tensor calculus

02 - tensor calculus - tensor the word tensor was introduced

in 1846 by william rowan hamilton. it was
tensor algebra used in its current meaning by woldemar
voigt in 1899. tensor calculus was deve-
loped around 1890 by gregorio ricci-curba-
stro under the title absolute differential
calculus. in the 20th century, the subject
came to be known as tensor analysis, and
achieved broader acceptance with the intro-
duction of einsteins's theory of general
relativity around 1915. tensors are used
also in other fields such as continuum
mechanics.

02 - tensor calculus 1 tensor calculus 2

tensor calculus - repetition vector algebra - notation

• vector algebra
• einstein‘s summation convention
notation, euklidian vector space, scalar product, vector
product, scalar triple product
• tensor algebra
notation, scalar products, dyadic product, invariants, trace,
determinant, inverse, spectral decomposition, sym-skew • summation over any indices that appear twice in a term
decomposition, vol-dev decomposition, orthogonal tensor
• tensor analysis
derivatives, gradient, divergence, laplace operator, integral
transformations

tensor calculus 3 tensor calculus 4

 vector algebra - notation vector algebra - euklidian vector space
• euklidian vector space
• kronecker symbol

• is defined through the following axioms

• permutation symbol
• zero element and identity

• linear independence of if
is the only (trivial) solution to

tensor calculus 5 tensor calculus 6

vector algebra - euklidian vector space vector algebra - euklidian vector space
• euklidian vector space equipped with norm • euklidian vector space equipped with
euklidian norm

• norm defined through the following axioms

• representation of 3d vector

with coordinates (components) of relative to

the basis

tensor calculus 7 tensor calculus 8

 vector algebra - scalar product vector algebra - vector product
• euklidian norm enables definition of scalar (inner) product • vector product

• properties of scalar product

• properties of vector product

• positive definiteness
• orthogonality

tensor calculus 9 tensor calculus 10

vector algebra - scalar triple product tensor algebra - second order tensors
• scalar triple product • second order tensor

area
volume
with coordinates (components) of relative to
• properties of scalar triple product the basis
• transpose of second order tensor

• linear independency

tensor calculus 11 tensor calculus 12

 tensor algebra - second order tensors tensor algebra - third order tensors
• second order unit tensor in terms of kronecker symbol • third order tensor

with coordinates (components) of relative to the

basis
with coordinates (components) of relative
• matrix representation of coordinates to the basis

• third order permutation tensor in terms of permutation

symbol
• identity

tensor calculus 13 tensor calculus 14

tensor algebra - fourth order tensors tensor algebra - fourth order tensors
• fourth order tensor
• symmetric fourth order unit tensor

• screw-symmetric fourth order unit tensor

with coordinates (components) of
relative to the basis
• volumetric fourth order unit tensor
• fourth order unit tensor

• transpose of fourth order unit tensor • deviatoric fourth order unit tensor

tensor calculus 15 tensor calculus 16

 tensor algebra - scalar product tensor algebra - scalar product
• scalar (inner) product • scalar (inner) product

of second order tensor and vector

of two second order tensors and
• zero and identity
• positive definiteness • zero and identity
• properties of scalar product • properties of scalar product

tensor calculus 17 tensor calculus 18

tensor algebra - scalar product tensor algebra - dyadic product

• scalar (inner) product • dyadic (outer) product

of two vectors introduces second order tensor

of two second order tensors
• properties of dyadic product (tensor notation)
• scalar (inner) product

of fourth order tensors and second order tensor

• zero and identity

tensor calculus 19 tensor calculus 20

 tensor algebra - dyadic product
• dyadic (outer) product

of two vectors introduces second order tensor

• properties of dyadic product (index notation)

tensor calculus 21