TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1.0 Introduction 3
2.0 Client Requirement 4
2.1 For area of the proposed project 4
2.2 For specification of the proposed project 4
3.0 Preliminary cost estimating method 8
3.1 Floor Area Method 8
3.1.1 Introduction 8
3.1.2 Adjustment factor 8
3.1.3 Breakdown of cost 10
3.1.3.1 Average cost/m2 based on previous ECA 10
3.1.3.2 Target cost for the proposed project 11
3.2 Aproximate Quantity 12
3.2.1 Introduction 12
3.2.2 Cost summary of the proposed project 13
4.0 Cost Analysis 14
4.1 Comparism of cost target and detailed estimated 14
4.2 Justification 15
5.0 Recommendation 18
6.0 Reference 24
APPENDIX
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The project title for the proposed building is proposed and prepare of one unit double storey
bungalow house at Taman Mutiara Rini, Pulai, Johor. The gross floor area of the proposed project
is 396m2. The total cost of the proposed project as calculated using the approximate quantity and
floor area method is RM 744,084.00 This project use Standard PAM Form of Contract Private
Edition (with quantities). It is an Open Tender project. The tender date for this proposed building
is 22 November 2017 and it takes 24 weeks to complete. The parties involved in this project are
following:

(a) Client (d) Civil & Structure Engineer

Mutiara Rini Sdn.Bhd ARSEA Consulting Engineers
18th floor, Menara Boustead Sdn. Bhd
69 Jalan Raja Chulan No. 40, 1st – 3rd Floor,
50200 Kuala Lumpur Jalan Wangsa Setia 3, Wangsa
Melawati,
(b) Architect 53300, Setapak
Arkitek MAA Sdn.Bhd Kuala Lumpur
Penthouse Level 21 Tower 3A Plaza
Sentral, (e) Quantity Surveyor
Jln, Stesen Sentral 5 P.O Box 10455, Arh Jurukur Bahan Sdn. Bhd.
50714 Kuala Lumpur 31-01, Jalan Persiaran Tanjung
Susur 1,
(c) Mechanical & Electrical Off Jalan Tampoi, Johor Bharu,
KTA Tenaga Sdn.Bhd 81200, Johor
Bangunan KTA Tenaga
D1-21, Jalan PJU1/41
Dataran Prima, Kelana Jaya
47301 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor Darul Ehsan

2
2.0 CLIENT REQUIREMENT

2.1 AREA OF PROPOSED PROJECT

As per client requirement, table below show the summary of the area for the proposed project
that has been calculated as what shown in the drawings. The area are of the project area are divided
into 3 parts, namely as usable area, circulation area and unenclosed covered area. Usable area is
an area of the floor or floors in a storey or a building excluding staircases, public circulation space
and lift landings. While circulation area is the sum of all areas on all floors of a building required
for physical access to some subdivision of space, whether physically bounded by partitions or not.
The unenclosed covered area is the sum of all such areas at all building floor levels, including
roofed balconies, open verandas, porches and porticos, attached open covered ways alongside
buildings.

2.1.1 USABLE AREA (m2) :

GROUND FLOOR AREA (m2)

Living room & Dining hall 89.06
Kitchen 57.28
Bedroom 4 20.41
Bathroom 4 6.79
Store room 8.28
FIRST FLOOR AREA (m2)
Bedroom 1 71.17
Living room 31.06
Bedroom 2 32.15
Bathroom 3 28.64
Bathroom 1 11.55
Bathroom 2 7.12

3
 Bathroom 3 7.12
Staircase 1 12.28
Staircase 2 12.28
TOTAL USABLE AREA (GFA) 371.44

2.1.2 CIRCULATION AREA (m2) :

Staircase 1 12.28
Staircase 2 12.28
TOTAL CIRCULATION AREA (GFA) 24.56

2.1.3 UNENCLOSED COVERED AREA (m2) :

Car porch 78.56

Balcony 30.30
Terrace 9.27
Apron 23.87.
TOTAL UNUSABLE AREA (GFA) 118.13

Total Gross Floor Area(GFA) = (usable area + circulation area)

= (371.44 m2 + 24.56 m2)

= 396 m2

The total of gross floor area (GFA) for the proposed project are 396 m2 which is the floor area
as the client requirement.The total gross floor area will be used in the preparation of detailed
estimates of quantities, built up rate and elemental cost analysis.

