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Helping to protect and restore the rivers and lakes of the southern Lake Michigan region
This is an adapted version of the successful Vermont Rain
Garden Manual applied to the local conditions to the South-
ern Lake Michigan region. The original 1st Edition of the Ver-
mont Rain Garden Manual was printed in 2008. Minor up-
dates were made for the 2nd Edition, published in 2009.
Contents
This manual is broken into sections to illustrate the step
by step process of building a rain garden. The sections
include:
Choosing a Location…………..………...... p. 3
Sizing Your Rain Garden……………..……. 4
Designing Your Rain Garden……….……... 6
Installing Your Rain Garden………..……... 7
Care & Maintenance………..…….……..... 9
This manual also includes:
An Introduction to Curb-Cut Rain
Gardens………………….……...……….... 10
Rain Garden Plant List*…...… 12
Sample Rain Garden Planting Plans…...…. 14
Rain Garden Plants for Shade and Clay
Soils …………………………………....…. 17
Hardiness Zone Map…………… 19
Choosing a Location
If capturing roof runoff, place the garden at least 10 feet away from the
building to prevent potential water seepage into the basement.
Do not place a rain garden over a septic tank or leach field. Capture runoff from your roof
Call 811 at least two days before digging to avoid underground pipes
and utilities.
Avoid disturbing tree roots. Trees may be injured by digging and may
not tolerate the additional soil moisture.
Capture runoff from a parking lot
Anemone Aquilegia Aristolochia Aronia Aronia Arisaema Asarum Asclepias Asclepias Asclepias
canadensis canadensis tomentosa arbutifolia melanocarpa triphyllum canadense incarnata sullivantii tuberosa
The Southern Lake Michigan Rain Garden Manual 3
Athyrium Baptisia Betula Boltonia Bouteloua Caltha Campanulastrum Carex Carex Carex
filix-femina alba nigra asteroides curtipendula palustris americanum crinita emoryi grayi
soil because it is
a rain event to clearly see
greater than 1.5”
the extent of the drainage
in length.
area.
Carex Carex Carex Carpinus Caulophyllum Celtis Cephalanthus Chelone Cinna Chamerion
muskingumensis stricta vulpinoidea caroliniana thalictroides occidentalis occidentalis glabra latifolia angustifolium
4 The Southern Lake Michigan Rain Garden Manual
Chasmanthium Comptonia Coreopsis Coreopsis Coreopsis Cornus Cornus Dalea Desmodium Dodecatheon
latifolium peregrina lanceolata palmata tripteris amomum sericea purpurea canadense meadia
height
Improve water quality
Table 2 Depth
Soil Type 3-5 in 6-7 in 8 in +
Sand 0.19 0.15 0.08
Silt 0.34 0.25 0.16
Clay 0.43 0.32 0.20
___________ X _____________ = _______________
Size Factor Drainage Area Rain Garden Area
Note: If the rain garden is > 74 ft away from the drainage area then the area of the rain
garden can be a half size smaller than calculated above. This is because a large amount
of stormwater will be absorbed along the pathway that leads to the rain garden.
Echinacea Enemion Eryngium Erythronium Eupatorium Eupatorium Euthamia Eutrochium Filipendula Gaylussacia
pallida biternatum yuccifolium americanum perfoliatum rugosum graminifolia maculatum rubra baccata
Hypericum Ilex Impatiens Iris Juncus Koeleria Liatris Liatris Liatris Lilium
kalmianum verticillata capensis virginica effusus macrantha aspera pycnostachya spicata michiganense
6 The Southern Lake Michigan Rain Garden Manual
Lindera Lobelia Lobelia Lobelia Lysimachia Maianthemum Mertensia Mimulus Mitella Monarda
benzoin cardinalis siphilitica spicata ciliata ssp. canadense virginica ringens diphylla fistulosa
Building on level ground: If the rain garden is built on level ground, the
profile of the garden can vary depending on available space and aes-
thetic preference. If space permits, the rain garden can have gently
sloping sides (See Figure 3). Note that soil conditions in the upper slope
Create a berm with landscaping stone of this type of rain garden may be too dry for a typical rain garden plant
to survive; a variety of upland plants might be appropriate here. If there
is not a lot of space, then the profile in Figure 4 might be appropriate.
Only plants that can tolerate very moist soil conditions should be plant-
ed in this type of rain garden. This design is common in urban settings
where a curb-cut is used to direct stormwater into the garden. A berm
does not need to be constructed in a rain garden that is built on level
ground because the stormwater is held in by the depression that is dug.
Excavated soil therefore should be removed from the site. Landscaping
stone or other edging material can be used to help hold water in the
Borders defined by edging
garden as well as to prevent grass from growing into the bed.
