‫جامعة كربالء‬

‫كلية الهندسة‬
‫قسم الهندسة المدني‬
‫المرحلة الرابعة‬
 Penetration Test

Objective s :
U

The penetration test is used to measure consistency of bituminous materials

expressed as the distance in tenths of millimeter that a standard needle
vertically penetrates a sample of the materials under known conditions of
loading, loading time and temperature.

. Test Condition U

• Load =100gm
• Time =5sec
• Temperature =25 ˚c

References : ASTM D5- 2006 and AASHTO T 49-2010:" Penetration of

U U

Bituminous Materials".

APPARATUS: U

1. Standard penetration test assembly

2. Penetration tins.
3. Transfer dish
4. Thermometer
5. Hot plate
6. Water bath
7. Timing device (stop watch)
Temperature:25

Penetration Time, sec: 5

Test Number Penetration Average

 Dial Reading, 0.1 mm

1 31.7

2 29.1

3 32.5

4 29.5

5 27

Discussion:
After the examination was obtained by the highest readers is 32.5 and
the values of the gas are 32.5-27 = 5.5 where the standard says that the
structure of the stitches between (0-49) to the previous results of the
standard shows that the scan descriptions are not within the DC-ASTM,
the difference between the highest and the tightness must not exceed 2.

Ductility Test

Objective :
U

The ductility test is used to describe the ductile and tensile behavior of
bituminous binders. The test, which is normally performed at ambient
temperature, is believed to reflect the homogeneity of the binder and its ability to
flow.
Test Condition: U
 • Temperature =25 ˚C
• Rate of pulling = 5 cm/min

References : ASTM D 113- 99 and AASHTOT 51-2006:" Standard Test Method

U U

for Ductility of Bituminous Materials ".

Apparatus: U

1. Ductility testing machine, (see Fig. 2-1).

2. Ductility mold and plate, (see Fig. 2-2)
3. Water path 4. Thermometer.
5. Hot plate 6. Spatula.

Discussion:

Checking clouds for asphalt is very important at the workplace so that it can be
identified .The asphalt is bonded with aggregates with coarse and soft materials
After the examination, it was found that the model conforms to the specification

Softening Point Test

Objective s :
U

• The softening point test is used to measure and specify the

temperature at which bituminous binders begin to show fluidity.
• The softening point is also an indicative of the tendency of the
material to flow at elevated temperatures encountered in service.
• For calculating the penetration index (PI) of the grade asphalt.

Test Condition: U
 • Select freshly boiled distilled water for softening point between (30-
80) C, and USPglycerin for softening point (above 80 ᵒ C up to 157 ᵒ C).
P
ᵒ
P P P P P

• Use ethylene glycol for softening point between 30 ᵒ C and 110 ᵒ C. P P P P

• The temperature of the liquid must raised 5 ᵒ C/ min. P P

• The maximum variation for any 1-min. after the first 3 minutes shall
be 0.5 ᵒ C. P P

References : ASTM D36- 95 and AASHTOT53- 06 :" Standard test method for
U U

softening point bitumen (Ring and Ball Apparatus)".

Apparatus: U

1. Standard ring and ball apparatus assembly as Fig. (4-1) and Fig. (4-
2)
2. Heat source
3. Pouring plate treated with a mixture of glycerin and dextrin
4. Thermometer
5. Forceps

Discussion :
The softness of asphalt is set to high temperature as the asphalt gradually turns

from a state To a semi-solid state and then to the liquidity situation.

This experiment is useful to determine the degree of heating in the tests

Such as examining stitches and others, and knowing the tendency of asphalt to

form at high temperatures .Demonstrates on the road

In this experiment the results were identical to the standard limits, but an
experiment error may occur as a result of non-cooling
Asphalt before the test or raise the temperature at high speed without the
gradual lift or rust of iron balls

.Used in the inspection apparatus or being non-standard

Viscosity Test

Objective : U

• Empirical procedure for determining viscosity of petroleum products at

specified temperature (21-99) ᵒC.

References : ASTM D88-99 :

U U "Standard test method for viscosity".

Apparatus: U

1. viscosity test assembly

2. Receiving flask,
3. Thermometer
4. Stop watch

Try1

T = 135C°
Torque =32.5 %
Speed =100 r/min
Shear stress = 276.3 dune/cm
Rate of shear = 34 1/s
Try2

T = 165 C°
Torque = 15.1 %
Speed =100 r/min
Shear stress = 128.4 dune/cm
Rate of shear = 85 1/s

Flash and Fire Point Test

Objective s :
U

• To determine the flash and fire points of all petroleum products,

except fuel oils and materials having an expected flash point below 79 ᵒC.
P P

• The flash and fire points indicate the materials combustibility. The
fumes from the material at the flash point temperatures are explosive.

Definitions : U
 1. Flash point: the lowest temperature corrected to a barometric
pressure of 760 mm Hg at which application of the flame causes the vapor
of specimen to ignite under specified conditions of test.
2. Fire point: the lowest temperature at which a specimen will sustain
burning for 5 sec.

Test Condition: U

For petroleum products except fuel oils and materials having an expected flash
point below 79 ᵒC. P P

References : ASTM D92-99 and AASHTO T 48-96

U U "Standard test method
for flash and fire points using Cleveland open cup".

Apparatus: U

1. Cleveland open cup- apparatus Fig. (6-1) A.

Test cup
B. Test flame applicator
C. Heater
D. Support
E. Shield for wind protection
2. Thermometer

:Results

The temperature at which the flash has reached = 330 ° C

The temperature at which the ignition has reached = 350 ° C

: Discussion

Theasphalt level is defined as the thermal degree at which the rising vapor starts
from the asphalt

.Hot when any flame approaches them

When the Engineer is responsible for a particular work location, it is his
responsibility to provide safety for the staff present there

As is known, the asphalt material is somewhat hazardous to contain different

gases that ignite upon arrival

To certain temperatures and this may lead to different damage, so this

examination is performed

To ensure safety and prevent damage.