4
2.2 SPECIFICATION OF PROPOSED PROJECT

2.2.1 The table below show the client requirement for specification by element of the
proposed project.

NO. ELEMENT SPECIFICATION

1. ROOF The item that is required by the client is consists of a reinforced

concrete suspended roof slab, with steel roof trusses above it.
Other than that, the roof is finished with clay interlocking tiles,
rainwater downpipe and 24 gauge galvanised iron sheet.

2. STAIRS The staircase must be made up of reinforced concrete completed

with landing beam, landing slab, and added with railing and
balustrades that is made up of mild steel as requested by client

3. EXTERNAL WALLS The walls will be half brickwall thick (115mm), plastered 20mm
thick onto bothsides of the wall and reinforced with mild steel
and high tensile bar reinforcement reinforced concrete grade 25

4. WINDOWS AND A sliding door with aluminium frame and top hung window will
EXTERNAL DOOR be required. Along with decorative solid timber door also with
aluminium frame and top hung window and also casement
window.

5. INTERNAL WALLS The wall will be half brickwall thick (115mm) with cement and
& PARTITIONS plastered on both sides complete with concrete grade 25
reinforcement

6. INTERNAL DOOR The doors will be made consists of plywood flush door, pvc
door and timber louvred door all installed with steel frame.

5
 FINISHES

7. INTERNAL WALL Finishing is consisting of cement and sand plastering, ceramic

wall tiles. While the painting will be made of one sealer coat,
one undercoat and two finishing coat of approved emulsion
paint to ceiling level.

8. INTERNAL FLOOR The floor will be finished with either ceramic tiles or grade A
timber strip flooring

9. INTERNAL The ceiling will be finished with water resistance fibrous plaster
CEILING FINISHES ceiling and completed with ‘Brefil’ plaster skim coat

10. EXTERNAL External finishes will be consisting of cement and sand plaster,
FINISHES porcelain tiles granite stone veneer, ceiling wil be using
‘superflat’ sheeting. Along with fibrous plaster ceiling that is
completed with ‘Brefil’ skim coat.

11. SANITARY The client requires a pedestal water closet, with wall hung wash
APPLIANCES basin, hand basin tap, toilet roll holder, pillar tap, bib tap,
shower rose, stainless steel kitchen sink, stainless floor grating
and also mirror. All the sanitary appliances are from brand DOE
which is a Malaysian brand.

Table 1 : Shows the specification by element of the proposed project

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3.0 PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATING METHOD

3.1 FLOOR AREA METHOD

3.1.1 INTODUCTION

Floor area method is the most popular preliminary estimating method. Floor area method of
estimating facilities costs is frequently used in building and residential home construction. This
method is an approximate cost obtained by using an estimated price for each unit of gross floor
area. The main reason for the popularity of the area method is its simplicity.

Gross floor area is the total enclosed area and unenclosed area at all building floor levels. It is
measured in square meters (m2). The floor area of the proposed structure is obtained and then
multiplied by a suitable rate. This rate of construction per square meter of floor area is worked out
by dividing the known cost of construction of a similar building by the floor area of that building.

3.1.2 ADJUSTMENT FACTOR

In order to complete this method, we had found the price of similar project from the Elemental
Cost Analysis (ECA) to make the proposed cost target for the project. At this stage, there no
detailed drawings are provided. The client just stated the requirement and the QS should take an
action to produce estimation of the purposed project. So, as the tender date of the previous ECA
are different so the rate of cost/m2 in each ECA must be rationalized to the current year which is
in 2017 and to the current location of the purpose project which in Johor Bahru by using adjustment
factors.

7
 The table below shows the previous project we are referred to as our basis of estimate cost and
their adjustment factor of each ECA previous project to be rationalized.

ECA 1 ECA 2 ECA 3

Project Name Construction And Construction And Construction And

Completion Of 2-Storey Completion Of 1 unit Completion Of 1 unit 2-
Bungalows Bandar 2-Storey Bungalows, Storey Bungalow
Kinrara, Daerah Daerah Hulu Langat, House, Persiaran Maju,
Petaling, Selangor. Selangor. Pulau Pinang.

