LATIHAN ULANGKAJI

CHAPTER 3 : CHEMICAL FORMULA AND EQUATION

PAPER 1 – Objective Questions

1 The molar mass of astatine is 210 gmol-1. What is the relative atomic mass for
astatine?
Jisim molar astatin ialah 210 gmol-1. Berapakah jisim atom relatif bagi astatin?

A 100
B 110
C 210
D 120

2 What is the relative molecular mass of ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4?

Apakah jisim molekul relatif bagi ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4?
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1, N = 14, O = 16, S = 32]

A 114
B 116
C 118
D 132

3. How many times are one atom of bromine heavier than one atom of calcium?
[Relative atomic mass: Ca, 40; Br, 80]
Berapa kali satu atom bromin lebih berat daripada satu atom kalsium?
[Jisim atom relatif: Ca, 40; Br, 80]

A 0.2
B 0.5
C 2.0
D 5.0

4 What is the number of oxygen atom in 0.1 mole of water?

Apakah bilangan atom oksigen dalam 0.1 mol air?
[Avogadro constant: 6.02 x 1023 mol-1]

A 6.02 x 1022
B 6.02 x 1023

C 60.2 x 1023

D 3.01 x 1023
5 What is the number of molecules in 32 g of oxygen gas ?
Apakah bilangan molekul dalam 32 g gas oksigen?
[ Relative atomic mass of O = 16 and Avogadro’s Constant is 6 x 10 23 mol -1 ]
[ Jisim atom relatif bagi O = 16 dan Pemalar Avogadro ialah 6 x 10 23 mol -1]

A 6.0 x 10 23

B 1.2 x 10 24
C 9.6 x 10 24

D 1.9 x 10 25
6 Diagram 3 shows a syringe filled with carbon dioxide gas.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu picagari diisi dengan gas karbon dioksida.

0.5 mol carbon dioxide gas

0.5 mol gas karbon dioksida

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

How many carbon dioxide molecules are there in the syringe?

Berapakah molekul karbon dioksida dalam picagari itu?
[Avogadro constant: 6.0 X 1023 mol-1]
Pemalar Avogadro

A 5.0 X 1022
B 3.0 X 1023
C 6.0 X 1023
D 1.8 X 1024

7 What is the percentage of nitrogen by mass in ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3?

Apakah peratus nitrogen dalam ammonium nitrat NH4NO3 mengikut jisim?
[ Relative atomic mass:H= 1, N = 14 ,O= 16]
[ Jisim atom relatif : H= 1, N = 14, O= 16]

A 3.50 %

B 8.75 %

C 17.50 %

D 35.00 %
 8 An element X form a carbonate salt of formula X2 (CO3)3. What is the possible formula for
ion X?
Unsur X membentuk garam karbonat dengan formula X2(CO3)3. Apakah formula ion yang
mungkin bagi ion X?

A X+
B X2+
C X3+
D X4+

9 Which of the following chemical formulae is correct?

Antara berikut, yang manakah formula kimia yang betul?

A Cu2Cl

B AlCl3

C NaO2

D BaOH

10 What is the formula of lead (II) sulphate?

Apakah formula bagi plumbum(II) sulfat?

A PbSO4
B Pb(SO4)2
C Pb2SO4
D Pb(SO4)4

11 What is the empirical formula for butane gas, C4H8?

Apakah formula empirik bagi gas butana, C4H8?

A CH
B CH2
C C2H2
D C3H6

12 Which of the following has the same empirical formula as ethene, C2H4?
Yang mana antara berikut mempunyai formula empirik yang sama dengan etena, C2H4?
A C3H7
B C4H11
C C5H11
D C6H12
13. Diagram 13 shows the set up of apparatus to determine the empirical formula for metal
oxide.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik oksida logam.

Metal

Logam

Heat

Panaskan
Diagram 13

Rajah 13
Which of the following metals is most suitable to be used in the diagram?
Logam yang manakah yang paling sesuai digunakan dalam rajah itu?

A Iron
Besi
B Tin
Timah
C Copper
Kuprum
D Magnesium
Magnesium

14 Diagram 14 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the empirical formula of

magnesium oxide.
Rajah 14 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida.
Magnesium Lid
ribbon
Crucible
Penutup dish
Pita
magnesium Mangkuk pijar

Diagram 14
Rajah 14

Which of the following statements is true for the lifting and closing of the lid quickly and
occasionally during heating?

Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah benar bagi penutup diangkat dan ditutup dengan cepat
sekali sekala semasa pemanasan?
 A To avoid the pressure in the crucible dish
Untuk mengelak tekanan dalam mangkuk pijar
B To avoid the crucible dish from cracking
Untuk mengelak mangkuk pijar dari retak

C To avoid the white fumes from escaping

Untuk mengelak wasap putih daripada terbebas keluar

D To avoid water vapour from entering the crucible dish

Untuk mengelak wap air daripada memasuki mangkuk pijar

15 Diagram 15 shows the set-up of the apparatus to determine the empirical formula of a metal
oxide.
Rajah 15 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik suatu oksida logam.
Metal oxide

Oksida logam
Hydrogen gas

Gas hidrogen

Diagram 15
Rajah 15

Which of the following metal oxide is suitable to be used in the experiment?

