Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Table of Contents
P/N 9-500-0255 i
Service Manual
ii P/N 9-500-0255
Service Manual
7.0 X-ray and Light Field Check and Alignment Procedures ........................................................4-44
7.1 X-ray Beam Alignment Template ....................................................................................4-44
7.2 Exposing and Viewing the X-ray Field ............................................................................4-45
7.3 Aperture Adjustment Procedures ....................................................................................4-46
7.4 Auto Aperture Alignment ...............................................................................................4-47
7.4.1 Align the 24 x 30 cm Large Focal Spot ....................................................................4-47
7.4.2 Align the 18 x 24 cm Large Focal Spot ....................................................................4-48
7.5 Magnification Full Field (18 x 24 cm) Aperture Alignment (SM FS) .................................4-50
7.6 10 cm Coned-down Contact Aperture Alignment (LG FS) ...............................................4-50
7.7 7.5 cm Spot Contact Aperture Alignment (LG FS) ...........................................................4-51
7.8 7.5 cm Spot Magnification Aperture Alignment (SM FS) .................................................4-51
7.9 X-ray Field Alignment Verification .................................................................................4-51
7.10 Light Field Alignment Check and Adjustment ...............................................................4-51
7.11 Light Field Edge Contrast Check ...................................................................................4-53
7.12 Light Field Illuminance Check ......................................................................................4-55
8.0 Mechanical Adjustments ......................................................................................................4-56
8.1 Compression Chain Tension Adjustment ........................................................................4-56
8.2 Compression Display Potentiometer Adjustment ............................................................4-57
8.3 Compression Force Load Cell Setting .............................................................................4-57
8.4 C-arm Safety Microprocessor Board Calibration/Vertical Drive Force Load Cell Setting ..4-58
9.0 Maintenance Procedures ......................................................................................................4-59
9.1 kV Control Offset Calibration .........................................................................................4-59
iv P/N 9-500-0255
Service Manual
P/N 9-500-0255 v
Service Manual
vi P/N 9-500-0255
Service Manual
List of Figures
List of Figures
List of Tables
P/N 9-500-0255 ix
Service Manual
List of Tables
Table B-18 HV Control Filament Board (PN 1-003-0485) LED Indicators .................................... B-8
Table B-19 Image Receptor Sensor Combinations ....................................................................... B-8
Table B-20 Affinity Series Fuses ................................................................................................ B-10
Table B-21 Microprocessor Board (PN 1-003-0493) Jumper Settings ......................................... B-11
Table B-22 Communications Interface Board (PN 1-003-0434) Jumper Settings ........................ B-11
Table B-23 C-Arm Safety Board (PN 1-003-0440) Jumper Settings ............................................. B-11
Table B-24 HV Control Filament Board (PN 1-003-0485) Jumper Settings ................................. B-12
x P/N 9-500-0255
Service Manual
Preface
Using the Service Manual
Preface
P/N 9-500-0255 xi
Service Manual
Preface
Acronym List
This appendix contains tables used for identifying test points, LED indications, fuses,
jumpers, and accessory identification sensor combinations in the Affinity Series System.
WARNING! This warning alerts you to procedures that you must follow
precisely to avoid causing potentially serious or fatal injury to
yourself or others.
Warning: This warning alerts you to procedures that you must follow
precisely to avoid injury to yourself or others.
Caution: Cautions point out procedures that you must follow precisely to avoid
damage to equipment, loss of data, or corruption of files in software
applications.
Note… Notes indicate important information that must be followed to ensure the
proper operation of the system.
1.0 Introduction
The LORAD Affinity is a dedicated mammography system which features automatic and
manual exposure modes, a compact control panel, and optional film labeling abilities
(Figure 1-1).
Table 1-1: Required Tools and Equipment for Installation and Maintenance
• Standard Hand Tools (non-metric) • Oscilloscope—100 MHz (min) 2 channel
• Digital Multimeter (DMM) • Hex Wrench Set - standard
• Radiation Meter with probe
• Light Meter—UDT Instruments - Model 351
(Victoreen Model 600 or equivalent)
• Aluminum Filter Pack—Type 1100 • High-Voltage Divider—Ratio of 10,000:1 or
(99.9% pure) 100,000:1 with output impedance of 1 kΩ
• High-Voltage Adapter Cable
• mAs Meter—dual range
(LORAD PN 2-425-3015)
• ACR Mammography Accreditation Phantom
(ACR MAP) (Nuclear Associates #156 or equiva- • Lead Shield/Blocker—Approximately 4.0 x 4.0 cm
lent)
• Aluminum Aperture for Light meter with 1.0 mm
• PMMA Acrylic (or BR-12) - 0.5 cm thick (1 ea)
aperture
• PMMA Acrylic (or BR-12) - 1.0 cm thick (1 ea) • Light/X-ray Field Template (PN 3-405-8010)
• PMMA Acrylic (or BR-12) - 2.0 cm thick (4 ea) • Light Field Alignment Bars (PN 9-060-0173)
• Tool, Field Service Belt Adjustment
• Densitometer
(PN 9-061-0107)
• Image Receptor Phantom Tool—Cassette Simu-
• Resolution Line Pair Phantom
lator (PN 9-060-0403)
• Loctite, 242 Blue (PN 2-580-0506) • Scale/Force Gauge—1 - 50 lb (min)
2.0 Safety
This portion of the manual details electrical, mechanical, and radiation safety, as well as
precautions concerning static electricity and magnetic media storage. The equipment
complies with IEC 601 (General, Collateral and applicable Particular Standards), UL 2601
and CSA 22.2601.1.
Hazardous Material Warning!
• The x-ray tube contains a beryllium window that should not be touched.
• Follow all local ordinances or regulations for disposal of the x-ray tube.
• The x-ray tube covers and the image receptor contain lead that should not be touched.
• Follow all local ordinances or regulations for disposal of these covers.
Note… The Affinity does not contain any mercury or latex in its construction.
Emergency OFF switches are provided in compliance with IEC 601-2-32. Each of these
switches
disables power to the entire system.
WARNING! LETHAL voltages are present within the interior of the unit.
Use extreme caution to avoid contacting, directly or indirectly
(through tools), any connector pins, terminals, or test points.
Remove all jewelry before working on the unit, and avoid
wearing loose fitting clothing.
Warnings: Only qualified electronic technicians who are certified and experi-
enced in the maintenance and repair of high voltage x-ray equipment
should attempt to service this equipment.
Never perform service alone. Only service this equipment in the com-
pany of someone who is capable of rendering aid should an accident
occur.
2.2 Interlocks
In addition to the Emergency OFF switches, the Affinity Series contains several safety
interlocks. These interlocks are as follows:
• C-arm Movement Interlock - When the C-arm encounters an obstruction during
travel, this interlock engages to immediately stop vertical travel and disable all C-
arm vertical movements (except C-arm UP) until the obstruction is cleared. C-arm
movement is also prohibited when compression force exceeds 50 N (12 lb).
• Automatic Compression Release Interlock - Installing a Localization Paddle disables
the compression release function, including automatic compression release (if
enabled).
• Early Release Interlock - When the x-ray exposure switch is released prior to the end
of the exposure, this interlock causes immediate termination of the exposure.
• Cassette Sense Interlock - When the system does not detect a cassette in the Bucky,
or if the cassette is not ejected after an exposure, this interlock prevents x-ray expo-
sure.
• Aperture Interlock - This function detects the aperture and image receptor that is
installed and prevents x-ray exposure if an incompatible aperture/image receptor
combination is detected.
• Mirror/Filter Interlock - This interlock prevents x-ray exposure when the Light Field
Mirror and/or the Filter is not positioned correctly.
• Relay Interlock - This interlock prevents x-ray exposure when there is a failure of the
Power ON indicator or the X-ray Exposure indicator.
Item Manufacturer
X-ray Tube Varian (IM-113R)
Beam Limiting Device LORAD
High-Voltage Generator LORAD
X-Ray Control LORAD
Image Receptor Support LORAD
Device
Bucky 18 x 24 cm LORAD
Bucky 24 x 30 cm LORAD
2. Carefully remove all shipping materials (foam padding, tie-downs, straps, shipping wrap,
etc.) from the unit and pallet. Lift any accessory boxes from the pallet.
3. Open all crates and boxes and check their contents against the packing list and sales
order.
Note… If there is a discrepancy between the contents and the packing list or sales
order, contact LORAD immediately. If it is necessary to re-pack any items for
future installation, use the original packaging materials.
4. Inspect each item for damage, then safely store them near the exam site.
Caution: To prevent damage, do not store the radiation shield flat. Avoid damaging
the Radiation Shield by impact or scratching.
Warning: Never pull on the C-arm as the unit is top heavy. To prevent injury
to personnel and/or damage to equipment, care must be taken
when un-crating the unit.
5. While still in the loading area, carefully move the pallet into an upright position.
6. Remove the top collar securing the unit to the pallet. Using the installed dolly, carefully
roll the unit off the pallet.
7. Transport the unit, on the installed dolly, from the loading area to the exam area for
installation.
8. Remove the 4 bolts securing the unit to the dolly. Carefully maneuver the unit off the
back end of the dolly, slide the dolly out and position the unit in the area of installation.
9. Return the dolly to LORAD as per the shipping instructions posted on the dolly.
Where:
R = Ground Impedance
VNL = Voltage at no load
VFL = Voltage at full load (32 kV, 100 mA)
IMAX.L = Current at full load
Ground Impedance must be no more than:
After determining the input voltage range, verify the unit’s isolation transformer is correctly
set (re-configure as required).
The following explains how to access the input power assembly chassis and re-configure the
isolation transformer taps to match the source voltage measured previously.
1. Flip the circuit breaker on the rear of the Gantry down (OFF).
2. Remove the Gantry Upper Rear panel as per Chapter 6, Section 2.1.2. Set the cover
aside.
3. Remove the Rear Connector panel and shroud as per Chapter 6, Section 2.1.3. Pull the
panel slightly away from the unit, then let it hang by the attached wiring harness.