Tender Year 2002 2005 2009

Index Analysis Tender 312.56 312.56 446.03

Index At Outline Cost 494.71 494.71 494.71

Plan

Location Factor 1.00 1.00 1.02

(Analysis Tender)

Location Factor 0.91 0.91 0.91

(Purposed Project)

Adjustment Factor 1.80 1.44 1.09

Note : Detailed calculation can refers to appendix

Table 2 : Shows the adjustment factor and its data from previous project

8
3.1.3 BREAKDOWN OF COST

3.1.3.1 AVERAGE COST/M2 BASED ON PREVIOUS ECA

Table below shows the breakdown of cost/m2 from the previous project before and after
adjustment including with the average cost/m2 of the proposed project.
ECA 1 ECA 2 ECA 3
PROJECT NAME : BANDAR KINRARA, KUALA LANGAT, PERSIARAN MAJU,
AVERAGE
SELANGOR SELANGOR PULAU PINANG
COST
GROSS FLOOR AREA : 355 m2 346 m2 398 m2
ADJUSTMENT FACTOR : 1.80 1.44 1.09
Cost per Cost per Cost per Cost per Cost per Cost per Cost per
ELEMENT m2 GFA m2 GFA m2 GFA m2 GFA m2 GFA m2 GFA m2 GFA
RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
2002 2017 2005 2017 2009 2017 2017
1 Substructure
1.A. Piling - - 69.81 100.53 51.80 56.46 52.00
1.B. Work Below Lowest Floor Finish 97.31 175.15 28.61 41.20 153.90 167.75 128.00
Group Element Total : 97.31 175.15 98.42 141.73 205.69 224.21 180.00
2. Superstructure - - - - - -
2.A. Frame 62.30 112.15 191.55 275.83 70.00 76.30 155.00
2.B. Upper floor 28.46 51.22 61.39 88.40 59.89 65.28 68.00
2.C. Roof 116.47 209.65 62.46 89.94 134.80 146.94 149.00
2.D. Stairs 20.08 36.15 18.36 26.44 17.43 19.00 27.00
2.E. External Walls 26.56 47.81 37.87 54.54 31.51 34.34 46.00
2.F. Windows and External doors 70.27 126.49 39.89 57.45 97.63 106.42 97.00
2.G. Internal Walls & Partitions 17.73 31.91 37.35 53.78 30.53 33.28 40.00
2.H. Internal Doors 33.04 59.47 38.79 55.85 50.44 54.98 57.00
Group Element Total : 374.92 674.86 487.66 702.23 492.23 536.53 638.00
3. Finishes - - - - - -
3.A. Internal Wall Finishes 61.36 110.45 41.54 59.81 104.76 114.19 95.00
3.B. Internal Floor Finishes 127.22 229.00 84.98 122.38 123.40 134.50 162.00
3.C. Internal Ceiling Finishes 43.04 77.46 23.54 33.90 12.88 14.04 42.00
3.D. External finishes 61.40 110.51 30.87 44.46 99.30 108.24 88.00
3.E. Sundries 20.03 36.06 - - - - 12.00
Group Element Total : 313.04 563.48 180.94 260.55 340.34 370.97 398.00
4. Fittings and Furnishings - - - - - -
5. Services
5.A. Sanitary Appliances 29.30 52.74 53.97 77.71 26.55 28.94 53.00
5.B. Plumbing Installation 70.10 126.17 32.34 46.57 40.78 44.45 72.00
5.C. Refuse Disposal - - 43.35 62.43 - - 21.00
5.D. Air-Conditioning & Ventilation - - 36.88 53.11 - - 18.00
System Installation
5.E. Electrical 30.65 55.16 - - - - 18.00
5.F. Fire Fighting Installation - - 28.90 41.62 - - 14.00
5.G. Lift & Conveyor Installation - - - - - - -
5.H. Communication Installation - - - - - - -
5.I. Special Installation 24.86 44.74 - - 26.55 28.94 25.00
5.J. Builder's Profit and Attendance 0.75 1.34 - - 13.72 14.95 5.00
on Services
5.K. Builder's Work in Connection - - - - - - -
with Services
Group Element Total : 155.64 280.15 195.44 281.43 107.60 117.29 226.00
Sub-total excluding External Works,
940.92 1,693.65 962.46 1,385.94 1,145.86 1,248.99 1,443.00
Preliminaries and Contingencies
6. External works - - - - - -
6.A. Site work 251.50 452.70 2.31 3.33 117.76 128.36 195.00
6.B. Drainage 136.72 246.10 28.67 41.29 38.39 41.84 110.00
6.C. External services - - 3.47 4.99 11.57 12.61 6.00
6.D. Ancillary Buildings - - 12.43 17.90 - - 6.00
6.E. Recreational Facilities - - 11.63 16.74 - - 6.00
Group Element Total : 388.23 698.81 58.51 84.25 167.72 182.81 322.00
Preliminaries 69.95 125.91 72.83 104.88 102.90 112.16 114.00
TOTAL 1,399.09 2,518.37 1,093.80 1,575.07 1,416.48 1,543.96 1,879.00
NOTE :
COST/M2 (2017) = COST/M2 (OLD YEAR) X ADJUSTMENT FACTOR
AVERAGE COST/M2 = ( COST/M2 ECA 1 (2017) + COST/M2 ECA 2 (2017) + COST/M2 ECA 3(2017) )÷3

