Kick 'em Jenny

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Kick 'em Jenny

Location map of submarine volcano Kick-'em-Jenny

Sonar image of the submarine Kick-'em-Jenny cone from

the NE in 1996.
Summit depth −185 m (−607 ft)[1]
Height 1,300 m (4,265 ft)[2]
Location
Caribbean Sea, north of
Location Grenada
Coordinates 12.30°N 61.64°W[2]
Geology
Type Submarine volcano (seamount)
Volcanic arc/chain Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc
Last eruption July 2015[3]
Kick 'em Jenny (also: Kick-'em-Jenny or Mt. Kick-'Em-Jenny) is an active submarine
volcano or seamount on the Caribbean Sea floor, located 8 km (5 mi) north of the island of
Grenada and about 8 km (5 mi) west of Ronde Island in the Grenadines. Kick-'em-Jenny rises
1,300 m (4,265 ft) above the sea floor on the steep inner western slope of the Lesser Antilles
ridge. The South American tectonic plate is subducting the Caribbean tectonic plate to the east
of this ridge and under the Lesser Antilles island arc.[4]

Contents
 1 Etymology
 2 Activity
 3 Maritime exclusion zone
 4 See also
 5 References

Etymology
The volcano was unknown before 1939, although "Kick 'em Jenny" appeared on earlier maps
as either the name of a small island now called Diamond Rock (or Île Diamante), or the name
of the strait between Grenada and Ronde Island (or Île de Ronde). The name itself may be a
reference to the waters sometimes being extremely rough.[2][5]

Activity
The first record of the volcano was in 1939,[6] although it must have erupted many times
before that date. On 23–24 July 1939 an eruption broke the sea surface, sending a cloud of
steam and debris 275 m (902 ft) into the air and generating a series of tsunamis around two
metres (6.6 ft) high when they reached the coastlines of northern Grenada and the southern
Grenadines. A small tsunami also reached the West coast of nearby Barbados, where 'a sea-
wave' suddenly washed over a coastal road, most likely at Paynes Bay.

The volcano has erupted on at least twelve occasions between 1939 and 2001 (the last being
on December 4, 2001), although none of the eruptions have been as large as the 1939 one, and
most were only detected by seismographs. The larger eruptions have also been heard
underwater or on land close to the volcano as a deep rumbling sound.[2]

A submersible survey in 2003 detected a crater with active fumaroles releasing cold and hot
gas bubbles. Samples of fresh olivine basalt were collected. An arc shaped collapse structure
appears on the west flank and was the apparent source of a submarine debris avalanche
extending 15 km (49,000 ft) down the ridge slope to the west toward the Grenada Basin.[7]
The Global Volcanism Program reports the summit to be 185 m (607 ft) below the sea surface.

Signs of elevated seismicity began July 11, 2015, and on July 23 a strong continuous signal
was recorded by instruments observing Kick 'em Jenny, prompting authorities to raise the
alert level to orange, which is the second-highest level.[8] The following day, July 24, at 02:00
an hour long explosion event was recorded, scientists from the University of the West Indies
Seismic Research Centre observed nothing out of the ordinary at the surface above the
volcano during an overflight on 25 July, and by 18:00 no activity was recorded.[9] On 26 July
the Alert Level was lowered to Yellow.[3] This has now been changed. On March 12, 2018 the
warning has once again been raised to Orange.

Maritime exclusion zone

The volcano is on the shipping route from St Vincent to Grenada. There is a maritime
exclusion zone monitored by the Seismic Research Centre of the University of the West
Indies, Trinidad and this is normally at 1.5 km (1 mi) from the centre of the volcano. Bubbles
of volcanic gases can lower water density, creating a sinking hazard[citation needed]. This is marked
on marine charts. During periods of high level seismic activity this is increased to five
kilometres (3.1 mi).

See also
 List of volcanoes in Grenada

References
1.

 "Kick 'em Jenny". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2018-01-
04.
  Topinka, Lyn (2001-12-12). "Description: Kick 'Em Jenny Volcano, West Indies". United
States Geological Service. Archived from the original on 2009-05-12. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
  "Global Volcanism Program | Report on Kick 'em Jenny (Grenada) — 22–28 July 2015".
volcano.si.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  "Kick em' Jenny-Home". The University of West Indies-Seismic Center. Retrieved 2009-
10-16.
  "Grenada - Kick 'Em Jenny Frequently Asked Questions". University of the West Indies.
Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  Lopes, Rosaly M. C. (2005), The volcano adventure guide, Cambridge University Press,
Illustrated ed. p. 11. ISBN 0-521-55453-5
  Mattox, Steve (April 5, 2002). "Kick-'em-Jenny, West Indies". The University of Oregon.
Retrieved 2009-10-16.
  "Changed Alert Level at Kick 'em Jenny Submarine Volcano". The University of the West
Indies Seismic Research Centre. Archived from the original on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 24
July 2015.
1.  "The University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre".
www.uwiseismic.com. Retrieved 2016-02-27.

Categories:
 Volcanoes of Grenada
 Plate tectonics
 Submarine volcanoes
 Active volcanoes
 Former islands from the last glacial maximum
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