4. To gain access to the input power assembly chassis, remove the Lower Rear panel as per
Chapter 6, Section 2.1.4, Steps 1 through 3. The isolation transformer is mounted on the
lower shelf of the input power assembly chassis.
5. Configure the input wiring to tap the transformer so that it matches the previously mea-
sured source voltage (refer to Figure 2-3).
Warning: For those units with the Control Panel mounted to the Gantry, the
radiation shield is required. The shield is installed following
completion of initial startup procedures.
Note… Do not replace left and right side panels at this time.
Note… The exposure footswitch will be received already mounted on the exposure
footswitch mounting bracket.
1. Secure the exposure footswitch mounting bracket to the Gantry base plate using
two screws (supplied) on the right side of the Gantry.
Note… When the Gantry right side cover is installed, the exposure footswitch will
be positioned below the Control Panel).
2. Connect the exposure footswitch cable to the x-ray connector (Figure 2-6, Item
5).
A. Align the key in the footswitch connector to the keyhole in the receptacle.
A. Push the connector straight in until it stops.
3. Locate DIP switch (S2) at the lower right side of the Host Microprocessor board
(Gantry right-side panel removed). Enable the X-ray Footswitch by setting S2
switch 3 to OFF.
Note… The film labeling device (AutoFilm I.D. or Printer) must be installed so that it
is situated at least 2 meters (approximately 6 feet) from the patient.
AutoFilm I.D.
Refer to the AutoFilm I.D. User’s Guide (PN 9-500-0078) for installation and
operating procedures.
Label Printer
The Label Printer is used to print out a self-adhesive label containing the exposure
information. When connected and on-line, the Printer immediately prints a label
after each exposure.
1. Insert the one end of the Printer cable into the receptacle on the rear of the
Printer.
2. Connect the other end of the printer cable to the Printer receptacle (Figure 2-6,
Item 2) on the rear of the Gantry.
3. Plug the Printer power cord into the power receptacle on the rear of the Printer,
then plug the opposite end into the Printer Power outlet (Figure 2-6, Item 4) on
the rear of the Gantry.
Tubehead Controls 1. C-arm Up (Figure 3-5, Item 2) A. Verify C-arm moves up while button is
held and stops when button is
released.
2. C-arm Down (Figure 3-5, Item 3) A. Verify C-arm moves down while
button is held and stops when button
is released.
3. C-arm Rotation Release (Figure 3-5, A. Verify C-arm can be rotated when
Item 4) button is held and that the C-arm
brake prevents rotation when button is
released.
B. Verify that when the C-arm rotates, the
rotation readouts on the Gantry
change accordingly. Verify the angle
display shows zero degrees of rotation
when the C-arm is in the “CC”
position.
2 3 4
Press Reset + Right Arrow together to select the User Default Screen from the Run Mode
Screen. To select the Exposure Default Screen from the Run Mode Screen, press Reset +
Right Arrow twice. To go back to the Run Mode Screen from the Exposure Default Screen,
press Reset + Left Arrow twice, from the User Default Screen, press Reset + Left Arrow once.
Note… When the Cassette Sense is set to ON, the system will remain in Standby
until a new cassette is installed.
• Date—US format or International format
• Time—12 hour format or 24 hour format
Note… At kVs above 32, maximum mAs is restricted to less than 500 mAs for large
focal spot and 150 mAs for small focal spot.
• mAs—Large FS, 3 to 500 mAs; Small FS, 3 to 150 mAs; manual exposures
require that the user set a fixed mAs for exposure timing.
• Density—+5 to Normal to -5 (not available in Manual or Mag Manual modes)
• Screen Film—Film 1, Film 2, Film 3
• Focus—Large or Small Focal Spot
• Auto-kV Window—When the exposure mode is set to Auto-kV or Auto-Filter the
system determines the exposure factors necessary to make films at the optimum
optical density, with ideal contrast. To do this, the user must set a timing “win-
dow” that determines when to terminate the exposure. The timing window
choices for Large FS are 125, 165, or 200 mAs and the choices for Small FS are
38, 50, or 60 mAs. The Auto timing window (based on breast thickness) should
be selected by those users who are required to meet the 2 mGy (200 mrad) max-
imum average glandular dose requirement.
• Default Exposure Mode—Displays default mode that unit is set to upon power
up.
• Default Mag Mode—Displays default mode when a magnification device is
installed.
• Filter—Upon start up, Filter is always set to Molybdenum, user can change set-
ting to Rhodium.
1.0 Introduction
This chapter contains the Affinity Series calibration, adjustment, and performance and
compliance check procedures. The procedures described in the following sections are as
follows:
Attention: X-Ray exposures taken in rapid succession may exceed the thermal
capacity of the system. During periods of numerous x-ray exposures, such
as during service calibration or physicist accreditation, please wait a
minimum of 40 seconds between exposures to allow adequate cooling of
the x-ray tube and high voltage electronics.
Note… When servicing the Affinity, if a procedure instructs you to remove the
Gantry right-side cover or the tubehead covers, do not replace these covers
until all required procedures (e.g., calibrations, adjustments, tests, remove
and replace, etc.) are completed.
The data fields for each calibration screen are described in Table 4-2.
Table 4-2: The Calibration Screens
Calibration Screen Field Comments
Shows selected kV or displays post-exposure kV in Auto-kV or
kV
Auto-Filter modes
Calibration Screen #1 Shows selected mAs or displays post-exposure mAs in Manual
(Filament Screen) mAs and Auto Modes. Maximum selectable mAs is dependent upon
kV and Focal Spot.
FILTER Mo/Rh
Manual: User selects kV, mAs and Focal Spot Size.
Auto-Time: User selects kV, Screen-Film, and Focal Spot Size.
Auto-kV: System automatically selects kV and mAs. User selects
MODE
Screen-Film and Focal Spot Size.
Auto-Filter: Provides full automatic operation of all technique
factors. User selects Screen-Film.
SCREEN-FILM User selects film type (Film 1, 2, or 3)
FOCUS User selects Large or Small Focal Spot Size
On systems with HTC Buckys, used when performing reduced
FILAMENT mA calibration portion of Filament Current (mA) Calibration
Procedures (Section 4.3).
When set to ON during Filament Current (mA) Calibration
AUTO CAL Procedures (Section 4.3) the system will automatically adjust the
starting filament values.
Used in Backup Timer Test (Section 4.4) to verify Backup Timer
Timer Test
is working properly.
Caution: Always return the unit to the user mode (S2 switch 1 = OFF) after
performing calibrations to prevent inadvertent changes to system
calibrations.
8. Press a Change key until the data field reads: 151 N (34 lb). Apply additional manual
compression until the gauge or scale indicates 151 N (34 lb) of force.
9. Press Reset + Comp. Release together to send the 151 N (34 lb) calibration data to the
microprocessor.
10. Raise the compression device off of the gauge or scale, then remove the towel and
gauge. Perform the Compression Thickness calibration as per Section 3.2.
6. Highlight the CF Cal data field using the Scroll keys. Press a Change key until the field
reads: “Verify”.
7. Press Reset + Comp. Release together to send the compression thickness calibration data
to the microprocessor.
8. Raise the compression paddle, remove the acrylic from the receptor support, then return
the unit to the user mode (S2 switch 1 = OFF).
5. Using a coaxial cable (Item 1) and a BNC to banana plug splitter (Item 4), connect a Dig-
ital Multi Meter (DMM, Item 2) to the anode terminal (Item 3) of the HV divider (Item 6).
Position the meter where it can be read from behind the protective radiation shield.
6. Connect the HV divider’s ground wire (Item 8) to an unpainted metal surface on Gantry.
7. Connect one end of the HV Adapter cable (Item 10) into the voltage divider receptacle
(Item 11), and the opposite end into the HV test well (Item 12) on the HV Generator
Assembly.
8. Turn power ON to unit.
Note… Skip Step 9 when performing the Tube Voltage Calibration as part of the
initial installation procedures.
9. Perform the kV Control Offset Calibration Procedures, Section 9.1
10. From the Run Mode, set the unit for a Manual mode exposure at 30 kV, 150 mAs. Moni-
tor the voltmeter from behind the radiation shield (if equipped), then conduct the expo-
sure.
11. The voltage reading on the voltmeter for 30 kV should be 3.0 VDC (±0.06 VDC using
10,000:1 voltage divider), or 30 VDC (±0.6 VDC using 1,000:1 voltage divider).
12. If the voltage reading is not within the specification above, adjust R41 on the HV Control
Filament Board (part of HV Generator Assembly). Turn R41 clockwise to increase kV, or
counter-clockwise to decrease kV (two turns equals approximately 1 kV).
13. Repeat Steps 9, 10, and 11 until the voltage reading at 30 kV is +2% of the VDC speci-
fied in Step 11.
14. Set the unit for a Manual mode exposure at 39 kV, 80 mAs, Rh filter. Monitor the voltme-
ter from behind the radiation shield, then conduct the exposure.
15. The voltage reading on the voltmeter for 39 kV should be 3.9 VDC (±0.078 VDC using
10,000:1 voltage divider), or 39 VDC (±0.78 VDC using 1,000:1 voltage divider).
16. If the voltage reading is not within the specification above, readjust R41 on the HV Con-
trol Filament Board.
Legend for Figure 4-3
1. Coaxial Cable
2. Digital Multi Meter
3. Anode
4. BNC to Banana Plug Splitter
5. Ground side of splitter (Side of splitter with “Tab” must be connected to Common.)
6. High Voltage Divider
7. Cathode
8. Ground wire (Attach this end of ground wire to unpainted metal surface on Gantry.)
9. Gantry
10. HV Adapter Cable
11. Voltage Divider Receptacle
12. HV Test Well
13. mA Current Jack (not shown, on left side of HV Multiplier)
17. Repeat the exposure and check the voltage reading. Repeat Steps 14, 15, and 16 until
the voltage reading at 39 kV is within the ±2% specification.