Table 3 : Average cost/m2 based on previous ECA

9
 3.1.3.2 TARGET COST FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT

After the average of the cost/m2 have been obtained. The average cost/m2 have been
used as the guideline of cost target for the proposed project. The table below shows the target
cost/m2 and the target total cost of the element for the proposed project. So, the total target cost
for the proposed project is about RM 744,084.00.
GFA PROPOSED PROJECT : 396 m2
PROJECT NAME :
TARGET ELEMENT TARGET TOTAL
COST/M2 GFA ELEMENT COST

1 Substructure
1.A.Piling 52.00 20,592.00
1.B.Work Below Lowest Floor Finish 128.03 50,701.00
Group Element Total : 180.00 71,280.00
2. Superstructure
2.A.Frame 155.00 61,380.00
2.B.Upper floor 68.00 26,928.00
2.C.Roof 149.00 59,004.00
2.D.Stairs 27.00 10,692.00
2.E.External Walls 46.00 18,216.00
2.F.Windows and External doors 97.00 38,412.00
2.G.Internal Walls & Partitions 40.00 15,840.00
2.H.Internal Doors 57.00 22,572.00
Group Element Total : 659.00 260,964.00
3. Finishes
3.A.Internal Wall Finishes 95.00 37,620.00
3.B.Internal Floor Finishes 162.00 64,152.00
3.C.Internal Ceiling Finishes 42.00 16,632.00
3.D.External finishes 88.00 34,848.00
3.E.Sundries 12.00 4,752.00
Group Element Total : 398.00 157,608.00
4. Fittings and Furnishings -
5. Services
5.A.Sanitary Appliances 53.00 20,988.00
5.B.Plumbing Installation 72.00 28,512.00
5.C.Refuse Disposal 21.00 8,316.00
5.D.Air-Conditioning & Ventilation System 18.00 7,128.00
5.E.Electrical Installation 18.00 7,128.00
5.F.Fire Fighting Installation 14.00 5,544.00
5.G.Lift & Conveyor Installation - -
5.H.Communication Installation - -
5.I. Special Installation 25.00 9,900.00
5.J. Builder's Profit and Attendance on 5.00 1,980.00
Services Work in Connection with
5.K.Builder's - -
Services
Group Element Total : 226.00 89,496.00

Total of Building work 180.00 71,280.00

6. External works
6.A.Site work 195.00 77,220.00
6.B.Drainage 110.00 43,560.00
6.C.External services 6.00 2,376.00
6.D.Ancillary Buildings 6.00 2,376.00
6.E.Recreational Facilities 6.00 2,376.00
Group Element Total : 322.00 127,512.00
Total of building work + External 1,765.00 698,940.00
Preliminaries 114.00 45,144.00
TOTAL 1,879.00 744,084.00

Table 4 : Show the target cost/m2 and total target cost for the proposed project

10
 3.2 APPROXIMATE QUANTITY

3.2.1 INTRODUCTION

Approximate Quantities are an alternative form of Bills of Quantities and are prepared
early in the design process before a firm design is available. Generally, this method is considered
the best method to prepare the estimate. This is because it uses the short cut process as in the
preparation and pricing of the bills of quantities.

