LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Lab No. Lab Title

1. Introduction to DMM, DC power supply, bread board and safety precautions

Introduction and demonstration of resistor types, color‐coding and power

2.
rating determination

3. Experimental verification of Ohm’s law

4. Experimental verification of Kirchhoff’s laws

Implementation of series resistive circuits and verification of voltage divider

5.
rule
Implementation of parallel resistive circuits and verification of current
6.
divider rule

7. Solving DC circuits using mesh analysis

8. Experimental verification of superposition theorem for DC circuits

9. Experimental verification of Thevenin’s theorem for DC circuits

10. Experimental verification of Norton’s theorem for DC circuits

Experimental verification of maximum power transfer theorem for DC

11.
circuits

12. Demonstration of Circuit Analysis techniques using computer aided tools

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 1
 International Islamic University Islamabad
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Circuit Analysis-I Lab(EE100L)

Experiment # 01: (Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board &
safety precautions)

Name of Student: …………………………………..

Reg#………………………………………………….

Section: ………………………………………………….

Date of Experiment: ………………………………

Marks obtained: ……………………………………

Instructor’s Signature: …………………………..

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 2
 Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety
Precautions

Safety Precautions:

Attention and adherence to safety considerations is even more important in a power electronics
laboratory than it’s required in any other undergraduate electrical engineering laboratories. Power
electronic circuits can involve voltages of several hundred volts and currents of several tens of
amperes. By comparison the voltages in all other teaching laboratories rarely exceed 20V and the
currents hardly ever exceed a few hundred milliamps.
In order to minimize the potential hazards, we will use dc power supplies that have output voltage
in the range of 40-50V and will have maximum current ratings less than 5-10A. However in spite
of this precaution, power electronics circuits on which the student will work may involve
substantially larger voltages (up to hundreds of volts) due to the presence of large inductances in
the circuits and the rapid switching on and off of high current in the inductances. For example a
boost converter can have an output voltage that can theoretically go to infinite value if it is operating
without load. Moreover the currents in portions of some converter circuits may be many times larger
than the currents supplied by the dc supplies powering the converter circuits. A simple buck
converter is an example of a power electronics circuit in which the output current may be much
larger than the dc supply current.

1. Use only the equipment mentioned in the lab manual.

2. Students are not allowed to use any equipment without proper orientation and actual hands
on equipment operation.
3. Equipment should not be removed, transferred to any location without permission from the
laboratory staff.
4. Make sure that all equipment is working correctly and that no power cords are frayed or cut.
Any defective equipment must be reported immediately to the lab instructor or lab technical
staff.
5. Power supply terminals connected to any circuit are only energized in the presence of the
instructor or lab staff.
6. Keep a safe distance from the circuit breakers or any moving parts during the
experiment.
7. Avoid any part of your body to be connected to the energized circuit and ground.

8. Switch off the equipment and disconnect the power supplies from the circuit before leaving
the laboratory.

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 3
 9. Wear proper clothes and safety gloves or goggles required in working areas that
involves fabrication of printed circuit boards, chemicals process control system, antenna
communication equipment and laser facility laboratories.
10. Consider all sources of RF energy as potential hazards.

11. Use electrolytic capacitors with caution.

12. Double check your circuit connections specifically in handling motors and generators before
switching the power supply ON.
13. Make sure that the last connection to be made in your circuit is the power supply and first
thing to be disconnected is also the power supply.
14. Know the location of fire extinguishers, circuit breakers and panic safety switches.

15. Computer games are not allowed in any computer laboratory.

Objectives:
To learn the usage of tools/equipment in circuit analysis-I laboratory like DMM, Breadboard,
power supply and perceive basic knowledge base about general safety rules.
Equipment Required:
• Digital Multimeter
• Bread Board
• DC Power Supply
• Resistor 1kΩ, 2kΩ

Theory:

Digital Multi-meter (DMM):

Basic parameters which most of the DMMs are capable of measuring includes:
• Resistance
• DC Voltage and Current
• AC Voltage and Current

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 4
Some DMMs provide special functions, such as: transistor or diode tests, measurement of
Capacitance and Induction, frequency measurement etc.