18. Check the voltage at 20 kV to verify that it remained within the ±2% specification. If
necessary continue to make adjustments at 20 kV, then at 39 kV until calibration at both
levels is achieved.
19. Select intermediate kV levels and make an exposure at each setting. Confirm that the
voltage readings on the meter are within 2% of the kV setting. If they are not, make small
adjustments at 20 kV and 39 kV to “dial” in the intermediate kV levels while maintaining
the ±2% at all kV’s.
20. For initial setup and calibration, skip this step. If all service procedures have been com-
pleted, return the unit to the user mode (S2 switch 1 = OFF), and replace all previously
removed covers and panels.
2. On the HV Multiplier, connect a Digital Multi Meter (set to current) to the mA Current
Jack (Figure 4-3, Item 13).
3. Take an exposure at 30 kV, manual mode, 100 mAs. The meter should read 100 mA. If
not, adjust R2 on the HV Control/Filament Board.
4. Repeat Step 2 till the meter reads 100 mA.
Note… This calibration must be performed using Manual Exposure mode only.
1. Turn the unit OFF.
2. Remove the Gantry’s right side panel (to access the Host Microprocessor board) as per
Chapter 6, Section 2.1.1.
3. Remove the Patient Handles and the C-arm top cover to access the Filament Protection
Board as per Chapter 6, Section 3.1.2.
4. On the Microprocessor Board, set the unit for the service mode (S2 switch 1 = ON).
Notes… To fully calibrate the system, 3 exposures (at 40 second intervals between
shots) must be taken.
Note the mA Target (“T”) value and the mA Start (“ST”) value displayed at
the bottom of the screen. The difference between the start value and the
target value should be less than 10.
13. Repeat steps 11 and 12 for each kV station using the Large focal spot and Mo filter, then
perform this procedure for each kV station using the Small focal spot, Mo filter and 12
mAs. Record the values for each kV station on Table 4-3.
8. On the Microprocessor board, verify jumpers are positioned as follows (if not, install
jumpers):
• JP5 between positions 1 and 2
• JP6 between positions 1 and 2
9. Install a DIP clip on U20 and connect scope lead to Pin 2. Connect the ground lead to
TP12 (DGND).
10. Turn the Unit ON.
11. Set up scope as follows:
• Volts/DIV : 2.00 V
• Time/DIV: 2.00 sec
• Mode : AUTO
12. Set the time-out to 6.3 +0.25
seconds as follows (refer to
Figure 4-5):
a. Trigger the IC by
momentarily short-
ing U11 Pin 1 to
U11 Pin 2.
b. While viewing sig-
nal on scope, adjust
Pot R146.
Note… During the next step, the unit will not take X-rays and will attempt a 7.0 sec
exposure.
13. Initiate an exposure.
14. When the exposure terminates, the message area along the lower part of the screen indi-
cates the exposure duration (when the timer terminated the exposure), and the status of
the test.
15. Verify that the test “PASSED”. If the indication is “FAILED”, contact LORAD Service
department immediately. Do not use the system clinically.
16. The Timer Test field will automatically reset to OFF.
17. Remove all test equipment, do not remove jumpers JP5 and JP6.
18. Return the unit to the user mode (S2 switch 1 = OFF) and replace previously removed
panels.
Calibration of the AEC is performed at the factory to assure that the system is capable of
proper calibration and performance. At installation, the AEC must be adjusted to obtain films
of the proper mean optical density (typically 1.6 OD ±0.15 OD depending on the
radiologist’s preference) using the site’s processing equipment. The HTC Factor is set to a
number determined by performing the HTC Factor (Offset) Adjustment prior to leaving the
factory. Do not change the HTC Factor prior to performing AEC Calibration as part of the
initial installation procedures. The AEC Pre-Amp Gain (shown on Calibration Screen #3) is
factory set to 1 and is not selectable or adjustable.
Note… This procedure must be performed for each film type used with the unit.
Before performing the AEC Calibration procedure, be sure to complete the
Tube Voltage Calibration and the Filament Calibration.
AEC system performance is specified at the kV’s that are normally used clinically. The
following chart presents a guideline for typical clinical values for breast composition and
thickness.
Note that 2.0 cm thickness imaging is not appropriate above 26 kV, while 6.0 cm thickness
imaging is not appropriate below 26 kV.
Notes… When calibrating the automatic exposure control system, always use the
same Bucky device and the same cassette to ensure consistent results.
For optimum calibration results use the AEC Worksheets provided at the
end of this procedure (Tables 4-6 through 4-9). Record the AEC
performance values on the worksheets when the AEC system is calibrated.
Note… The replacement resistor value typically falls within the 1.0 kΩ to 1.7 kΩ
range.
8. Replace R1 on the AEC Detect board with a 1/4 Watt, metal film, 1% resistor with the
value determined in Step 7 above.
9. Reverse Steps 2 through 6 to install the AEC Detector Assembly.
Note… For large focal spot calibration with an HTC Bucky, the unit must be in 100
mA mode. Ensure the HTC Threshold is low enough to remain in this mode.
2. Set unit to Calibration Screen #3, set the HTC C-THK threshold for 1.0 cm.
3. Set unit to Calibration Screen #2.
4. Install the 18 x 24 cm Bucky onto the IRSD and insert a loaded cassette. Always use the
same cassette and Bucky for all calibration steps.
5. Set the unit for an Auto-Time exposure at 25 kV, Large focus, Mo filter. Set the Film data
field to the screen-film combination loaded in the cassette.
6. Place 3.0 cm of BR-12 or PMMA acrylic on the Bucky, centered laterally, and extending
approximately 1.0 cm over the chest wall edge.
7. Place the AEC detector in the position closest to the chest wall. Take an exposure,
develop the film, then measure the optical density (OD).
Note… Always measure the Optical Density with the lower edge of the film flush
with the front edge of the Densitometer and centered side-to-side
(approximately 5.0 cm into film plane).
8. Make Gain adjustments to calibrate the Optical Density to the value requested by the
customer. Increase the Gain value if the density is too high. To maintain mAs require-
ments (40 - 80 mAs), it may be necessary to increase or decrease the amount of BR-12 or
PMMA used.
9. Make another exposure, develop the film, then measure the Optical Density.
10. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 as necessary, to obtain the mean OD requirement (±0.15 OD).
11. Replace the 3.0 cm absorber with the 6.0 cm absorber. Using the same techniques as in
Steps 8 and 9, make an exposure, develop the film, then measure the Optical Density.
12. Make Offset adjustments to calibrate the Optical Density to the value requested by the
customer. Increase the Offset value if the density is too high. To maintain mAs require-
ments (240 - 350 mAs), it may be necessary to increase or decrease the amount of BR-12
or PMMA used.
13. Make another exposure, develop the film, then measure the Optical Density.
14. Repeat Steps 12 and 13 as necessary, to obtain the mean OD requirement (±0.15 OD).
15. Replace the 6.0 cm absorber with the 3.0 cm absorber, make an exposure, develop the
film, then measure the Optical Density. Ensure the Optical Density reading is within
±0.15 OD of the exposure at 6.0 cm. If necessary, repeat the entire procedure to bring
both the 3.0 cm and the 6.0 cm exposures within the specified requirements.
16. Change the Gain, Offset and M-Density (if required) values for each of the remaining
large focal kV stations to the Gain, Offset, and M-Density values obtained in this proce-
dure.
4. If necessary, adjust Gain and Offset at each kV station to maintain OD within ±0.15
O.D. of the Mean Value (Initial Calibration - Large Focus).
Note… When calibrating with high-speed contrast film, each kV station will need
verification and input of the Gain, Offset, and AEC Density.
Note… For large focal spot calibration with an HTC Bucky, the unit must be in 100
mA mode. Ensure the HTC Threshold is low enough to remain in this mode.
2. Set unit to Calibration Screen #3, set the HTC C-THK threshold for 1.0 cm.
3. Set unit to Calibration Screen #2.
4. Install the 18 x 24 cm Bucky onto the IRSD and insert a loaded cassette. Always use the
same cassette and Bucky for all calibration steps.
5. Set the unit for an Auto-Time exposure at 28 kV, Large focal spot, Rh filter. Set the Film
data field to the screen-film combination loaded in the cassette.
6. Place 3.5 cm of BR-12 or PMMA acrylic on the Bucky, centered laterally, and extending
approximately 1.0 cm over the chest wall edge.
7. Place the AEC detector in the position closest to the chest wall. Take an exposure,
develop the film, then measure the optical density (OD).
Note… Always measure the Optical Density with the lower edge of the film flush
with the front edge of the Densitometer and centered side-to-side
(approximately 5.0 cm into film plane).
8. Make Gain adjustments to calibrate the Optical Density to the value requested by the
customer. Decrease the Gain value if the density is too high. To maintain mAs require-
ments (40 - 80 mAs), it may be necessary to increase or decrease the amount of BR-12 or
PMMA used.
9. Make another exposure, develop the film, then measure the Optical Density.
10. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 as necessary, to obtain the mean OD requirement (±0.15 OD).
11. Replace the 3.5 cm absorber with the 7.0 cm absorber. Using the same techniques as in
Steps 8 and 9, make an exposure, develop the film, then measure the Optical Density.
12. Make Offset adjustments to calibrate the Optical Density to the value requested by the
customer. Decrease the Offset value if the density is too high. To maintain mAs require-
ments (240 - 350 mAs), it may be necessary to increase or decrease the amount of BR-12
or PMMA used.
13. Make another exposure, develop the film, then measure the Optical Density.
14. Repeat Steps 12 and 13 as necessary, to obtain the mean OD requirement (±0.15 OD).
15. Replace the 7.0 cm absorber with the 3.5 cm absorber, make an exposure, develop the
film, then measure the Optical Density. Ensure the Optical Density reading is within
±0.15 OD of the exposure at 7.0 cm. If necessary, repeat the entire procedure to bring
both the 3.5 cm and the 7.0 cm exposures within the specified requirements.
16. Change the Gain, Offset and M-Density (if required) values for each of the remaining
large focus kV stations to the Gain, Offset, and M-Density values obtained in this proce-
dure.
