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- The time a basin spends time on frontier exploration stage is based on two factors:
(1) Technical
o Climate
o Terrain
o Location of target (depth of water column, access to thick jungles, etc)
(2) Political
o Border dispute
o Financial constraints
o Licensing requirements
o Economic and political policies
1. ACQUISITION OF ACREAGE
o Early access
o Licensing process
o Licensing areas
o Farm ins and outs and other deals
2. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF DIRECT PETROLEUM INDICATORS
- Advantageous if can be done even before the acquisition of acreage
1. Seal Failure
Another way of knowing if there is petroleum in the area is by analyzing the seismic data.
Migration Mechanisms:
a. Lateral Migration
b. Vertical Migration
c. Effects of fractures and faults
d. Effects of salt
a. ACTIVE RIFTING - rifting can occur when a thermal plume or sheet impinges on the base of the
lithosphere. The lithosphere heats up, weakens, and can rift.
b. PASSIVE RIFTING – is the continental stretching and thinning, which has happened during all major
continental breakups.
Rift Basins
Passive Margins
- The style of basin development associated with convergent plate motion is highly varied,
and depends upon the interplay of several factors
Arc systems
- Arcs are characterized by six major components. From overridden oceanic plate to overriding plate,
these components are as follows:
A trench.
o Commonly more than 10km deep
o Contains pelagic deposits and fine-grained turbidites
o Generated from subduction of the oceanic plate
o Not considered to be prospective from petroleum exploration
o Given current technology, their water depth alone precludes oil exploration
A subduction complex.
o This comprises stacked fragments of oceanic crust and its pelagic cover, together
with material derived from the arc.
A fore-arc basin.
o This lies between the subduction complex and the volcanic arc
o Petroleum provinces in fore-arc basins are rare.
- The importance of foreland basins as petroleum provinces outranks that of other basins generated
by convergent plate motions.
- Typically several thousands of kilometers long and parallel to the arc and thrust belt
- Sediment accumulates both ahead of frontal thrust area in the foredeep and within smaller basins
that occur on top of the thrust complex.
3. Strike-slip basins
- Strike-slip or wrench basins occur where sections of the crust move laterally with respect to
each other.
- Strike-slip systems commonly involve some oblique relative movement of the plates to
either side.
- The form of basins develop under transtension differs from those formed under
transpression.