Antara oksida logam yang berikut, yang manakah sesuai digunakan dalam eksperimen
tersebut?

A Magnesium oxide
Magnesium oksida
B Sodium oxide
Natrium oksida
C Zinc oxide
Zink oksida
D Lead(II) oxide
Plumbum(II) oksida

16
6 g of element X combines with 8 g of element T to form a compound.

[6 g unsur X berpadu dengan 8 g unsur T untuk membentuk suatu sebatian.]

What is the empirical formula of this compound ?
[Apakah formula empirik bagi sebatian tersebut ?]

[Relative atomic mass of X = 120; T = 80 ]

[ Jisim atom relatif X = 120; T = 80 ]

A X2T
B XT2
C X3T2
D X3T4

17. Which chemical equation is correctly balanced?

Persamaan kimia manakah yang diseimbangkan dengan betul?

A Na + O2  Na2O
B Na + Cl2  NaCl
C Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2
D Mg + CH3COOH  (CH3COOH)2Mg + H2

18 Table 18 shows the mass of elements T and O in T oxide and their relative atomic mass
respectively. What is the empirical formula for this oxide?
Jadual 18 menunjukkan jisim unsur T dan O di dalam oksida T dan jisim atom relatif
masing-masing. Apakah formula empirik oksida ini?

Element T O
Unsur
Mass 2.48g 1.92g
Jisim
Relative atomic mass 31 16
Jisim Atom relatif

Table 18
Jadual 18
A T2O

B TO3

C T2O3

D T3O2
19 The mass of three atoms of element Y is equal to the mass of four carbon atoms. Y
is not actual symbol of the element.
What is the relative atomic mass of element Y?
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12 ]
Jisim tiga atom unsur Y adalah sama dengan jisim empat atom karbon.Y bukan
simbol sebenar unsur itu.
Apakah jisim formula relatifnya?
[Jisim atom relatif: C =12 ]
A 12
B 16
C 36
D 48

20 Which of the following equations shows the reaction between zinc and chlorine gas?

Antara persamaan berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan tindak balas antara zink
dengan gas klorin?

A Zn + Cl → ZnCl
B Zn + Cl2 → ZnCl2
C 2Zn + Cl → Zn2Cl
D 2Zn + Cl2 → 2ZnCl
Paper 2 – Section A - Structure
1 Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to determine the empirical formula of
magnesium oxide.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium
oksida

lid

crucible magnesium ribbon

Diagram 1

Table 1 shows the results of this experiment.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen tersebut

Description / Penerangan Mass / Jisim (g)

Mass of the crucible + lid 20.50

Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup
Mass of the crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon 22.30
Jisim mangkuk pijar + Penutup + Pita magnesium
Mass of the crucible + lid + magnesium oxide 23.50
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida

Table 2

(a) The magnesium ribbon is cleaned with sandpaper before heating. Explain why.
Kepingan magnesium dibersihkan dengan menggunakan kertas pasir. Terangkan mengapa?

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Based on Table 1, Berdasarkan jadual 1

(b) (i) Calculate the mass of/ Kirakan jisim bagi:

Magnesium / Magnesium :

Oxygen / Oksigen:

[2 marks]
 (ii) Calculate the ratio of moles of magnesium atoms to oxygen atoms.
Hitungkan nisbah mol atom magnesium kepada atom oksigen.
[Relative atomic mass : O= 16 , Mg = 24]
[Jisim atom relative: O = 16 , Mg = 24]

[1 mark]

(iii) Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

Tentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindakbalas eksperimen di atas

………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

(d) Give a reason why the crucible lid is opened once in a while during the experiment.
Berikan sebab mengapa penutup mangkuk pijar perlu dibuka sekali sekala semasa
eksperimen dijalankan.

.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(e) Metal W is less reactive than hydrogen towards oxygen.

Draw a labeled apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula for the oxide
of metal W.
Logam W kurang reaktif berbanding hidrogen terhadap oksigen. Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel
bagi menentukan formula empirik oksida logam W.

[2 marks]
2 (a) The reaction between metal Q and acid X can be represented by chemical equation below.
Tindak balas antara logam Q dan asid X boleh diwakili oleh persamaan kimia di bawah.

Q(s) + 2HX(aq) → QX2(aq) + H2(g)

(i) Suggest an acid of X and ionic compound of QX2.

Cadangkan satu asid X dan sebatian ionik QX2.

Acid X :
Asid X :

…………………………………………………………………………………..

Ionic compound QX2 :

Sebatian ionik QX2 :

…………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks]

(ii) Based on the equation, complete the statement below :

………………… mol of Q react with ………………… mol of HX to produce ………………… mol of

QX2 and ………………… mol of H2.

Berdasarkan persamaan, lengkapkan pernyataan di bawah :

………………… mol Q bertindak balas dengan ………………… mol HX menghasilkan

………………… mol QX2 dan ………………… mol H2.