Note… When calibrating with high-speed contrast film, each kV station will need
verification and input of the Gain, Offset, and AEC Density.
Note… Before starting this procedure, select the small focal spot, then set the Gain
and Offset values to the values used at 25 kV for the Large Focal spot.
1. Remove the Bucky device and install the Magnification Table. Always use the same cas-
sette for all AEC calibrations.
2. Set the unit for an exposure at 25 kV, Small focal spot, Mo filter, Mag Auto-Time.
3. Place 2.0 cm of BR-12 or PMMA on the breast platform, centered laterally, and extend-
ing 1.0 cm over the chest wall edge. Place the AEC detector in the position closest to the
chest wall.
4. Place the AEC detector in the position closest to the chest wall. Take an exposure,
develop the film, then measure the optical density (OD).
Note… Always measure the Optical Density with the lower edge of the film flush
with the front edge of the Densitometer and centered side-to-side
(approximately 5.0 cm into film plane).
5. Make Gain adjustments to calibrate the Optical Density to the value requested by the
customer. Increase the Gain value if the density is too high. To maintain mAs require-
Note… Before starting this procedure, select the small focus, then set the Gain and
Offset values to the values used at 26 kV for the Large Focal spot.
1. Set the unit for an exposure at 28 kV, Small focal spot, Rh filter, Mag Auto-Time.
2. Place 2.5 cm of BR-12 or PMMA on the breast platform, centered laterally, and extend-
ing 1.0 cm over the chest wall edge. Place the AEC detector in the position closest to the
chest wall.
3. Place the AEC detector in the position closest to the chest wall. Take an exposure,
develop the film, then measure the optical density (OD).
Note… Always measure the Optical Density with the lower edge of the film flush
with the front edge of the Densitometer and centered side-to-side
(approximately 5.0 cm into film plane).
4. Make Gain adjustments to calibrate the Optical Density to the value requested by the
customer. Decrease the Gain value if the density is too high. To maintain mAs require-
ments (6 - 14 mAs), it may be necessary to increase or decrease the amount of BR-12 or
PMMA used.
5. Make another exposure, develop the film, then measure the Optical Density.
6. Repeat Steps 4 and 5 as necessary, to obtain the mean OD requirement (±0.15 OD).
7. Replace the 2.5 cm absorber with the 6.0 cm absorber. Using the same techniques as in
Steps 5 and 6, make an exposure, develop the film, then measure the Optical Density.
8. Make Offset adjustments to calibrate the Optical Density to the value requested by the
customer. Decrease the Offset value if the density is too high. To maintain mAs require-
ments (65 - 130 mAs), it may be necessary to increase or decrease the amount of BR-12
or PMMA used.
9. Make another exposure, develop the film, then measure the Optical Density.
10. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 as necessary, to obtain the mean OD requirement (±0.15 OD).
11. Replace the 6.0 cm absorber with the 2.5 cm absorber, make an exposure, develop the
film, then measure the Optical Density. Ensure the Optical Density reading is within
±0.15 OD of the exposure at 6.0 cm. If necessary, repeat the entire procedure to bring
both the 2.5 cm and the 6.0 cm exposures within the specified requirements.
12. Change the Gain, Offset and M-Density (if required) values for each of the remaining
small focal spot kV stations to the Gain, Offset, and M-Density values obtained in this
procedure.
HTC FACTOR
kV Reduced Thickness mAs OD HTC Factor
mA
26 30
2. Set the unit for an Auto-Time exposure at 26 kV, Large focus, Mo filter. Set the Film data
field to the screen-film combination loaded in the cassette.
3. Place 4.0 cm of BR-12 or PMMA acrylic on the 18 x 24 cm Bucky, centered laterally
over the AEC detectors. Lower the compression device onto the BR-12.
4. Take an exposure, develop the film, then measure the optical density (OD). Write the
mA and OD in the place provided on the Large Bucky Factor Worksheet (Table 4-11) for
the 18 x 24 cm Bucky.
5. Remove the 18 x 24 cm Bucky.
6. Place a 24 x 30 cm Bucky on the system and set the unit for an Auto-Time exposure at
26 kV, Large focus, Mo filter. Set the Film data field to the screen-film combination
loaded in the cassette.
7. Place 4.0 cm of BR-12 or PMMA acrylic on the 24 x 30 cm Bucky, centered laterally
over the AEC detectors. Lower the compression device onto the BR-12.
8. Take an exposure, develop the film, then measure the optical density (OD). Write the
mA and OD in the place provided on the Large Bucky Factor Worksheet (Table 4-11) for
the 24 x 30 cm Bucky.
9. Divide the 18 x 24 cm Bucky mAs by the 24 x 30 cm Bucky mAs (as shown in Table 4-
11). This is the Large Bucky Factor.
10. On Calibration Screen #2, select LgBky FACTOR and adjust as necessary to match the
calculated Large Bucky Factor.
11. Take an exposure with the 24 x 30 cm Bucky and develop the film. Measure the OD.
Adjust the Large Bucky Factor until the large Bucky OD is within 0.10 of the small Bucky
OD.
Table 4-11: Large Bucky Factor Worksheet
18 x 24 cm Bucky 24 x 30 cm Bucky
Thickness mAs OD Thickness mAs OD
4.0 cm 4.0 cm
Final Large Bucky Factor _________
Note… For this adjustment the unit must be in 100 mA mode. Ensure that the
Compression Thickness Threshold is 1.0 cm at the start of this procedure.
1. For units with no HTC Bucky, go to Step 3, for units with HTC Bucky, go to Step 2.
12. Set unit to Calibration Screen #3, set the HTC C-THK threshold for 1.0 cm.
13. Set unit to Calibration Screen #2.
14. Install the 18 x 24 cm Bucky onto the IRSD and insert a loaded cassette. Always use the
same cassette and Bucky for all calibration steps.
15. Set the unit for an Auto-Time exposure at 25 kV, Large focus, Mo filter. Set the Film data
field to the screen-film combination loaded in the cassette.
16. Place the amount of BR-12 or PMMA acrylic that was used in the final 25 kV, low atten-
uation exposure from Table 4-6 on the Bucky, centered laterally and extending 1.0 cm
over the chest wall edge. Use motorized compression to lower the compression paddle
onto the phantom material.
17. Insert a loaded cassette into the Bucky, then make a 25 kV Auto-Time exposure. Record
the mAs value (as point “A”) on the semi log worksheet (Table 4-12).
18. Release compression and place the amount of BR-12 or PMMA acrylic that was used in
the final 25 kV, high attenuation exposure from Table 4-6 on the Bucky. Reapply com-
pression, then make a second exposure. Record this mAs value (as point “B”) on the
semi log worksheet.
19. Draw a line between points “A” and “B” on the semi log. Follow the left side of the graph
and locate the 80 mAs point. Draw a straight line and intercept the line between the 2
points.
20. Draw a vertical line from that point to the bottom of the graph and note the compression
thickness value indicated. This is the compression thickness threshold value.
21. On Calibration Screen 3, highlight HTC C-THK and change the displayed value to the
value calculated on the graph.
500
400
300
200
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
mAs↑ 10
Thickness→ 0 1cm 2cm 3cm 4cm 5cm 6cm
13. Divide each Step 11 difference value by each Step 12 sum value. If the result for any pair
exceeds 0.10, the test is considered failed.
14. Repeat Steps 8 through 13 using the Small Focal Spot.
15. If the unit fails any part of the above test, first recheck all calculations, then repeat the
tests. Failure to meet these performance standards indicates the need to check the x-ray
tube’s kV, mA, and mR outputs.
1. On the IRSD, place 6.0 cm of acrylic attenuation on an empty cassette. Position a radia-
tion probe (10 square cm) on top of the phantom.
2. Align the probe position with the AEC sensor at front center on the IRSD. Use the light
field and collimate the x-ray field to the approximate size of the probe.
3. Set the unit for an Auto-Filter exposure using the Large focal spot. Make 10 exposures
and record the milliroentgen readings for each exposure.
4. Calculate the average milliroentgen reading. Subtract each actual reading from the aver-
age. Square each difference. Add the squares and divide their sum by 9. Take the square
root of the result.
5. Divide the number obtained in Step 3 by the average milliroentgen reading. The quo-
tient, called the coefficient of variation, must be less than 0.05.
Note… Use the same Bucky device, cassette, and film type for all exposures.
1. Rotate the C-arm to 0°. Set the unit for an Auto-Time, 25 kV exposure, Large spot, Nor-
mal density. Select the Film Type being used.
2. Place a loaded cassette in the Bucky device, then place 2.0 cm of BR-12 (or PMMA
acrylic) on the Bucky Device. Hold the attenuation in place with the Compression
Device.
3. Make an exposure. Verify a low mAs reading is obtained (nominally between 12 and 40
mAs, dependent on film speed). If the mAs reading is above or below the specified
range, add attenuation to increase mAs, or remove attenuation to decrease mAs.
4. Reload the Bucky (using the same cassette and film type), and repeat the exposure. Ver-
ify that the mAs falls within the specified range. If it does, remove the cassette and
develop the film. Verify the absence of grid lines (SRL 2000 Bucky) or grid patterns (HTC
Bucky) in the developed film.
5. Place 5.0 cm of BR-12 (or PMMA acrylic) on the Bucky and hold it in place with the
paddle. Reload the same cassette with the same film type, then load it into the same
Bucky.
6. Make an exposure using the technique factors from Step 1. Verify a high mAs reading is
obtained (nominally between 200 and 400 mAs, dependent on film speed). If the mAs
reading is above or below the specified range, add attenuation to increase mAs, or
remove attenuation to decrease mAs.
7. Reload the Bucky (using the same cassette and film type), and repeat the exposure. Ver-
ify that the mAs falls within the specified range. If it does, remove the cassette and
develop the film. Verify the absence of grid lines (SRL 2000 Bucky) or grid patterns (HTC
Bucky) in the developed film.