Contractors prepare a tender bid based on pricing a Bill of Approximate Quantities. This
is essentially a traditional Bill of Quantities but with the quantities assessed from professional
experience by the Quantity Surveyor rather than firmly measured, as would be the case with “Bills
of Quantities”.

Data required before using this method are as follow:

a. The sketches or preliminary working drawing.
b. Specifications
c. Current price rate or price index from cost data available.

The figure below show the example form of approximate quantity method:

Description Unit Rate Amount(RM)

Advantages of using Approximate Quantity method:

a. Allow early appointment of a contractor and access to experience in term of his
programming and buildability skills.
b. Enables an earlier start on site to be made than with Traditional Bills of Quantities.
c. Can incorporate Design and Build and Performance Specified works if required

11
3.2.2 COST SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
Based on the details drawings and requirement from client, preliminary estimate is
made by approximate quantity method. The table below show the summary of preliminary
estimate for the proposed project.

Table 5 : Show cost summary of the proposed project

12
4.0 COST ANALYSIS
Based on summary of proposed project on table above, we have did an analysis through every
element to identify which element have highest contributes to the overall cost project

4.1 COMPARISON OF COST TARGET AND DETAILED ESTIMATE

. Comparison between cost target and detailed estimate of proposed project have been
analysis and find out several item which have highest contribution to project.
TOTAL COST OF ELEMENT

%
COST DETAILED
ELEMENT DIFFERENCES DIFFERENCES
TARGET ESTIMATE

1 Substructure
1.A.Piling 20,592.00 - 20,592.00 100.00%
1.B.Work Below Lowest Floor Finish 50,688.00 113,104.20 (62,416.20) -123.14%
Group Element Total : 71,280.00 113,104.20 (41,824.20) -58.68%
2. Superstructure
2.A.Frame 61,380.00 51,620.44 9,759.56 15.90%
2.B.Upper floor 26,928.00 23,679.84 3,248.16 12.06%
2.C.Roof 59,004.00 22,252.28 36,751.72 62.29%
2.D.Stairs 10,692.00 9,108.00 1,584.00 14.81%
2.E.External Walls 18,216.00 17,598.24 617.76 3.39%
2.F.Windows and External doors 38,412.00 25,195.00 13,217.00 34.41%
2.G.Internal Walls & Partitions 15,840.00 24,916.32 (9,076.32) -57.30%
2.H.Internal Doors 22,572.00 11,522.20 11,049.80 48.95%
Group Element Total : 260,964.00 185,892.31 75,071.69 28.77%
3. Finishes
3.A.Internal Wall Finishes 37,620.00 44,940.00 (7,320.00) -19.46%
3.B.Internal Floor Finishes 64,152.00 60,460.65 3,691.35 5.75%
3.C.Internal Ceiling Finishes 16,632.00 8,142.50 8,489.50 51.04%
3.D.External finishes 34,848.00 18,776.10 16,071.90 46.12%
3.E.Sundries 4,752.00 - 4,752.00 100.00%
Group Element Total : 157,608.00 132,319.25 25,288.75 16.05%
4. Fittings and Furnishings
5. Services
5.A.Sanitary Appliances 20,988.00 12,076.00 8,912.00 42.46%
5.B.Plumbing Installation 28,512.00 19,785.60 8,726.40 30.61%
5.C.Refuse Disposal 8,316.00 - 8,316.00 100.00%
5.D.Air-Conditioning & Ventilation System 7,128.00 - 7,128.00 100.00%
5.E.Electrical Installation 7,128.00 23,859.00 (16,731.00) -234.72%
5.F.Fire Fighting Installation 5,544.00 - 5,544.00 100.00%
5.G.Lift & Conveyor Installation - - - -
5.H.Communication Installation - - - -
5.I. Special Installation 9,900.00 - 9,900.00 100.00%
5.J. Builder's Profit and Attendance on 1,980.00 - 1,980.00 100.00%
Services Work in Connection with
5.K.Builder's - - - -
Services
Group Element Total : 89,496.00 55,720.60 33,775.40 37.74%

