of internal friction of 40 , A minimum factor of safety of 2.5 is
required and Terzaghi factors are required to be used, = 21 and = 42 assume
3
= 21 kN/m , find the size of square footing, if it s placed at ground surface
(Ans: 2 m)
Q. 04 A strip footing is to be designed to carry a gross load of 300kN/m at a depth of 1 m in
a clayey soil. The approximate shear strength parameters are C = 60 kN/m 2 and = 0.
Determine the width of footing if a factor of safety of 3 against shear failure to be
assured. Water table is found to be at the foundation level, above water table unit
weight of soil is 18kN/m3 and below the water table is 20kN/m3 (Ans: 2.27 m)
Q. 05 A footing 3 m square carries a gross pressure of 350kN/m2 at a depth of 1.2 m in sand.
The saturated unit weight of sand is 20kN/m3 and the unit weight above the water
table is 17kN/m3. The shear strength parameters are C’ = 0 and = 30 (for = 30
= 22and = 20) determine the factor of safety with respect to shear failure for
following cases
1] Water table is 5m below ground level
2] Water table is at 1.2 m below ground level (Ans: 2.54 & 2.02)
Q. 06 A plate load test was conducted in sand on a 300 mm diameter plate. If the plate
settlement was 5 mm at a pressure of 100 kpa, the settlement (in mm) of a 5m 8 m
rectangular footing at the same pressure will be (Ans: 17.80 mm)

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING – II (Practice Problems) 2018
Q. 07 In a plate load test conducted on cohesionless soil, a 600 mm square plate settles by
15 mm under a load intensity of 0.2 N/mm2. All conditions remaining the same,
settlement of a 1 m square footing will be (Ans: 20.5 mm)
Q. 08 A test plate 30 cm 30 cm resting on a sand deposit settles by 10 mm under a certain
loading intensity. A footing 150 cm 200 cm resting on the same sand deposit and
loaded to the same load intensity settles by (Ans: 27.8 mm)

UNIT: 4 Pile Foundations

Q. 01 A precast concrete pile of size 45 45 cm is to be driven into stiff clay. The

unconfined compressive strength of clay is 200kN/m2, determine depth of penetration
of pile to carry a safe working load of 400 KN, assume factor of safety of 2.50 and
adhesion factor of 0.75 (Ans: 6.05 m)
Q. 02 A concrete pile 30 cm diameter is driven into medium dense sand ( =35 ,
=21kN/m3, K=1, = 60, = 0.70, for a depth of 8 m. The water table is at 2 m
below ground level. The critical depth may be taken as 3.60 m. determine the safe
load for the pile, take factor of safety 3 (Ans: 169 KN)
Q. 03 A square group of 9 piles was driven into soft clay extending to a large depth. The
diameter and length of the piles were 30 cm and 10 m respectively. If the unconfined
compression strength of clay is 8t/m2 and the pile spacing is 90 cm c/c, what is the
capacity of the group? Assume a factor of safety of 2.50 and adhesion factor of 0.75
(Ans: Qg = 277.37 KN & Qs = 110.95 KN)
Q. 04 A precast concrete pile (35 35 cm) is driven by a single acting steam hammer.
Estimate the allowable load using Hileys formula. Maximum rated energy is 3500
KN-cm, weight of hammer is 35 KN, efficiency of hammer is 0.80, efficiency of
hammer blow is 0.476, number of blows for last 25.4 mm is 6, the total elastic
compression of pile cap, pile and soil may be taken as 18 mm. Assume factor of
safety of 4 (Ans: 251.89 KN)
Q. 05 A pile is driven with a single acting steam hammer of weight 15 KN with a free fall of
900 mm. the average set value per blow is 27.50 mm. Find safe load using
Engineering News formula considering efficiency as 90% (Ans: 67.43 KN)
Q. 06 A 16 pile group has to be arranged in the form of a square in soft clay with uniform
spacing. Neglecting end bearing, determine optimum value of the spacing in meter, if
the diameter of pile is 500 mm, assuming a shear mobilization factor of 0.6
(Ans: 1.09 m)

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