[1 mark]
(b) Table below shows an experiment to investigate the effect of heat on copper(II) carbonate.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan haba ke atas kuprum(II) karbonat.

Diagram Procedure Observation

Gambar rajah Prosedur Pemerhatian

Copper(II)carbonate is Green solid turns black.

CuCO3 heated and the gas produced The lime water turns
is passed through lime water. milky.
Heat

Panaskan Lime water Kuprum(II) karbonat Pepejal hijau menjadi

dipanaskan dan gas yang hitam.
terhasil dialirkan melalui air Air kapur menjadi
Air kapur
kapur. keruh.

Based on the experiment :

Berdasarkan eksperimen tersebut :

(i) state the name of the products formed.

nyatakan nama bagi hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk.

………………………………………………………………………………....
[1 mark]

(ii) write a chemical equation for the reaction.

tuliskan satu persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(c) The following equation is not balanced.

Persamaan di bawah adalah tidak seimbang.

Na2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + NaCl

(i) Write the balanced equation for the reaction.

tuliskan persamaan yang seimbang bagi tindak balas tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the mass of barium sulphate formed when 500 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 sodium
sulphate solution is reacted completely with barium chloride solution.
Hitungkan jisim barium sulfat yang terbentuk apabila 500 cm3 larutan natrium sulfat 1 mol dm-3
bertindak balas lengkap dengan larutan barium klorida.
[ Relative atomic mass / Jisim atom relatif : O = 16 ; S = 32 ; Ba = 137 ]

[ 3 marks]

3 (i) What is the chemical symbol used to represent one water molecule?
Apakah simbol kimia yang digunakan untuk mewakili satu molekul air.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) What is the name of the isotope of an element used as a standard in determining
relative atomic mass?
Apakah nama isotop bagi unsur yang digunakan sebagai piawai dalam menentukan
jisim atom relatif?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
3
b(i) What is the mass of 6.0 dm of carbon dioxide gas, CO2 at standard temperature
and pressure?
Apakah jisim bagi 6.0 dm3 gas karbon dioksida CO2 pada suhu tekanan piawai?

[1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at standard temperature and pressure;

Relative atomic mass for CO2 = 44]
[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada suhu tekanan piawai]
[Jisim atom relatif bagi CO2 =44]
 [2 marks]
(ii) How many molecules are there in 6.0 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas?
Berapakah bilangan molekul yang terdapat dalam 6.0 dm3 gas karbon dioksida?
[Avogadro number = 6.02 x 1023]
[Nombor Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023]

[1 mark]

(iii) Explain briefly the relationship between the volume, mass and the number of
molecules of carbon dioxide in 3b(i) and 3b(ii) at standard temperature and
pressure.
Perihalkan dengan ringkas hubungan diantara isipadu, jisism dan bilangan molekul
karbon dioksidadalam 3b(i) dan 3b(ii) pada suhu dan tekanan piawai.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]

4 (a) What is the meaning of empirical formula?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(b) Diagram 4.1 shows an incomplete equation which is one of the steps involved in
determining the empirical formula.
Complete this equation.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan persamaan tidak lengkap yangmerupakan satu daripada
langkah dalam menentukan formula empirik.

Mass / Jisim
Relative atomic mass /Jisim atom relatif = .............................................………..

Diagram 4.1
[1 mark]
(c) Diagram 4.2 shows the apparatus set-up for two methods used to determine the
empirical formula of two compounds.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua kaedah yang digunakan untuk
menentukan formula empirik bagi dua sebatian.

(i) Which method is suitable to be used to determine the empirical formula of

magnesium oxide?
Kaedah yang manakah sesuai digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi
magnesium oksida?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Why did you choose the method in 3c (i)?

Mengapakah anda memilih kaedah di 3c(i)?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]

d) Diagram 3.3 shows the results for an experiment to determine the empirical formula
of lead oxide.
Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik
bagi plumbum (II) oksida

Mass of combustion tube = 64.00 g

Jisim tiub pembakaran
Mass of combustion tube + lead oxide = 117.52 g
Jisim tiub pembakaran + plumbum (II) oksida
Mass of combustion tube + lead = 113.68 g
Jisim tiub pembakaran + plumbum
Diagram 3.3

Based on Diagram 3.3, determine the values of the following:

Berdasarkan Rajah 3.3, tentukan nilai yang berikut:
 [Relative atomic mass : O=16, Pb = 207]
[Jisim atom relatif: O = 16, Pb = 207]

(i) Mass of lead / Jisim plumbum

= …………………………………..g
[1 mark]

(ii) Number of moles of lead / Bilangan mol plumbum

= …………………………………..g
[1 mark]
(iii) Mass of oxygen / Jisim oksigen

= …………………………………..g
[1 mark]
(iv) Number of moles of oxygen / Bilangan mol oksigen

= …………………………………..
[1 mark]
(v) Empirical formula of lead oxide / Formula empirik plumbum (II) oksida

= ………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]