BIOLOGY ASSESSMENT

NAME: ............................................................. TIME: 45 mins

1 (a) Sucrose is a disaccharide.

Fig. 1.1 shows how sucrose is broken down in a reaction with hydrochloric acid.

CH2OH
O O
H H HOCH2 H
H
OH H O H HO
HO CH2OH

H OH OH H
+H2O

CH2OH
O O
H H HOCH2 H
H
OH H H HO
HO OH HO CH2OH

H OH OH H
A B

Fig. 1.1

(i) Name the products, A and B, of the reaction shown in Fig. 1.1.

A ........................................................................................................................................

B ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Name the type of bond that is broken in the reaction shown in Fig. 1.1.

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(iii) State the type of reaction shown in Fig. 1.1.

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(b) When Benedict’s solution is added to a sucrose solution and put into a boiling water-bath, no
change in colour is observed.

State why no colour change is observed.

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[Total: 6]
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2 (a) Fig. 2.1 is a transmission electron micrograph showing two adjacent cells in a leaf.

cell wall

Fig. 2.1

(i) Cellulose is the main polysaccharide in cell walls of plants.

Describe the structure of cellulose.

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(ii) State one feature visible in Fig. 2.1, other than the cell wall, that identifies the cells as
plant cells.

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Water is a main component of plant cells.

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows two water molecules linked by a hydrogen bond.

O hydrogen bond
H H
O
H H

Fig. 2.2

Explain how hydrogen bonding occurs between water molecules.

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(c) Suggest why water is an excellent solvent for ions.

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[Total: 8]
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3. Fig. 3 shows the reaction to form triglycerides.

Fig. 3
(a) With reference to Fig. 3,
(i) name the molecules A and B;
A......................................................................................................
B....................................................................................................[2]
(ii) state the name of the reaction shown.
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(b) Animals and plants store triglycerides as energy reserves.
Explain the advantages of storing triglycerides as energy reserves rather than carbohydrates, such as
starch.
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[Total : 5]