Skylar Born

Professor Richardson

English Composition 2

3 March 2019

Annotated Bibliography

My essay will try and answer all the questions about extroverts and introverts. I

wanted to know why people act the way they do and how they feel in certain situations.

It fascinated me that everyone is different but learning this will let me have a better

understanding of why. So what is the difference between an extrovert and introvert?

Why does this affect brains differently?

Bennington-Castro, Joseph, and Joseph Bennington-Castro. “The Science of What

Makes an Introvert and an Extrovert.” io9, io9.Gizmodo.com, 16 Dec. 2015,

io9.gizmodo.com/the-science-behind-extroversion-and-introversion-1282059791.

This article showed me where extroverts and introverts first started. Extroverts

and introverts were found in the 1920s by psychologist Carl Jung. He explained the

characteristics and personalities if you were to be an extrovert or introvert. This article

also mentioned how another psychologist who came up with theories about extroverts

and introverts and how their brains work.

The writer's purpose for this article is to show people how introverts and

extroverts were discovered and the difference between them. It goes into more depth

about each of the two and explains the brain activity and how people interact in the real

world. The audience for this piece would be people interested in the psychology of the

brain or anyone who wants to know why they act the way they do. Since the first study
was found in the 1920s we have had a long time to look more into this. There have

been books written about it and speakers who give Ted talks about it. The study being

found in 1920 doesn’t really affect what the source says because it also brings in what

has happened right now.

The writer of this article is Joseph Bennington-Castro who is a science journalist.

Joseph uses adequate information in his article because he used psychologists and

other credible resources to explain things. I know this source is reliable because it uses

other credible sources for the information and it is not biased. He explains both

extroverts and introverts without taking one side.

I can pull a lot of information from this article for my research paper. I would be

able to answer my question of what is an extrovert and introvert and what is the

difference between them. This article shows where all the research started so I can

begin my essay with this information.

England, Rachel. “Why the 'Introverts v Extroverts' Battle Helps Neither Side.” The

Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 1 May 2018,

www.theguardian.com/science/brain-flapping/2018/may/01/why-the-introverts-v-

extroverTs-battle-helps-neither-side.

This article also talks about how Carl Jung founded extroverts and introverts but

mentions that people have criticized his findings since it was so long ago. It also

mentions how many psychologists have found more things using his findings and have

a broader take on it. This article mentions the differences between extroverts and

introverts but leans towards being more of an introvert and the positives of them. It also
includes how extroverts aren’t just the obnoxious outgoing people always assume they

are.

The author's purpose in writing this is to show that only having one of these

personality types isn’t going to make you a winner or be “better”. The audience of this

piece would be anyone trying to see the differences in extroverts and introverts but not

taking one side. This article was posted in 2018 which means it has pretty up to date

information that would be good to put into my research paper.

The author of this article is Rachel England a journalist and editor. I know this

author is credible because she pulled all of her information from reliable resources. She

mentions sources like Ted talks, books and journals to write about her information.

Since Rachel uses other reliable sources this would be good information to put in my

research article.

I could use this information in my research proposal by adding more things

about extroverts and introverts this article includes very little bias but it does lean

towards the introvert so I could read into more of that since I’m an extrovert.

“Introverts Extroverts.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers,

www.psychologytoday.com/us/collections/201207/introverts-extroverts.

This cite has many sections I can choose from to look up more information about

extroverts and introverts. One of the sections I opened was titled the difference between

extroverts and introverts written by Michelle Gallagher. She writes about how their is a

brain difference for each and that affects our personalities.

The purpose of this article was to really show the brain difference and how

extroverts and introverts work. Like what sides of the brain they use more. The
audience of this piece is anyone who would want to learn about which parts of the brain

they use so they know why they act the way they act. This article was written in 1999

but reviewed in 2016 so it is still pretty up to date on its information. I know this author is

credible because she uses doctor’s information and other resources. She also uses

scientist information from tests they’ve done on brains.

I think this information is very reliable since it was taken by doctors and

scientists. It has a lot to do with the psychological nature of things and I think that would

be great to further my research proposal. I can also use this information for my research

paper by putting how each brain works if you are an extrovert or introvert and I could

add what each one craves.

smustube. “Learning and the Brain: Introversion and Extroversion.” YouTube, YouTube,

18 Oct. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQtXX1WHmSA.

This video on YouTube is similar to the articles I’ve read but includes more tests

that people have done. It includes the Myers-Briggs tests and more of Jung's research.

It shows the differences of extroverts and introverts on charts and also has a study by

Jeremy Kagan where he studies babies a throughout their lives and makes a hypothesis

of which ones will grow up to be extroverts or introverts. His hypothesis for the tests on

the babies was right and he was able to pick out the ones who would grow up to be

introverts. The speaker of this video also mentions some parts of the brain that each

person uses such as the memory of fear and safety. She also mentions the deeper

meanings of introverts and why they aren’t just homebodies they are more sensitive.

Another scientist that took Kagan's work further and described something as an orchid

hypothesis where introverts are labeled as more sensitive than what other say.
 The purpose of this video was to show people the deeper meanings of who they

are and what introverts and extroverts are. It shows people the parts of the brain that

react for a certain person and why they react the way they do. The audience for this

piece is the people the speaker is talking to and other people who want to learn more

about themselves and the brain. This piece was taken in 2013 which means it is still

pretty new and more tests and information has been gathered since this started.

