- SPENDING

+ Noun: Spending = expenditure/ spender = consumer (người chi tiêu =

người tiêu dùng)

+ Verb (active form): spend = use one’s money (chi tiêu = dùng tiền của
ai)

+ Verb (passive form): be spent on = be allocated for = be used for = be

expended = be paid out for

(được chi tiêu cho cái gì = được phân bổ cho = được dùng cho = được trả
cho)

Example:

+ Around $800 per person was spent on IELTS books by Vietnamese

consumers in 2017.

+ Germans were the lowest overall spenders, with roughly the same
figures (just under £150,000) for each of the six products.

+ Spending on IELTS books increased dramatically to $800 in 2017.

+ Among US consumers, in 1990 $1 billion was spent on clothes, while

the expenditure on holidays was almost double this figure.

+ Almost half of government spending was allocated for health and

education.

- CONSUMPTION

+ Noun: X consumption = X use/ the amount of X used/ consumed (Tiêu

dùng cho X = Việc sử X/ Lượng X được dùng/ tiêu thụ)

+ Verb: consume = use (Dùng = tiêu thụ)

Example:

+ The charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture,

industry and homes around the world, and water use in Brazil and the
Democratic Republic of Congo.

+ We can also see that water consumption was considerably higher in

Brazil than in the Congo.

+ The amount/The quantity of ice cream consumed fell from 5000

litres in 2004 to 3750 litres in 2007.

- INTERNET USAGE

+ Noun: Internet usage (việc sử dụng internet)

+ the population who used the Internet = people who used the Internet
= people using the Internet = people who had access to the Internet =
people accessing the Internet = Internet users

(dân số sử dụng Internet = người dân sử dụng Internet = người có kết

nối với Internet = người sử dụng Internet)

+ Verb: use = access = connected to

Example: :

+ Almost 100% of Canadians used the Internet, compared to about 80%

of Americans and only 40% of Mexicans.

+ Overall, a much larger percentage of Canadians and Americans had

access to the Internet in comparison with Mexicans, and Canada
experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage.
+ 50% of people using the Internet in the US are teenagers.

+ The number of Internet users rose sharply in Vietnam after 2002.

+ China witnessed an incredible growth in Internet usage over a period

of 10 years.

+ The chart shows that in 2002, 50 million people had access to the
Internet in Russia, compared with 70 million ten years later.

- PRODUCTION

+ Noun: production, manufacture, generation

+ the amount of X produced/ the amount of X made by…/ the amount

of X manufactured/the quantity of energy generated/the quantity of
electricity generated (lượng X được sản xuất/ làm ra bởi)

+ Verb: to produce = to make = to manufacture = to generate

(electricity/energy)

(sản xuất = làm ra = tạo ra (điện, năng lượng))

Example: :

+ Total electricity production/generation increased dramatically from

1980 to 2000 in both Australia and France.

+ The pie charts compare the amount of electricity

produced/generated using five different sources of fuel in two
countries over two separate years.

+ The amount of rice produced in Thailand increased by 25%.

+ The amount of leather manufactured in the Dominican Republic

increased between 1970 and 1975.
+ No one can predict the the number of trainers that will made by
China this year.