Nyssa Oligoneuron Onoclea Osmunda Osmunda Osmunda Ostrya Panicum Parthenium Penstemon
sylvatica riddellii sensibilis cinnamomea claytoniana regalis virginiana virgatum integrifolium digitalis
berm
add
dirt here
stone edging old lawn surface old lawn surface stone edging
added compost
Figure 3: Level bed with sloping edges. This design requires Figure 4: Level bed without sloping edges. Ideal design
more space. Only plants that can thrive in drier soil condi- for tight spaces.
tions can be planted on the upper slope of this type of rain
garden; typical rain garden plants will not thrive here. *Remember to build your rain garden 10ft away from*
the footer of your home
Ratibida Rhexia Rhus Rhus Rosa Rudbeckia Rudbeckia Rudbeckia Sagittaria Salix
pinnata virginica aromatica copallinum palustris fulgida var. speciosa hirta subtomentosa latifolia discolor
8 The Southern Lake Michigan Rain Garden Manual
Salix Sambucus Sanguinaria Schizachyrium Scirpus Senna Silene Silene Silphium Silphium
humilis nigra spp. canadensis canadensis scoparium atrovirens hebecarpa regia virginica integrifolium perfoliatum
Step 7: Mulch
Apply a 2-3” layer of mulch to help retain soil moisture and discourage weeds. A cubic
Plant
yard of mulch will cover a 100 square foot area with about three inches of mulch.
Solidago Solidago Sorghastrum Sporobolus Symphyotrichum Symphyotrichum Symphyotrichum Symphyotrichum Thelypteris Thuja
flexicaulis speciosa nutans heterolepis ericoides laeve novae-angliae puniceum noveboracensis occidentalis
Do I need a permit?
“Gar
deni Check with your local municipality for any po-
ng to tentially relevant ordinances.
Ab-
Step 4 (Size):
Table 2 Depth
Size Factor: (from table 2) Soil Type 3-5 in 6-7 in 8 in +
Sand 0.19 0.15 0.08
AD AQ CAM CP EPM HA OR
5 AD
8 EPM
Sizing Chart
5 HA Sq Ft Qty of Total Ex. Garden
5 OR Diff. Species Plant Qty Dimensions
3 AD
4 ACA
8’- 3”
5 CAM
6 EPM 50 3 24 6’ x 4’-6”
3 CAM
100 5 48 8’-6” x 6’-4”
6 CP 5 HA 3 OR 7 CP 150 7 72 18’-2” x 8’-3”
4 ACA
3 ACA 200 7 96 12’ x 9’
250 7 120 13’-5” x 10’
10’ - 4” 7’ - 10”
10 LCF
10 PV AT AN EP LCF PV VH
6 PV Sizing Chart
6 VH Sq Ft Qty of Total Plant Ex. Garden
8’- 3”
7 AT
Diff. Species Qty Dimensions
4 VH 50 4 21 6’ x 4’-6”
7 EP
6 AN
100 4 42 8’-6” x 6’-4”
10 LCF
7 EP 150 6 64 18’-2” x 8’-3”
8 LCF
200 6 85 12’ x 9’
10’ - 4” 7’ - 10” 250 6 106 13’-5” x 10’
Sizing Chart
EM FR LI PAV PD SS Sq Qty of Total Ex. Garden
Ft Diff. Species Plant Dimensions
Qty
50 3 19 5’ x 10’
3 LI 5 PD
5 FR 5 LI 100 5 37 16’-8” x 6’
5 EM 150 7 56 21’-5” x 7’
7’
21’-5”
7 ACA
5 AF
AA AC ACA AF CT CA LC
7 LC 2 CA
3 AC Sizing Chart
Sq Ft Qty of Total Plant Ex. Garden
Diff. Species Qty Dimensions
2 CA 7 AA
6 AF 50 3 20 8’ Diameter
6 AC
100 5 41 11’-4” Diameter
6 ACA 150 7 61 13’-9” Diameter
12 CT
200 7 82 16’ Diameter
250 7 103 17’-10” Diameter
13’-9”
CM 24 Carex muskingumensis Variegated Palm Sedge 2-3’ 2-3’ Spring, Summer, Fall
BC CM JE NS
BC
Sizing Chart
7’
50 2 19 5’ x 10’
100 2 to 3 37 16’-8” x 6’
150 4 56 21’-5” x 7’ 21’ - 5”
200 4 75 25’ x 8’
4 CAP
5 AC
3 HA AC AT AN BC CAP HA TR
5 BC
4 AN 3 HA
4 TR 4 TR Sizing Chart
8 AT Sq Ft Qty of Total Plant Ex. Garden
Diff. Species Qty Dimensions
4 CAP 4 BC
3 HA 5 AN 50 3 22 8’ Diameter
100 5 45 11’-4” Diameter
5 AC 150 7 68 13’-9” Diameter
5 BC
4 TR 200 7 90 16’ Diameter
250 7 113 17’-10” Diameter
13’-9”