The speaker of this video is Heather Clayton and she is the director of learning

for SMUS. I know Heather is credible because she uses examples of scientists and

other reliable peoples work. I know this source is reliable because it was posted by the

university and used others researched to teach the people she was talking to.

I think this video shows a good use of CRAAP because she has a purpose for

teaching her audience about it. Her lecture included things where she could relate with

people and see how their mind works. I will use a lot of the information that heather

used in her speech and some information from the charts she had posted on the

PowerPoint. I could use the scientists data collected from the tests he had taken and

the research added on from Kagan's theory.

Waude, Adam. “Extraversion and Introversion.” Psychologist World, 2 Feb. 2017,

www.psychologistworld.com/influence-personality/extraversion-introversion.

This article tells the characteristics and personality traits associated with an

extrovert or introvert. It discusses that introverts are more secluded and keep to

themselves whereas extroverts like social things and being around people. It also

mentions the ambient type of person which is a person that falls into the middle of being

an extrovert and introvert. It also mentions a German-born psychologist named Hans

Eysenck who took Kagan’s work further. He knew about many personality traits and

which ones fit under each category. This Also mentions more about being an extrovert

and about the happiness of them.

The purpose in writing this article was to look into personality traits and how they

affect our characteristics. The audience for this piece would be anyone interested in

personality traits. This article includes citations from tests and information taken in 2017

so this article is really new and has some fresh information.

The author of this piece is Adam Waude who is an editor of the page

Psychologist World. He used other psychologists work and tests to explain his

information. He is credible by citing where his information came from and using real

results. This source is reliable because it uses correct citations, good dates and other

reliable sources.

It does have a little more to do with extroverts but since I am an extrovert I can

add more of that to my essay and explain how it relates to me and more about how

introverts and extroverts differ. It uses the CRAAP method well because it has a

purpose of being written and relevance to what I am writing. I’m happy it has information

collected from not too long ago so I have new information.

Granneman, Jennifer. “Why Introverts and Extroverts Are Different: The Science.” Quiet

Revolution, 21 Dec. 2015, www.quietrev.com/why-introverts-and-extroverts-are-

different-the-science/.

This article has a lot to do with the brain. It explains the difference of dopamine,

acetylcholine, nervous system and a little bit about introverts because the writer is an

introvert. Dopamine is a chemical release to the brain when someone likes something
or gets joy from it. The dopamine in everyone's bodies is about the same but the

difference is the activity someone does after it is released. Dopamine is more related to

the extrovert type people because they react differently like by becoming more chatty or

happier in a social event. Acetylcholine is released more if you are an introvert. It is

similar to dopamine but instead of making someone become more “loose” it makes

them relax. The nervous system use is different between both extrovert and introvert

too. Extroverts tend to use the sympathetic side which is the side that uses more activity

and has difference responses of situations.

The purpose of writing this article is finding the difference of extroverts and

introverts by the body and brain reactions or activity. Just like the title is the more

science difference then just saying extroverts act wilder and introverts are secluded.

The audience of this article would be anyone trying to learn about the parts of the brain

that make us act the way we do or why there are certain types of chemicals released for

both extrovert and introvert. This article was posted in 2015 which is relatively new and

it also is written by someone who has researched into a lot of this and even wrote a

book about it.

Jennifer is credible because she used her own information she has researched

and other citations that were done by books and scientists. This source is reliable

because it has many credible resources and correct information and facts about what

she has written about. This article is good at using the CRAAP method because it

includes a purpose for writing it and its currency was pretty new so I know it includes

information that can be proved false from a long time ago.

 This article would be useful to use to write my essay because it has a lot of

information that has to do with the brain and how extroverts and introverts brains work

differently and what happens to their brain/what is released. I also get an idea about

introverts since the writer is and talks a little more about it.

Zafarghandi, Amir Mahdavi, et al. “Directory of Open Access Journals.” Informing

Science The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, Informing

Science Institute, 1 Jan. 2016,

https://doaj.org/article/96645a1d9f014aadaf26be12ce55af68.

This article mentions the psychological factors of being and introvert and

extrovert. It has to do with the personality traits of both. It mentions the Myers-Briggs

indicator which tests what type of personality traits you have which puts you into the

category of being an extrovert or introvert. They were then able to correlate a person's

personality trait and their use of verbal immediacy. It showed a strong verbal immediacy

was more of an extrovert.

The writer's purpose of this article was to test the personality traits of teachers

and see if what they do or how they react determines whether or not they are an

introvert or extrovert. This article was found on the Sinclair library page so it is credible

and it mentions the tests that were taken and they were cited. This article was written

and posted in 2015 so it has used new tests and information.

The writer of this piece is Amir Mahdavi that works at English Language

Teaching Department, University of Guilan. This author is credible because they use

reliable information and resources. They added information from other psychologists

work and cited it. This author uses CRAAP because the currency is a pretty new date
and they have a purpose of writing this. Since they did a test on verbal immediacy they

wanted to see how it affects people.

This information will be useful to put into my essay because it has a new test that

I haven’t read about. I can tell if how the way people reacted in the verbal immediacy

tests relates to them being an extrovert or introvert. It also mentions that gender has

nothing to do with being an extrovert or introvert so that is another piece of information I

could use.