1.

Explain how resistance was shown during the Holocaust by Jewish and non-Jewish
people.
When faced with the tragedies of Holocaust many forms of resistance were shown by
the Jewish people including spiritual resistance (cultural and moral resistance), physical
resistance (armed resistance, hiding) and political resistance. In the ghettos, there were
underground soup kitchens to feed the hungry Jews, children were often smuggling food
to supplement the meagre food rations. There was also spiritual resistance, meant to
preserve the Jewish faith. Many children attended underground schools, adults kept
studying religious texts, and although giving birth is prohibited, people married, gave
birth and conducted their normal rituals.
2. Describe what was meant by the Final Solution.
The “Final Solution” was the Nazi plan to exterminate the Jewish people. It was
implemented in stages. When the Nazi party rise to power, it enforced state wide
discrimination which resulted in boycotts, anti-Jewish legislations, “Aryanization” and
the “Night of the Broken Glass” which was all aimed at removing Jewish people from all
aspects of society. After World-War II began, this program evolved into a systematic and
comprehensive plan to concentrate and eventually annihilate European Jewry.
3. Explain how anti-Semitism was enforced under the Nazi regime.
As Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany, state-wide propaganda was enforced
to urge Germans to boycott Jewish shops; station the SA outside Jewish shops to
intimidate many from entering. Jewish people were also removed/banned from
educational institutions, governmental jobs, owning health insurance, serving in armed
forces. The burning of books began. In 1935, the Nuremburg Laws passed which
deprived Jews of citizenship, the right to vote, marry non-Jews, access to public buildings
like parks, pools theatres, holiday resorts, restaurants, owning electric equipment,
bicycles, typewriters, record players. At 1937, Aryanization began, which meant that
Jewish own businesses were confiscated and given to non-Jewish Germans.
Kristallnacht, a systematic riot against European Jew, marked the start of concentration
camps, ghettos and the Einsatzgruppen all aimed at concentrating and exterminating
Jewish people.
4. Explain why Jews were scapegoated for Germany’s economic problems.
Between 1919 and 1933, the state and Germany was terrible. Because of World War I
Germany had to pay huge reparations in land, finance, military and exclusion from the
League and Nations. This created hyperinflation in the German currency which created
social upheaval. The Jewish people, who were not as affected by these situations, were
therefore blamed for these social and economic problems.
5. What was Australia’s connection to the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of
Human Rights?
The Australian Dr Herbert Vere Evatt was the President of United Nations General
Assembly from 1938 to 1949, during his presidency he helped drafted Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and because of this, Australian played a prominent role in
negotiating this UN charter and Declaration.
6. Explain how the policy of ‘protection’ affected the daily lives of Aboriginal people.
Protectors were appointed and was supposed to protect Aboriginal people from abuses
and provide them with rations, blankets and medicines. Later, this protectionism policy
restricted full-blood Aboriginal people on reserves and restricting contact between them
and outsiders, while simultaneously trying to assimilate half-casts, training them in the
European ways of life and trying the breed out the Aboriginal genetics. Aboriginal people
 were also restricted in their consumption of alcohol, movements and was regulated in
their employment.
7. What was the purpose of 1938 Day of Mourning?
This was commemorated on 26th January 1938, which marked 150 years since
settlement which was seen as invasion and to mourn the losses and injustices face by
Aboriginal people under European rule. At this day, a list of 10 suggestions that the
government could the achieve justice for Aboriginal people was presented, the protest
did no achieve its goals.
8. Why were Aboriginal children removed from their families during the 19th and 20th
centuries?
Half-cast Aboriginal children were removed from their families in order to breed out the
aboriginal blood in the Australian population. They were taught to live in the European
way, and are intended to marry white people. This is to assimilate against the aboriginal
people, making them unable to pass on their culture and their genes to future
generations.
9. Explain how the lives of the Stolen Generations were affected by government policies.
The policies impacted negatively in many ways including, loss of aboriginal culture,
10. Outline the purpose of the Freedom Rides in the United States.
11. Describe what the American Freedom Riders did to achieve their aims.
12. Explain why it was important for US Civil Rights activists to use non-violence.
13. Outline the achievements of the NSW Freedom Ride.
14. Assimilation is a policy aimed at …
15. Integration is a policy that aims …
16. Self-Determination is a policy that focuses on …
17. Dispossession refers to …
18. The Protection policy involved …
19. What role did the Aboriginal Protection Board have in regards to the welfare of
Indigenous Australians?
20. Provide 3 points about what living conditions were like for Aboriginal people on the
reserves.
21. Why were half-caste children taken away from their Aboriginal parents?
22. What is the term given to indigenous children who were removed from their families?
23. When did Indigenous people get the right to vote federally?
24. What is civil disobedience?
25. What was the aim of the freedom riders?