8. Repeat Steps 1 through 7 with the C-arm rotated to -90° (grid travel in the direction of
gravitational pull). Verify the absence of grid lines (SRL 2000 Bucky) or grid patterns
(HTC Bucky) on the developed film for all exposures.
9. Repeat Steps 1 through 7 with the C-arm rotated to +90° (grid travel against the direction
of gravitational pull). Verify the absence of grid lines (SRL 2000 Bucky) or grid patterns
(HTC Bucky) on the developed film for all exposures.
10. Repeat the entire procedure for the 24 x 30 cm Bucky Device.
2. Set the unit for an Auto-Time exposure at 28 kV, Large focal spot. Set the Density com-
pensation to +5, and select the film type being used.
3. Make an exposure and verify that the post-exposure mAs value is less than 5 mAs and
the message “ERROR 21: EXP TIME” appears. (For complete alert code definition, refer
to Chapter 5, Table 5-2.)
4. Verify that the unit displays a caution that informs the user that the calculated exposure
has exceeded the maximum. Try to make another exposure before resetting the unit and
verify that x-ray generation is prevented.
5. Clear the message by pressing Reset. Repeat the test at 35 kV, Small focal spot, and verify
the same caution appears in the message area.
G
Collimate the x-ray field to the
C
E
18 x 24 cm field size.
D
A
3. Position the probe beneath the
H
B
5c
F
image receptor support relative m
to the center of the hole in the
lead sheet. Raise or lower the
support stand until the probe is SCATTER
exactly 5 cm below the bottom PROBE
of the IRSD. Face the probe’s
detector surface toward the x-
ray source.
Figure 4-8: IRSD Shielding Check
4. Apply power, then set the unit
for a Manual mode exposure at
39 kV, 220 mAs, Large focal spot. Conduct the exposure and record the mR reading. If
the reading is greater than 0.10 mR, contact LORAD Technical Support.
5. Repeat this entire procedure for positions “B,” “C,” and “D” in Figure 4-8.
6. Install the 24 x 30 cm Bucky (if used). Repeat this test for positions “E”, “F”, “G” and “H”
(Figure 4-8) for the 24 x 30 cm Bucky.
7. If there are any readings greater than 0.10 mR, contact LORAD Technical Support.
Since it is necessary to make repetitive exposures, the system can be set so that there is only
a fifteen-second Standby interval between exposures. On the Microprocessor Board, set DIP
Switch S2 switch 1 to ON. Remember to set this switch to OFF at the end of this procedure.
Below is the recommended method to use when making exposures and determining
required adjustments during this procedure:
1. Make one exposure per edge (e.g., concentrate only on evaluating one edge each time
an exposure is made).
2. Use short exposure durations (one to two seconds).
3. Remember the direction of movement for that edge, and the approximate distance
required for the movement each time an exposure is made.
Keep in mind, attempting to remember the directions and amounts for more than one edge at
a time requires longer exposures, and usually, the same number of exposures as would be
necessary when doing one edge at a time.
Note… Not all apertures are standard equipment on the Affinity. Perform the
sections applicable to the apertures packaged with the unit.
4. Adjust the Affinity apertures (shown in Figure 4-12) in the order shown below:
• Section 7.4, Auto Aperture Alignment
• Section 7.5, Magnification Full Field (18 x 24 cm) Aperture Alignment (SM FS)
• Section 7.6, 10 cm Coned-down Contact Aperture Alignment (LG FS)
• Section 7.7, 7.5 cm Spot Contact Aperture Alignment (LG FS)
• Section 7.8, 7.5 cm Spot Magnification Aperture Alignment (SM FS)
Legend for Figure 4-11
1. Top Plate
2. Left/Back Alignment Blade
3. Right/Front Alignment Blade
4. Base Plate
4 5
Note… The Auto Aperture must be retracted for this procedure by placing a 24 x 30
cm Cassette Sensor Simulator on the breast tray. (Use the Image Receptor
Phantom Tool, PN 9-060-0403 or, if not available, strips of reflective tape
can be used.)
1. Remove the four outer screws securing the top plate of the Aperture (Figure 4-
11, Item 1).
2. Remove the top plate and left/back alignment blade (Figure 4-11, Item 2).
3. Slightly loosen the two inner screws securing the lower right/front alignment
blade (Figure 4-11, Item 3) to the base plate (Figure 4-11, Item 4) of the
aperture. Loosen just enough so that minimal effort is required to move the
blade.
4. Slide the Auto Aperture into the tubehead slot.
5. Set the exposure techniques for Large focal spot, Manual, 25 kV and 100 mAs.
6. Making exposures as necessary, adjust the right and front edges of the blade to
align within the markings on the alignment template (Figure 4-10).
7. Tighten the two inner screws, securing the right and front edges to the aperture
base plate.
8. Remove the Auto Aperture from the tubehead slot.
9. Replace the top plate and left/back alignment blade. Leave the screws loose
enough so minimal effort is required to move the blade.
10. Slide the Auto Aperture into the tubehead slot.
11. Making exposures as necessary, adjust the left and rear edges of the blade to
align within the markings on the alignment template.
12. Tighten the four outer screws, securing both shields to the upper and lower
aperture plates.
13. Verify the beam position again to ensure the blades did not move when
tightening the hardware.
Note… A blocker is anything that can be inserted into the aperture sensor (i.e.
cotton swabs, wadded paper) that will make the sensor think an aperture is
installed.
3. Initiate an exposure and note the location of the edges of the x-ray beam relative
to the 18 x 24 cm markings on the alignment template. If the edges of the beam
are not aligned properly, adjust the auto aperture as follows:
A. Slightly loosen the four screws (Figure 4-13, Item 1) securing the auto aper-
ture adjustment blades just enough so that minimal effort is required to
move the blades.
B. Making exposures as necessary, adjust the rear blade so that it is parallel to
the rear edge markings on the alignment template.
Caution: Never backdrive any axis (manually turning worm gear (Figure 4-13, Item
3) on the auto aperture motor) because it will destroy the gearhead.
Always use the motor control (SW1 on Tubehead Control Board) to move
around each axis.
C. If the back edge field adjustment is off, reposition by relocating the auto
aperture sensor to match the new location of the rear edge of the aperture.
Cycle the IN/OUT position of the auto aperture by using SW1 on the Tube-
head Control Board, take exposures and verify position.
D. Making exposures as necessary, adjust the right blade to align within the
markings on the alignment template. Tighten the two screws securing the
blade.
E. Making exposures as necessary, adjust the left blade to align within the
markings on the alignment template. Tighten all screws (including the sen-
sor screw).
7.5 Magnification Full Field (18 x 24 cm) Aperture Alignment (SM FS)
Note… The Auto Aperture must be retracted for this procedure by placing a 24 x 30
cm Cassette Sensor Simulator on the breast tray. (Use the Image Receptor
Phantom Tool, PN 9-060-0403 or, if not available, strips of reflective tape
can be used.)
1. Remove the four outer screws securing the top plate of the Aperture (Figure 4-11, Item
1).
2. Remove the top plate and left/back alignment blade (Figure 4-11, Item 2).
3. Slightly loosen the two inner screws securing the lower right/front blade (Figure 4-11,
Item 3) to the base plate (Figure 4-11, Item 4) of the aperture, just enough so that mini-
mal effort is required to move the blade.
4. Insert the aperture into the tubehead slot.
5. Set the exposure techniques for Small focal spot, Manual, 25 kV and 100 mAs.
6. Making exposures as necessary, adjust the right and front edges of the blade to align
within the markings on the alignment template.
7. Tighten the two inner screws, securing the lower shield to the aperture base plate.
8. Remove the Auto Aperture from the tubehead slot.
9. Replace the top plate and left alignment blade. Leave the screws loose enough so mini-
mal effort is required to move the blade.
10. Slide the Auto Aperture into the tubehead slot.
11. Make exposures as necessary to adjust the left and rear edges of the blade to align within
the markings on the alignment template.
12. Tighten the four outer screws, securing both shields to the upper and lower aperture
plates.
13. Verify the beam position again to ensure that the blades did not move when tightening
the hardware.
F. Lateral Position: alignment of left and right edges - Loosen the screws (Fig-
ure 4-14, Item 2) and move the lamp toward the left to move the light field
to the right; move the lamp toward the right to move the light field to the
left.
G. Overall Size: overall area of pattern (combined length and width) - loosen
the screws securing the bracket to the C-arm frame (Figure 4-14, Item 3) and
move the entire bracket forward (toward patient) to expand the Light Field
area; move it back to contract the Light Field area.
3. Remove the template and screen, then install a loaded 24 x 30 cm cassette in a Bucky
device and mount it onto the image receptor support. Press the Light field button to
project the lighted area onto the Bucky.
4. Accurately mark the edges of the light field on the Bucky surface using the Alignment
Bars (PN 9-060-0173). Mark the front edge with a paper clip for orientation.
5. Set the unit for a Manual mode exposure at 22 kV, 48 mAs, Large focal spot. Step behind
the radiation shield, then conduct an exposure. Remove the cassette and develop the
film.
6. Compare the edges of the image area with the white marks made by the pieces of wire
or solder. The total mis-alignment of the edges of the light field with respect to the expo-
sure field, (along either the length or the width) shall not exceed 2% of SID (1.3 cm).
Note… Inability to accurately align the Light Field with the x-ray image area may
indicate aperture plate mis-alignment.
7. Remove the auto aperture and the Bucky device. Install the 18 x 24 cm Small Focal Spot
Aperture (refer to Figure 4-12), then position the X-ray Beam alignment template (Figure
4-10) on the IRSD. Select the Small focal spot, then press the light field lamp button.
Compare the edges of the light field (18 x 24 cm Small Spot) to the markings on the tem-
plate.
8. Make lamp adjustments per steps 2 (A = longitudinal, B = lateral & C = overall) to make
the light field congruent to the x-ray field.