Total of Building work 571,428.00 487,036.36 84,391.64 14.77%

6. External works
6.A.Site work 77,220.00 7,511.40 69,708.60 90.27%
6.B.Drainage 43,560.00 - 43,560.00 100.00%
6.C.External services 2,376.00 - 2,376.00 100.00%
6.D.Ancillary Buildings 2,376.00 - 2,376.00 100.00%
6.E.Recreational Facilities 2,376.00 - 2,376.00 100.00%
Group Element Total : 127,512.00 7,511.40 120,000.60 94.11%
Total of building work + External 698,940.00 494,547.76 204,392.24 29.24%
Preliminaries 45,144.00 24,727.39 20,416.61 45.23%
TOTAL 744,084.00 519,275.15 224,808.85 30.21%

*NOTE : DIFFERENCES = TOTAL COST OF ELEMENT (TARGET) - TOTAL COST OF ELEMENT (DETAILED
ESTIMATE)

Table 6 : Show the comparison of cost target and detailed estimate

13
 4.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE COST ANALYSIS

From the table 4.2.1, the overall we can see the different of the cost target and the
detailed estimate using approximate quantity is about RM 223,413.76 with the percentage
of 30.03%. So, it means that the difference of the cost we can use to allocate another
specification in terms of quantity, quality and client requirement.

Cost target Detailed estimated Percent changes

RM 744,084.00 RM520,670.24 30.03%

Table 7 : Show comparison of cost target and detailed estimated

For substructure elements, the amount for Work Below Lower Floor Finish
(WBLFF) in our detailed estimation is more than the cost target (RM50, 688.00 >RM113,
104.20) which is 123.14% higher than cost target (refer table 4.2.2). This is due to
requirement in detailed estimation design need raft foundation while the as the cost target
only assume that the proposed project uses of piling and pad footing. Uses of piling and pad
footing is cheaper than raft foundation. Raft foundation requires a lot of quantity in terms
of the concrete used in order to support the building load while the piling itself. Therefore,
this is why the raft foundation it is more expensive compared to piling and pad footing.

Cost target Detailed estimate

Detail Amount Detail amount

Piling and pad footing RM50,688.00 Raft footing RM 113,104.20

Table 8 : Show detail of Work Below Lower Floor Finishes

As for the roof element. It can be seen that the cost target is significantly higher
compared to the detailed estimate (refer table 4.2.3). This is due to the cost target using
branded roofing clay tiles which is more expensive while the detailed estimate, as it is
originally a semi d house which involves 80 units. Using a local clay tiles can give a huge

14
impact to the total cost of the project, therefore a local branded roofing clay tiles are used
for the project.

Cost target Detailed estimate

Detail Amount Detail Amount

Mounier Brand RM59,004.00 Assorted Brand RM 22,252.28

Table 9: Show detail of roof element

Other than that, for windows, this is due to the size and quality and quantity of
windows used for the building. The cost target, which is from a bungalow, uses a different
size of window and also more windows in quantity( refer to table 4.2.4). A bungalow uses
windows with larger size which makes it more expensive as compared to the ones used in a
semi-detached house.

Cost target Detailed estimate

Detail Amount Detail Amount

Higher quality and RM 38,412.00 Standard semi-D RM 25,195.00

quantity of window window’s type

Table 10 : Show detail of window element

As for the internal door, the amount in detailed estimation is much less than the cost
target. The detailed estimation, as it is derived from the Bills of Quantities uses PVC leaf
doors for certain part of the building( refer to table 4.2.5). While for the cost target, the
bungalow uses timber door for most part and no PVC door are used as it is a bungalow.
Also, the bungalow have more rooms therefore leads to more number of doors.

15
 Cost target Detailed estimate

Detail Amount Detail Amount

Higher quality and RM 22,572.00 Standard semi-D RM 11,522.00

quantity of doors door’s type

Table 11: Show detail of door element

Lastly, for internal wall finishes, the amount in cost target is again higher than the
detailed estimation (refer to table 4.2.6). The cost target, which is derived from a bungalow,
have more partitioning wall due to more rooms, therefore more wall finishes are needed.

