BIOL1364- INTRODUCTORY GENETICS TUTORIAL NO-4

LINKAGE ANALYSIS

1. Why is genetic linkage not considered a modifying factor? Indicate two other phenomena
that you have learned that are also not considered modifying factors? (3 marks)

2. If the recombination percentage between two genes linked in the coupling phase is ‘r’. What
will be the recombination percentage if they were linked in the repulsion phase? (1 mark)

3. If linked genes violate Mendel's second principle, which gametes will be predominant if the
two genes (A and B) were linked in the repulsion phase? (2 marks)

4. Which genotypes will be predominant in a testcross involving two genes linked in the
coupling phase? (4 marks)

5. If chiasma frequency is ‘r’, what is the recombination frequency and the frequency of one
of the parental gametes? (4 marks)

6. Look at the diagram below: Genes X and Y are found on chromosome-5 of okra.
X Y

x y

a. What is the product of a single crossover between X and Y? (1 mark)

b. What is the product of a double crossover between X and Y? (1 mark)

c. What is the major disadvantage of using a two-point linkage analysis? (3 marks)

d. Which linkage analysis addresses the deficiency of two-point linkage? (1 mark)

7. If a good character is linked to an undesirable character in a crop plant, what strategy do you
suggest for removing the bad character? (1 mark)

8. Two-point linkage analysis (testcross data)

Two genes control pod length and colour in Species Q. Gene A- codes for purple colour, aa
for green colour; B- codes for long pod and bb for short pod. A true breeding pure purple, long
pod variety was crossed with a true breeding green, short pod variety. When the F1 plants
were testcrossed with a true breeding green, short pod variety, clones with the following
phenotypes were obtained: AaBb = 100; Aabb = 21; aaBb =30; aabb = 84
a. What is the recombination %? (2 marks)
b. What is the genotype of the F1 parent? (1 mark)
 c. What is the linkage relationship? (1 mark)
d. What is the distance between the two genes? (1 mark)

9. Two-point linkage analysis (F2 data)

GgHh x GgHh yields the following progenies:
G-H- = 165; G-hh =40; ggH- =47; gghh = 4
a. What is the recombination percentage between genes G and H? (8 marks)
b. What is the distance between genes G and H? (1 mark)
c. What is the linkage relationship between the genes? (1 mark)
d. Find the genotype of the original parents? (2 marks)

Three point linkage analysis

10. Genetic analysis has shown that the recessive genes an (Anther ear), br (brachytic) and f (fine
stripe) are all found on chromosome #1 of maize. When a plant that is heterozygous for each of
these markers is testcrossed with a homozygous recessive plant, the following results are
obtained:

Testcross Progeny Numbers:

wild type- 3 (+++)

fine- 48 (++f)
brachytic- 400 (+br+)
brachytic fine – 42 (+brf) Total Offsprings = 1000
anther -45 (an++)
anther fine -402 (an+f)
anther brachytic -56 (anbr+)
anther brachytic fine- 4 (anbrf)
a. Calculate recombination frequencies between each of these three pairs of genes. (14
marks)

b. Draw a genetic map for the location of these 3 genes on chromosome #1 of maize. Be sure
to show the map distances between each loci. (4 marks)

c. Calculate the interference. (4 marks)

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