9. Remove the template and screen, then block the outermost (left side) accessory detector
on the IRSD using reflective material (to simulate the smaller film format). Install a
loaded 24 x 30 cm cassette in a Bucky device and mount it onto the image receptor sup-
port. Press the Light field button to project the lighted area onto the Bucky.
10. Accurately mark the edges of the light field on the Bucky surface using the Alignment
Bars (PN 9-060-0173). Mark the front edge with a paper clip for orientation.
11. Set the unit for a Manual mode exposure at 22 kV, 48 mAs, Small focal spot. Step behind
the radiation shield, then conduct an exposure. Remove the cassette and develop the
film.
12. Compare the edges of the image area with the marks made by the Alignment Bars (PN 9-
060-0173). The total mis-alignment of the edges of the light field with respect to the
exposure field, (along either the length or the width) shall not exceed 2% of SID (1.3
cm).
13. Make light field size adjustments (see Figure 4-14) as necessary for both the large and
small focal spots, then repeat the exposures. Continue the checks and adjustments until
the light field is congruent with the x-ray field for both focal spots.
13. Press a compression down control to move the compression device down approximately
5.0 cm, then manually move it down an additional 2.0 cm. Repeat the chain tension
check in Step 10.
14. Continue moving the compression device downward, alternating between motorized
and manual movement, until the entire compression range is checked.
15. If any chain tension adjustments are required, repeat the tension check from the begin-
ning. When complete, replace the covers removed previously.
16. Install a Bucky device, a compression paddle and 5.0 cm of BR-12.
17. Use motorized compression to lower the compression paddle until it just touches the
acrylic. Use manual compression to apply 133.5 N (30 lb) of force onto the acrylic.
18. Press Reset + Comp. Release together to send the compression thickness calibration data
to the microprocessor.
19. Raise the compression paddle, remove the acrylic from the receptor support, then return
the unit to the user mode (S2 switch 1 = OFF).
If the load cell is replaced in the field, perform the following to select the type load cell
installed:
1. Set the unit for the service mode (S2 switch 1 = ON). Access Calibration Screen #3 after
power up. Highlight the Load Cell data field using the Cursor keys.
2. Press a Change key until the type load cell installed is displayed in the field. Press Reset
+ Comp. Release together to initiate the change.
3. Perform the following procedures prior to releasing the unit to the user.
• Chapter 4, Section 3.1, Compression Force Calibration
• Chapter 4, Section 3.2, Compression Thickness Calibration
Chapter 5: Maintenance—General
1.0 Introduction
This chapter provides general information to aid the Service Engineer in maintaining the
Affinity. The information covered in this chapter is as follows:
• Preventive Maintenance (Section 2.0)
• Troubleshooting (Section 3.0)
Frequency PM Refer to
D; AR Pre-Power Up Checks Chapter 3, Section 2.1
D; AR Post Power Up Checks Chapter 3, Section 2.3
S C-arm Safety Function Check Chapter 4,
AR C-arm Safety Microprocessor Chapter 4, Section 8.4
Board Calibration
S Tube Voltage Calibration Chapter 4, Section 4.1
S Filament Current Calibration Chapter 4, Section 4.3
S Automatic Exposure Control Sys- Chapter 4, Section 5.0
tem Calibration
S Compression System Calibration Chapter 4, Section 3.0
S X-ray System Performance Chapter 4, Section 4.0
Checks
S System Level Performance Chapter 4, Section 6.0
Checks
A X-ray Field Alignment Check Chapter 4, Section 7.0
A Light Field Alignment Check Chapter 4, Section 7.10
3.0 Troubleshooting
This section provides an overview of system theory of operation and the system Alert Codes.
The theory of operation and Alert Codes can be used in conjunction with the Test Point and
LED Indicators Reference Tables found in Appendix B and the Schematic Package (PN 9-
500-0269) for troubleshooting the Affinity.
Output) ports. The Control Panel may be remotely located up to 50 feet from the
Gantry. The control panel contains the display screen, the display scroll and change
keys, reset switch, exposure initiate switch, compression release switch, and the
visual x-ray on indicator.
Two screens appear during the "power on" cycle to indicate the Control Panel and
Gantry configurations.
The "RUN" screen appears after the power on cycle. When all interlocks are satisfied
the message area displays "READY". At this point an exposure may be initiated.
There are several additional screens (User Default, Exposure Default, and four
Service screens) that are accessed by pressing the RESET and a Scroll arrow (->) key.
These screens permit the user to set power-on default settings and permit the service
engineer to access calibration settings.
The microprocessor in the Operator Control Panel is a Motorola HC-16 series with
support RAM, EPROM, and Video RAM chips. The display is a one-quarter VGA
LCD with backlight. The audible alert for x-ray indication is resident to the
Microprocessor board. A connector is supplied to permit the use of an external x-ray
switch. The board is supplied with +12 VDC and is regulated down to +5 VDC for
circuit operation.
Communications Interface
The Communications Interface PCB distributes fused low voltage to the system, as
well as being the communications interface between the Host microprocessor and
all sub-systems.
C-arm Safety
The C-arm Safety PCB reads the output of a strain gauge mounted to the vertical
travel assembly (VTA). This output represents the external force applied to the C-arm
in the downward motion, and the circuit is calibrated to inhibit the VTA down motor
drive upon sensing approximately 35 pounds (154 Newtons) of applied pressure.
The inhibit signal is monitored by the Host microprocessor and in turn is
communicated to the Power Control PCB to inhibit the VTA down drive.
Power Control
The Power Control PCB controls the following system functions:
• Collimator lamp power
• Compression motor drive
• Compression motor brake
• Rotation Lock release
• VTA actuator drive
All input signals come from the Host microprocessor PCB.
Filament Bias
There is a negative bias voltage applied between filament common and the x-ray
tube grid. This voltage is derived from a dc-to-dc converter to two potentiometers,
one for the small and one for the large filaments, which are factory adjusted to a pre-
determined value. This bias voltage is utilized to highly reduce the off-focus
radiation and to improve the focal spot distribution characteristics.
Stator Control
The stator drive is derived using the high-voltage inverter. During the ROTOR
BOOST period, a 180 Hz signal is applied to the HV inverter and its output is
applied to the stator coil through relay K1. This stator has two windings, main and
phase, with a common return. The common return is sensed for current flow during
the boost period and after a specified period of time, reports a "Rotor Ready" signal
to the Host microprocessor. There is now drive voltage to the stator coil during the
exposure. A 90 VDC signal is applied at the end of an exposure to "brake" the rotor
below its mechanical resonance frequency. This function resides on both the Power
Control PCB and the Inverter PCB.
High Voltage Control
The high voltage (HV) is derived using the PWM servo control in the inverter. The
output of the inverter is applied through relay K1 to the primary of the HV
transformer. The output of the transformer is rectified and multiplied in the multiplier
section and applied to the anode of the x-ray tube. There is a sensing coil at the
output of the multiplier to detect any large current spikes due to tube arcing and is
used to shut down the HV drive. There is also a HV divider within the multiplier that
returns the voltage value as a feedback signal to control the HV during the exposure.
An additional HV connector is available for external measurement of the actual HV.
An analog signal is applied to the Power Control PCB from the Host microprocessor
which represents the kV value selected by the technique. This value becomes the
input to the PWM to control the actual output kV value. The feedback signal is fed to
the Host microprocessor and compared with the desired value to provide servo
control during the exposure of the actual kV value.
1. Connect the laptop computer to the Affinity System using the Null-Modem Cable as
shown in Figure 5-1.
Note… Care must be taken to avoid selection of INIT CAL DATA option in the
Special command field. When selected and initiated, this field will reset all
calibration data.
2. Press Reset + Comp Rel to access the Alert Codes Log.
3. The title of the log, # of records, and CMD line will appear on the display
screen, along with the first page of alert codes. Use scroll keys to view the log.
4. Select (using the change keys) the DOWNLOAD command.
5. Press Reset + Comp Rel to initiate data transfer.
6. Select (using the change keys) the CLEAR command.
7. Press Reset + Comp Rel to clear the log.
8. Verify there are now no records in the log.
9. From the computer, the log can now be printed or appended.
Note… Care must be taken to avoid selection of INIT CAL DATA option in the
Special command field. When selected and initiated, this field will reset all
calibration data.
2. Set up Hyperterm to display downloading data and select Capture Text from the
Transfer Menu. Type in an appropriate path and set the file name to any VALID
FILE NAME.TXT, include machine identification (e.g., DOWN1.TXT).
3. Press Reset + Comp Rel to automatically download the calibration data to the
laptop.
4. When complete, the message area on the display screen will show
DOWNLOAD COMPLETE. On the HyperTerm, select Transfer - Capture Data -
Stop. Verify that the data downloaded correctly by examining the text file
established in Step 2.
5. From the computer, the log can now be printed or appended.
1.0 Introduction
This chapter details the remove and replace procedures for the Affinity. Where necessary,
references are given for performing required alignment and/or adjustment procedures.
• Section 2.0 provides the remove and replace procedures for the compo-
nents within the Gantry.
• Section 3.0 provides the remove and replace procedures for the compo-
nents within the C-arm Assembly.
Only LORAD-authorized, trained service engineers can service this mammography system.
The unit is designed for module-level repair. When a defective module (assembly) is
identified, the technician replaces it with a new one.
Note… When servicing the Affinity, if a procedure instructs you to remove any
covers or panels, do not replace the covers until all required procedures
(e.g., calibrations, adjustments, tests, remove and replace, etc.) are
completed.
6
2 14 3
7
11 12
10
8
4
13 5
9
STOP
4. Disconnect the wiring harnesses from their receptacles. Tag each connector
with its receptacle designation.
5. Pull the chassis completely out of the Gantry.
6. Reverse these procedures to replace the panel.
D. On the HV Inverter board, disconnect GJ2, GJ3, and GJ5. Remove any
installed cables ties.
E. Remove the Ribbon Cable between the HV Inverter board and the HV Con-
trol Filament board. Set aside for re-installation later.
F. On the HV Control Filament board, disconnect MJ1, MJ2, MJ4, MJ5, MJ6,
MJ7 and MJ8.