Cost target Detailed estimate

Detail Amount Detail Amount

Lower quality of RM 15,840.00 more partition wall RM 24,916.00

finishes due to more room
required

Table 12 : Show detail of wall element

16
5.0 RECOMMENDATION

From the detailed cost plan, the amount is RM 744,084.00 while the budget that is
allocated for the proposed project is RM 520,670.24. From the observation of both
amounts, the differences is RM 223,413.76

Therefore there are excess of RM 223,413.76 to be used to ensure that all the funds
are used efficiently and completely. The differences of between the two amounts is due
to our project is a combination of two Semi Detached house and the Elemental Cost
Analysis that is referred to is from a bungalow. As generally known, bungalows is much
more expensive as compared to a Semi Detached House.

All the suggestion is in form of an upgrade in specification or addition of items to

ensure that all the allocation of budget is fully utilized.

The first suggestion is to use better known brands for sanitary fittings. Previously, the
brand used for all sanitary fittings are from ‘SERICITE’, a local brand. But, the brand
Johnson Suisse is guaranteed to have better quality and longer lasting compared to
‘SERICITE’.

SANITARY FITTINGS
Original Item Proposed Item
(SERICITE) (DOE)
GFA
TOTAL
COST RM12,076.00 RM19,674.20

Furthermore, for the Work Below Lower Floor Finish (WBLFF) item, it is more
economical to use piling and pad footing instead of using raft foundation. Raft
foundation uses more concrete which leads to more cost needed for the project.
Therefore, using piling and pad footing will be a better and economical solution.

17
 WBLFF
Original Item Proposed
(RAFT Item
FOUNDATION) (PILING)
GFA 396M2 396M2
TOTAL
COST RM71,014.68 RM19,800.00

Lastly, there are more suggestion that can be suggested but the suggestions above
involves the important aspects that needs consideration which is safety (ironmongeries),
durability (brand) and cost effective (WBLFF).

1. Use fair face brick for external wall for aesthetic purpose.
EXTERNAL WALL
Original Item
(COMMON Proposed Item
CLAY (FAIR FACED
BRICKWALL) BRICKWALL)
GFA
TOTAL
COST RM17,598.24 RM24,530.88

2. Even though, client does not require sort swimming pools, it is proposed just in case
of the client may be interested in having it.

SWIMMING POOL
Original Item Proposed Item
GFA
TOTAL
COST N/A RM54,000.00

3. The client may also want to change the specification of the staircase element from
using cement render finishes into the timber staircase system which is more aesthetic
and evergreen.

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 STAIRCASE FINISHES
Original Item Proposed Item
(CEMENT (TIMBER
RENDER) STAIRCASE)
GFA
TOTAL
COST RM9,108.00 RM14,256.00

4. Instead of using cow grass which is more cheap but high in maintenance, it is better
to use carpet grass as it has lower maintenance cost and carpet grass is also a good
choice for erosion control eventhough it is more expensive.

EXTERNAL WORKS

Original Item Proposed Item

(COW (CARPET
GRASS) GRASS)
GFA
TOTAL COST RM133.60 RM236.29

5. Allocate air-conditioning system to produce cool ventilation inside the building and
install active type fire protection system such as fire extinguisher, fire alarm and
water sprinkler.

AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM
Original Item Proposed Item
(NONE) (DAIKIN)
GFA
TOTAL
COST N/A RM25,317.27

So here are our summarized sums of our recommendations recorded into a table.
The client still have an additional budget of RM 52,300.00 to spent if agreeing to all of
the recommended items the have been suggested. For further detailed information
regarding the recommendation, the client can just observe the table provided below.

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6.0 REFERENCES

1. JUBM and Langdon Seah Sdn Bhd 2016 Construction Cost Handbook Malaysia 2016

2. Jadual Kadar Kerja Kejuruteraan Awam dan Bangunan Tahun 2016, Jabatan Kerja Raya

Malaysia

3. Construction Economics (Khairani Ahmad)

4. www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my as retrieved in 25th May 2016

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