INDUSTRIALIZATION

The change from a farming economy to a machine economy. The “modernizing” of a place.
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON HEALTH CARE DELIVERY

POSITIVE EFFECTS

1. Easy access of health services

Through good infrastructures like roads they provide transportation of individuals to the healthcare
facility for example hospital clinics and dispensaries.
2. Industrialization has led to provision of essential machines
Machines are used in diagnosing of disease and treatment of diseases thus enhancing health and
reducing pain and also help the healthcare providers to distinguish between the normal and abnormal
body changes and also prevents complication from occurring.
3. Enhances research and study of different health hazards
Through industrialization history of diseases are documented and helps in future research on factors
affecting health and healthcare deliveries.
4. Enhancement of better communication
Through development of industrialization, good communication media was developed between
healthcare providers and their colleagues and also or other individual in the society thus ensuring
effective healthcare providence.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS

1. Urbanization
Industrialization led to migration of people from rural areas to urban regions leading to overpopulation
and overcrowding thus resulting to poor health practices due to congestion and development of slums.
Individuals are more susceptible in contracting diseases which results from overcrowding, for example
tuberculosis.
2. Pollution
Due to rapid industrialization and more building of industries, pollution in rivers and water bodies and
also release of smoke to the atmosphere can lead to diseases, for example cancer and respiratory
diseases.
3. Spread of diseases
Overpopulation in urban areas has led to the spread of diseases for example cholera, tuberculosis and
all other diseases of which are spread through contact, airborne or waterborne thus leading to
deteriorating of health to individuals.
4. Emergence of social class and corruption
This has led unfair distribution of resources among healthcare facilities thus affecting healthcare
delivery. Individuals with low status in society are not able access healthcare facilities with well
equipped with quality diagnostic equipment thus the provision of care depends on poor health delivery
available.

URBANIZATION
The process by which a large number of people becomes permanently concentrated in relatively small
areas forming cities. Urban is area containing the city proper, suburbs and continuously settled commuter
areas. It may be smaller or larger than metropolitan area.
Rural to Urban Migration
Push Factors – Things that force/ “push” people out of a place or land.

- High-unemployment and Low wages

- Economic struggles (seasonal work in rice paddies)
- Natural disasters (Droughts, Floods)
- Famines
- Political upheaval
- Religious Persecutions
- Wars

Pull Factors – Things that attract people to a place or land.

- Employment (Factory jobs that are stable year-round)

- Educational opportunities
- Better access to health care
- Religious freedom
- Political freedom

EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON HEALTH CARE DELIVERY

1. Poor Health and Spread of Diseases
Slum areas in particular experience poor sanitation and insufficient water supply which
generally make slum populations susceptible to communicable diseases. The environmental
problems such as urban pollution also cause many health problems namely allergies, asthma,
infertility, food poisoning, cancer and even premature deaths.
2. Water and Sanitation Problems
Because of overpopulation and rapid population increase in most urban centers, it is common
to find there are inadequate sewage facilities. Municipalities and local governments are faced with
serious resource crisis in the management of sewage facilities. As a result, sanitation becomes poor
and sewages flow chaotically, and they are drained into neighboring streams, rivers, lakes, or seas.
Eventually, communicable diseases such as typhoid, dysentery, plague, and diarrhea spread very fast
leading to suffering and even deaths. Overcrowding also highly contributes to water scarcity as supply
falls short of demand.
3. Overcrowding and Development of Slums
Overcrowding is a situation whereby a huge number of people live in a small space. This form
of congestion in urban areas is consistent because of overpopulation and it is an aspect that increases
day by day as more people and immigrants move into cities and towns in search of better life. When
the cost of living combined with overcrowding and unemployment, there are spreads of unlawful
residential settlements represented by slums and squatters. The social, economic and living conditions
in congested urban areas affects access and utilization of public health care services.
4. Urban Crime
Issues of lack of resources, overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, and lack of social services and
education habitually leads to many social problems including violence, drug abuse, and crime. Most
of the crimes are reported to be more prominent in the urban vicinities. Besides, poverty related crimes
are the highest in fast-growing urban regions. These acts of urban crime not only upset the peace and
tranquility of cities/towns but also increases the number of injuries due to assault or accident.