1. Use of Digital Multimeter (DMM)

How to Measure Resistance
• Rotate the knob of digital Multimeter from OFF to Ω.
• Connect the red and black leads across the resistor.
• The resulting value will appear on the display.
NOTE: The unit for resistance is Ohm (symbol Ω). The bigger units are Kilo Ohm (symbol KΩ)
and Mega Ohm (symbol MΩ).

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 5
How to Make DC Voltage Measurements
• Rotate the knob from OFF to V.
• Verify that the red lead plugs into the V jack and the black lead plugs into the COM jack.
• To make a measurement, connect the tip of the red lead and the tip of the black lead across
the points where you want to measure voltage (potential difference). A positive meter
reading means the point where the red tip is connected is higher in voltage than the point
where the black tip is connected.
NOTE: The unit for voltage is the volt (symbol V). Smaller units of voltage are the millivolt
(10-3 volt) symbol mV, and the microvolt (10-6 volt) symbol μV.

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 6
How to Make DC Current Measurements.
• Rotate the knob to A.
• Verify that the red lead plugs into the A (or mA) jack and the black lead plugs into the COM
jack.
• To make a current measurement, the tip of the red lead and the tip of the black lead must be
inserted in series with the element whose current is to be measured. A positive meter reading
means the point where the red tip is connected has current entering it.
NOTE: The unit for current is the ampere (symbol A – upper case). Smaller units of current
are the milliampere (10-3 ampere) symbol mA, and the microampere
(10-6 ampere) symbol μA.

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 7
2. Introduction to DC Power Supply
The dc power supply has both variable and fixed dc voltage sources. In case of variable
supply the voltage can be set to desired level by rotating the voltage control knob between 0
to 25V DC. Fixed DC voltage source of +5V, +12V, -5V and -12V are also available on the
trainer.

• Press the Power On button.

• If using the variable dc supply, connect the red lead with + and the black lead with ground
terminal.
• The voltage and current can be set to desired level by rotating the knobs & the resulting
value appears on the display.
• If using the fixed Volts supply, connect red lead with + and black with - /GND terminal.

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 8
3. Introduction to Bread Board

The Bread Board is the white board with holes. The components and wiring is inserted in these
holes. No soldering is involved so the components and the wiring can be easily removed and
reconnected.
The Bread Board is divided in to strips. There are two types of strips seen on the bread board. The
‘Thin’ strips are used to distribute power, ground and clock signals across the Bread Board. To use

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 9
the Bread Board place the four terminals (black, red, yellow and green) on the left hand side. These
four terminals are used to connect the power leads from power supply.

Five horizontal Thin strips:

Each horizontal strip (Thin strip) has two rows of holes. The two rows are divided in to two sections
A and B. The upper row in section A is divided into five groups of holes (25 holes) that are internally
connected to each other. Similarly all the five groups of holes in the bottom row of section A are
connected to each other. There is no connection between the holes in the upper row and the holes in
the bottom row. Similarly, the five groups of 25 holes in the upper and bottom row of section B are
internally connected. There is no connection between any of the four row segments.
Two vertical Thin Strips:
Each vertical strip is identical to the horizontal strips described above. Like the horizontal strips,
each of the two vertical strips has four column segments.
Four horizontal Thick Strips:
Each of the four horizontal strips (thick strips) is divided in to two with a notch in the middle. There
are a total of 10 rows of holes, five on each side of the notch. If you look carefully, the rows are A
to J. The internal connection of the holes is different from the connections in the thin strips. Here
the holes are connected together column wise rather than row wise. The columns have been
numbered from 1 to 64. Thus for example, all the five holes (rows A to E) in the column 1 are
connected together and all the five holes (rows F to J) in column 1 are connected together. There is
no connection between holes on one side of the notch with holes on other side of the notch.

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 10
Procedure:

1) Pick up the resistors and measure their resistances.

Resistor R1 R2

Measured Value

2) Connect the circuit on bread board as shown in following figure:

3) Measure the following readings and record them in the table given below.

Battery Voltage E=

Voltage drop across R1 V1=

Voltage drop across R2 V2=

Current through the circuit I=

Experiment # 01: Introduction to DMM, DC Power supply, bread board & safety precautions 11