G. Remove the 6 screws securing the HV Control Filament board to the stand-
offs on the mounting plate. Remove board from standoffs and set aside.
H. Remove the 13 screws securing the HV Inverter board to the standoffs on
the mounting plate. Remove board from standoffs and set aside.
I. Locate and remove the 5 phillips screws securing the lower portion of the
mounting plate to the Gantry frame.
4. On the HV Inverter board, disconnect GJ3 and GJ5. Remove any installed cable ties.
5. On the HV Control Filament board, disconnect MJ4, MJ5, MJ6, MJ7 and MJ8.
6. Loosen the uppermost mounting screws securing the HV Generator Assembly mounting
plate to the Gantry.
7. While maintaining a secure hold on the HV Generator Assembly, remove the remaining
screws securing the assembly to the Gantry frame. Slide the assembly up and out of the
Gantry.
8. Reverse these procedures to replace the HV Generator Assembly.
9. Perform the following procedures before returning unit to service:
• Chapter 4, Section 4.1, Tube Voltage Calibration
• Chapter 4, Section 4.3, Filament Current (mA) Calibration
• Chapter 4, Section 9.1,kV Control Offset Calibration, p. 59
1. Before replacing the Microprocessor Board, or the calibration data storage bat-
tery, record all of the system defaults on the Default Worksheet (see Operator’s
Manual for User and Exposure Default Worksheets) and download the calibra-
tion data as per Chapter 5, Section 3.3.2.
2. Remove power to unit and access the Microprocessor Board by removing the
right side Gantry cover as per Section 2.1.1.
Notes… If it is only necessary to replace the calibration storage battery, skip to step 7
now.
If it is only necessary to replace the firmware chip (U29), skip to step 8 now.
3. Remove all of the wire harness connectors from their jacks at AJ2, AJ3, AJ5, AJ6,
AJ8, AJ11, AJ13, AJ14, AJ16, AJ20, AJ27, AJ28, AJ29, AJ31 and AJ32.
4. Remove the data ribbon cables from their connectors at AJ12, AJ22, AJ23 and
AJ25.
5. Lift the board off of the 7 “squeeze” type standoffs.
6. Reverse Steps 2 through 5 to replace the Microprocessor Board. Skip to Step 9.
7. If the calibration data storage battery is being replaced, follow the
manufacturer’s instructions for replacing the battery. Skip to Step 9.
8. Replace the firmware chip (U29) as per Section 2.5.2, then go to Step 9.
9. Turn power on to unit, and upload the calibration data as per Chapter 5, Section
3.3.3.
10. Perform the following setup and calibration procedures before releasing the unit
to the user:
• Chapter 3, Section 4.0, Setting User Defaults
• Chapter 4, Section 4.1, Tube Voltage Calibration
• Chapter 4, Section 4.3, Filament Current (mA) Calibration
• Chapter 4, Section 5.3, Initial Calibration—Large Focal Spot (Mo)
• Chapter 4, Section 3.1, Compression Force Calibration
• Chapter 4, Section 3.2, Compression Thickness Calibration
• Chapter 4, Section 9.1, kV Control Offset Calibration
Note… The replacement board must be calibrated before the unit is release to the
user.
5. Plug the 2 previously removed power wires onto their respective lugs on the
replacement microswitch. Install the new switch, but do not tighten the
mounting screws.
6. Plug the unit in and apply power. With the C-arm still at the vertical (0°), verify
that the trigger arm roller is in the cam detent.
7. Adjust the switch height so that the switch actuator arm just closes the switch,
then tighten the mounting hardware. Verify that the C-arm Angle Displays read
0°.
8. Rotate the C-arm and verify that the switch opens when the trigger arm roller is
out of the cam detent.
9. Rotate the C-arm to the following detent positions and verify correct angle
display readings: ±45°, ±90°, ±135°, +180°.
10. Remove the actuator assembly from the machine by pulling the motor forward
and sliding the lead screw down, then out of the VTA isolation mount.
11. To install the replacement actuator assembly, tilt the actuator lead screw toward
the unit, then slide the lead screw up and through the top isolation mount.
12. Position the actuator motor into the bottom isolation mount, then align the holes
in the mount with the hole in the base of the motor assembly.
13. Insert the clevis pin through the holes, then replace the spring clip to secure the
clevis pin.
14. Thread the hub nut along the lead screw until its top surface is approximately 5-
5/8" from where the lead screw enters the motor assembly.
15. Plug the 4-pin connector into the motor.
19. Turn the jam nut to move it up the lead screw until it contacts the bottom of the
hub nut. When contact is made, lower the jam nut just until the threaded hole
in its side faces the direction of the standoff on the isolation mount. Finally,
lower the jam nut one complete turn.
20. Secure the jam nut bracket to the standoff on the isolation mount using a button-
head screw, then tighten the screw that secures the bracket to the jam nut.
21. Grease the lead screw, then remove the shipping collar installed previously.
22. Reinstall all previously removed covers and panels.
23. Perform the following calibration procedures:
• Chapter 4, Section 8.4, C-arm Safety Microprocessor Board Calibration/Vertical
Drive Force Load Cell Setting
Use the following legend and illustration as a guide for parts identification on the Tubehead
and on the Beam Limiting Assembly (refer to Figure 6-16).
C
M
Figure 6-16: Tubehead / Beam Limiting Components
Use the following legend and illustration as a guide for parts identification on the
Compression Device (refer to Figure 6-17).
Legend for Figure 6-17
1. Compression Motor & Brake
Assembly
2. Compression Clutch & Clutch
Brake Assembly
3. Compression Force & Thickness
Display Board
4. Compression Tray Board
5. Compression Thickness
Potentiometer
6. Compression Timing Belt
7. Compression Chain
4. To remove, pull the sides of the shield out (away from the tubehead), then slide
the shield off the mount.
Notes… For exposure other than magnification studies, always ensure that the Face
Shield is attached. Remember to check its condition prior to use each day.
The face shield does not offer protection from exposure through the acrylic.
3. Disconnect the wiring harness from the jack on the circuit board.
4. Remove the 2 screws that secure the detect board to the board mount on the C-
arm frame. Pull the board from the unit.
5. Install the replacement C-arm Accessory Detect Board by reversing this
procedure.
6. Apply power. Using a piece of paper or cardboard, block each sensor
individually and verify the Run Mode Screen changes accordingly.
aperture slot.
Rh
10. Install the high voltage lead and the filament connector to their receptacles on
the rear of the x-ray tube.
11. Reset the Exposure Counter.
12. Perform the following exposure system setup procedures:
Section 4.1, Tube Voltage Calibration
Section 4.3, Filament Current (mA) Calibration
Section 5.3, Initial Calibration—Large Focal Spot (Mo)
When the exposure control system is calibrated, perform the following compliance
checks (Chapter 4):
• Section 6.1, Half-Value Layer
• Section 6.2, Reproducibility and Linearity in Manual Mode
• Section 6.3, Reproducibility in Auto-Time Mode
• Section 6.4, Reproducibility in Auto-kV Mode
• Section 6.5, Reproducibility in Auto-Filter Mode
• Section 7.0, X-ray and Light Field Check and Alignment Procedures
• Section 5.1, AEC Detector Gain Calibration
3.2.2.1 Exposure Counter Reset
The Affinity Series keeps track of the number of exposures made. Whenever the
x-ray tube is replaced, it will be necessary to clear - or reset - the exposure
counter to accurately tabulate the number of exposures made with the new x-
ray tube.
Note… This procedure is only necessary after installing a replacement x-ray tube.
1. Set the unit for the service mode (S2 switch 1 = ON).
2. Access the Debug Screen (Chapter 3, Figure 3-10) and record the number of
exposures taken since last reset (data line EXP:).
3. Access Calibration Screen #3 (Table 4-2) after power up.
4. Highlight the Special data field. Press a Change key until the field reads:
Clear Exp Cnt
5. Press Reset + Comp. Release together to reset the exposure counter.
6. Return the unit to the user mode (S2 switch 1 = OFF).
Note… If it is only necessary to replace the firmware chip (U9), skip to Step 6 now.
2. Disconnect the wiring harness connectors on the Tubehead Control Board
(Figure 6-26). Note locations.
S1 S2 S3 S4
3. Remove the five screws that secure the Tubehead Control Board to the standoffs
on the tubehead chassis.
4. Pull the board out of the unit.
5. Reverse procedures to replace the board. Skip to Step 7.
6. Replace the Firmware Chip (U9) as per Section 2.5.2, Firmware Replacement,
then go to Step 7.
7. Verify the board operation as follows (refer to Table 6-1and Figure 6-26):
A. Turn power ON to unit.
B. Press S1 once on Tubehead Control Board, verify the auto aperture moves
out of the field.
C. Press S1 a second time, verify the auto aperture moves back in.
D. Press S2, verify the lamp and mirror assemblies move out of field.
E. Press S4, verify the lamp and mirror assemblies move back in.
F. Press S3, verify the filter select mechanism changes position.
G. Press S4, verify the entire collimator assembly cycles in and out of field.
Table 6-1: Tubehead Control Board Push Button Switches.
Switch Function
S1 Auto Aperture Select
S2 Light Field Lamp Assy/Motorized Mirror Assy Select
S3 Filter Select
S4 Collimator Assy Select
A. Block each sensor with a piece of dark color paper. The left most sensor is
sensor #1; the right most sensor is sensor #4.
B. A corresponding LED on the Tubehead Control Board will light when each
sensor is blocked, then go out when unblocked (see the matrix below).
Optical Sensor 1 2 3 4
Tubehead Control Board LED D3 D2 D5 D4
Note… The top and bottom Compression Device covers are fastened to the
compression bellows. Use care not to damage the bellows when removing
these covers.
1. Remove the mounting hardware that fastens the Compression Device covers
(top and bottom) to the Compression Device. (See Figure 6-17.)
