ENPH 131 Assignment #3

Solutions

Problem 12.72
The velocity of a particle is v ! !3 i " "6 # 2 t# j$ m % s, where t is in seconds. If r ! 0 when t ! 0, determine the displacement
of the particle during the time interval t ! 2 s to t ! 6 s.

Use eqn 12-7:

v $t ! $r

& !3 i " "6 # 2 t# j$ ! t " ! $ r

t r

r ! 3 ti " '6 t # t2 ( j
0 0

%r ! "18 i " "36 # 36# j# # "6 i " "12 # 4# j#

%r ! r"t ! 6# # r"t ! 2#

%r ! 12 i # 8 j

%x ! 12 m
%y ! # 8 m

Tutorial Problem (Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular

Components)

r ! )#*30.0 cos' 10.0 t(+ i " *30.0 sin' 10.0 t(+ j # "Az t# k, ft, where Az ! 11.0 ft % s.
A car drives on a curved road that goes down a hill. The car’s position is defined by the position vector,
Π Π

a) The image shows the system projected onto the x-y plane. What are the car’s velocity and acceleration vectors at this
position?
2 ENPH 131 assignment 3 solutions.nb

b) What is the magnitude, v, of the car’s velocity, v, at t ! 1.00 s?

$r
v!
v ! $t )#*30.0 cos' 10.0 t(+ i " *30.0 sin' 10.0 t(+ j # "Az t# k,
$t
$ Π Π

v ! *3 Πsin' 10.0 t(+ i " *3 Πcos' 10.0 t(+ j # Az k

Π Π

At t ! 1.00 s

v ! v ! 'vx 2 " vy 2 " vz 2 ( 2

1

v ! -'3 Πsin' 10 (( " '3 Πcos' 10 (( " vz 2 . 2

1
Π 2 Π 2

v ! '"3 Π#2 " 112 ( 2

1

v " 14.5 ft " s

c) What is the magnitude, a , of the car’s acceleration, a, at t ! 1.00 s?

From above

v ! *3 Πsin' 10.0 t(+ i " *3 Πcos' 10.0 t(+ j # Az k

Π Π

$v
a!
)*3 Πsin' 10.0 t(+ i " *3 Πcos' 10.0 t(+ j # Az k,
$t
$ Π Π
a ! $t
a ! * 10 Π2 cos' 10.0 t(+ i # * 10 Π2 sin' 10.0 t(+ j
3 Π 3 Π

At t ! 1.00 s

a ! a ! 'ax 2 " ay 2 " az 2 ( 2

1

-' 10 cos' 10 (( " ' 10 sin' 10 ((

1
3 Π 2 3 Π 2
a! Π 2
Π 2
" 0. 2
3
a! Π2
a " 2.96 ft # s2
10
 ENPH 131 assignment 3 solutions.nb 3

Problem 12.78
Pegs A and B are restricted to move in the elliptical slots due to the motion of the slotted link.

a) If the link moves with a constant speed of 10 m % s, determine the magnitude of the velocity of peg A when x ! 1 m.

The position of peg A is governed by the equation

x2
4
" y2 ! 1

(1)

Therefore, the velocity of the peg is given by the derivative of eqn (1):
' '
2x x
4
"yy!0
' '
where x and y are vx and vy , respectively.

1
2
x vx " y vy ! 0

(2)

vx ! 10.0 m % s and is constant, x ! 1 m, and y is given by eqn (1):

x2
y2 ! 1 # 4
1
y2 ! 1 # 4

y ! ' 4 (2 m
1
3

Substitute these values into eqn (2):

1
2
x vx " y vy ! 0

"1# "10# " ' 4 ( 2 vy ! 0

1
1 3

m%s
2

/
#5
vy !
3

Finally, solve for the magnitude of the velocity vector:

v ! v x i " v y j " vz k

v ! v ! 'vx 2 " vy 2 " vz 2 ( 2

1

v ! -10 " - / . .2
1
2 #5 2
3
4 ENPH 131 assignment 3 solutions.nb

v ! v x i " v y j " vz k

v ! v ! 'vx 2 " vy 2 " vz 2 ( 2

1

v ! -102 " - / . . 2
1
#5 2

v " 10.4 m " s

3

b) Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of peg A when x ! 1 m.

The acceleration of the peg is given by the derivative of eqn (2):

'x x " x x( " 2 'y y " y y( ! 0

1 .. ' ' .. ' '
2

' ' .. ..
where x, y, x, and y are vx , vy , ax , and ay , respectively.

'x ax " vx 2 ( " 2 'y ay " vy 2 ( ! 0

1
2

/
vx ! 10.0 m % s and is constant, therefore ax ! 0, x ! 1 m, y ! / m % s:
3 #5
2
m, vy !
3

/
'0 " 102 ( " 2 - ay " - / . . ! 0
1 3 #5 2

ay ! #38.5 m 0 s2
2 2 3

And since ax ! az ! 0

a! a ! ay " 38.5 m # s2

Problem 12.82
A car travels east 4km for 7 minutes, then north 5km for 8 minutes, and then west 5km for 9 minutes.

a) Determine the total distance travelled.

stotal ! s1 " s2 " s3

stotal ! 4 " 5 " 5
stotal ! 14.0 km

b) Determine the magnitude of the displacement of the car.

Take EAST to be the +x-direction, and NORTH to be the +y-direction. Therefore

r!4i"5 j #5i
r ! #1 i " 5 j

%r ! r ! 'rx 2 " ry 2 " rz 2 ( 2

1

%r ! '"#1#2 " 52 " 0( 2

1

%r ! 5.10 km
 ENPH 131 assignment 3 solutions.nb 5

c) What is the magnitude of the average velocity?

Average velocity is given by

total displacement
vavg ! total time

"7"8"9# min
5.10 km
vavg !
vavg ! 0.212 km " min " 12.7 km " hr

d) What is the average speed?

Average speed is given by

total distance
vavg ! total time

"7"8"9# min
14 km
vavg !

vavg ! 0.583 km " min " 35.0 km " hr

Problem 12.85
A particle moves along the curve y ! x # - 400 ., where x and y are in ft.
x2

a) If the velocity component in the x-direction is 2ft/s and remains constant, determine the magnitude of the velocity when
x ! 17 ft.

The position of the particle is given by

y ! x # - 400 .
x2

(1)

The velocity of the particle is given by the derivative of eqn (1):

y ! x # - 200 .
' ' '
xx

vy ! vx # ' 200x (
xv

(2)

x ! 17 ft, vx ! 2 ft % s:

vy ! 2 # ' (
"17# "2#

vy ! 1.83 m % s
200

v ! v ! 'vx 2 " vy 2 " vz 2 ( 2

1

v ! '22 " 1.832 " 0( 2

1

v ! 2.71 ft " s
6 ENPH 131 assignment 3 solutions.nb

b) Determine the magnitude of the acceleration when x ! 17 ft.

The acceleration of the particle is given by the derivative of eqn (2):

'x x " x x(
.. .. 1 .. ' '
y!x#
'x ax " vx 2 (
200
1
ay ! ax # 200

vx ! 2 ft % s and is constant, therefore ax ! 0, x ! 17 ft:

'0 " 22 (
1
ay ! 0 #
ay ! #0.020 ft 0 s2
200

Since ax ! 0, the magnitude of the particle’s acceleration is

a! a ! ay " 0.020 ft # s2