2. Carefully lift the covers off the Compression Device to access the following
components:
• Compression Clutch
• Compression Clutch brake
• Compression Drive
• Compression Brake
• Compression Tray Sensor Board
• Compression Force and Thickness Boards
3. Disconnect the wiring between the covers and the Compression Device,
including 1 ground wire for each cover.
4. Reverse procedures to replace the Compression Device Covers.
Note… The cam-lock set screw is recessed further in the compression motor
sprocket than the key-way set screw, which is flush when tight.
4. Turn the handwheel again to continue rotating the motor sprocket to access the
key-way set screws. Loosen this set screw 1/2-turn.
5. Remove the 2 screws (Figure 6-32, Item 1) that hold the compression motor and
the motor mounting plate to the C-arm rail. Remove the motor and mounting
plate from the C-arm.
6. Note the polarity of the wires on the compression motor, then disconnect them.
Pull the motor out from the mounting plate, until the motor shaft clears the
plate, then pull the motor out from the C-arm.
7. Transfer the mounting plate to the new motor, then reverse this procedure to
install the replacement motor assembly.
8. Apply power and verify that the motor works by cycling the motor in each
direction using the compression controls.
6. Install a compression paddle and check that system status changes from
“Standby” to “Ready”. Remove the paddle and verify that system status returns
to “Standby”.
7. Gently thread timing belt down and out of the pulleys. Check timing belt, if
damaged, replace as follows:
A. Remove the IRSD covers as per Section 3.4.1.
B. Through the rear of the IRSD and under the bellows assembly, locate and
loosen two screws securing the belt in the lower clamp block. Remove belt
and discard.
C. Insert the new belt through the lower clamp on the Tubehead Support Plate.
Tighten screws enough to secure belt in place.
8. Locate 3 colored wires soldered to potentiometer. Note the colored wire for
each post and desolder wires. Refer to Figure 6-37.
1 3 4
Pin 2
Pin 3
Pin 1
2
5
9. Remove screws from potentiometer bracket and pull from compression device.
10. Loosen the clamp screw (1) on the end of the potentiometer (2) shaft. Remove
the clamp and the sprocket (3) together.
11. Remove the hex nut (4) that secures the potentiometer to the mounting bracket
(5). Slide the potentiometer off the bracket.
12. To replace the compression display potentiometer, reverse Steps 8 through 11
above. Do not tighten clamp screw at this time.
13. Perform the Compression Display Potentiometer Adjustment as per Chapter 4,
Section 8.2.
14. Replace the IRSD covers, the tubehead covers, the compression device
assembly upper and lower covers, the C-arm bottom cover and left side cover.
15. Replace the compression accessory. Restore power to unit.
3. Slide the cover forward and off the support and set it aside. Use care not to
scratch the top cover coating.
4. Loosen and remove the 6 screws (Item 4) that hold the aluminum top plate to
the receptor support frame.
5. Lift the aluminum top plate off of the support. The AEC board, the AEC detector
board, and the image receptor detector board are mounted on the bottom of the
plate.
6. The AEC Position Compression Display Microprocessor is mounted on the IRSD
bottom plate.
1. Turn power OFF. Remove the IRSD covers as per Section 3.4.1. To replace the
board, go to Step 3.
2. If the software needs replaced, refer to Section 2.5.2, Firmware Replacement.
Replace the IRSD covers and go to Step 6.
3. Disconnect all cables and ground wires to the AEC Position Compression
Display Microprocessor Board (Figure 6-41, Item 1).
4. Remove the four nuts securing the board to the IRSD bottom plate.
5. To install the replacement AEC Position Compression Display Microprocessor
Board, reverse these steps.
6. When complete, perform the procedures listed below before releasing the unit
to the user:
• Chapter 4, Section 5.0, Automatic Exposure Control System Calibration
• Chapter 4, Section 6.10, IRSD Leakage Check
1.0 Instructions
This Chapter of the manual provides tabular listings of the serviceable components for the
Affinity. Part numbers and descriptions are provided for component identification.
Table 7-1: Gantry Cover, Control Panel and Internal Components—Parts List
Part Number Description Fig.#/Item # Refer To
1-003-0360 Assy, C-Arm Angle Display Figure 6-1/#1 Chapter 6, Section 2.2.1
1-700-0107 Assy, Emergency OFF Switch Figure 6-1/#2 Chapter 6, Section 2.2.2
3-000-5071 Assy, Power Distribution Figure 6-3/#3 Chapter 6, Section 2.1.4
3-000-5058 Assy, Control Unit Figure 6-6 Chapter 6, Section 2.3
1-003-0428 Assy, Display Microprocessor PCB Figure 6-6/#1 Chapter 6, Section 2.3.1
(part of Control Panel, Figure 6-1/#13)
1-510-0022 LCD Display Figure 6-6/#1 Chapter 6, Section 2.3.2
(part of Control Panel, Figure 6-1/#13)
1-070-5026 Circuit Breaker Dual 20A 25 Figure 6-1/#10 Chapter 6, Section 2.6.1
1-700-0018 C-Arm Angle Detent Microswitch Figure 6-1/#11 Chapter 6, Section 2.6.2
1-195-3058 C-Arm Rotation Potentiometer Figure 6-1/#12 Chapter 6, Section 2.6.3
(Potentiometer WW 10 T 5 K Ohm)
2-230-4002 Belt, Timing 3/32 x 32 Pitch Figure 6-12 Chapter 6, Section 2.6.3
3-000-5072 Assy, Actuator Figure 6-1/#13 Chapter 6, Section 2.6.4
Appendix A: Specifications
10 cm Contact/Magnification
10 cm Open (Rectangular) Localization
10 cm Perforated Localization
15 cm Contact/Magnification
15 cm Open (Rectangular) Localization
15 cm Perforated Localization
18 x 24 cm Full Field F.A.S.T. Paddles
24 x 30 cm Full Field F.A.S.T. Paddles
Ultrasound Paddle
The chest wall edge of the compression paddle
does not extend beyond the chest wall edge of
the image receptor by more than 1% of the
SID when tested with the compression paddle
placed above the breast support surface at a
distance equivalent to standard breast thick-
ness. The shadow of the vertical edge of the
compression paddle is not visible on the
image.
1.8 Apertures
There are six apertures for all combinations of paddles and receptors.
Auto Aperture
7.5 cm Spot Contact
7.5 cm Spot Magnification
10 cm Coned
Magnification Full Field
Stereo Aperture
1.9 Magnification
Magnification Factor 1.8X (2.25 cm above the surface) for platform
and table devices
Material of breast support surface
Platform: Polycarbonate
Table: Carbon Fiber
Size of breast support surface 12 x 16.5 cm minimum to provide full 18 x 24
cm full field magnification at 1.8X.
1.13 High Voltage Generator Specification (in compliance with IEC 601-2-
7)
Output Rating 3.2 kilowatt isowatt, minimum (100 mA @ 32
kV) at all loading times
Ripple Typically no greater than 2% with a maximum
of 4% at lower output loads (less than 2.2 kW)
and at high and low line voltages.
Topology Pulse-width-modulated High Frequency, active
servo-controlled. Dual Use of Inverter for HV
generation and for Rotor Supply
Timer An interval timer is used for the manual timing
as well as for the back-up-timer. There is an
additional hardware safety timer used to limit
the maximum exposure time to 6.5 seconds.
Manual mAs Range Small Focus: 3 through 150 mAs in 41 incre-
ments. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32.5, 35, 37.5, 40,
42.5, 45, 47.5, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85,
90, 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, and 150
mAs.
Large Focus: 3 through 500 mAs in 59 incre-
ments. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32.5, 35, 37.5, 40,
42.5, 45, 47.5, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85,
90, 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160,
170, 180, 190, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300,
325, 350, 375, and 400, 425, 450, 475, and
500 mAs.
Reproducibility 0.05 coefficient of variation for 10 consecutive
exposures, per 21CFR, 1020.31. Internal limit
= 0.04.
Linearity Radiation output versus selected mAs is less
than 0.10 for adjacent mAs selections as fol-
lows: (X1-X2) equal to less than 0.10 (X1 + X2)
where X1 and X2 are average mR/mAs values
Mode kV mAs
Auto-Time 20 to 39 kV 5 to 500 mAs
Auto-kV 25 to 30 kV 5 to 500 mAs
Auto-Filter 25 to 32 kV 5 to 500 mAs
1.0 Introduction
This Appendix provides tables used for identifying test points, LED indications, fuse identification and location,
jumpers, and accessory identification sensor combinations (image receptors) in the Affinity Series System.
Caution: Be aware of the damage static electricity can inflict on electronic components. Always wear a
grounded electrostatic discharge strap when handling static sensitive components.
Use the following test point tables as an aid for troubleshooting the Affinity.
• Table B-1 - Filament Protect Board (PN 1-003-0289).
• Table B-2 - Power Control Board (PN 1-003-0445).
• Table B-3 - C-arm Safety Board (PN 1-003-0440).
• Table B-4 - Display Microprocessor Board (PN 1-003-0428).
• Table B-5 - Tubehead Control Board (PN 1-003-0403).
• Table B-6 - AEC Position Compression Display Microprocessor (PN 1-003-0471).
• Table B-7 - AEC Position Compression Display Board, Right (PN 1-003-0472).
• Table B-8 - Auxiliary Power Distribution Board (PN 1-003-0489)
• Table B-9 - Communications Interface Board (PN 1-003-0434)
• Table B-10 - Host Microprocessor Board (PN 1-003-0493)
• Table B-11 - HV Control Filament Board (PN 1-003-0485)
Table B-6: AEC Position Compression Display Microprocessor (PN 1-003-0471) Test Points
Table B-7: AEC Position Compression Display (PN 1-003-0472) Test Points
Table B-8: Auxiliary Power Distribution Board (PN 1-003-0489) Test Points
LED Color LED “ON” Indication LED Color LED “ON” Indication
D4 RED GRID D40 GRN R+ 14 V
D29 RED HV Interlock D41 GRN HV Enable
D30 RED INV Interlock D43 RED Rotor Over Current
D32 RED ARC D57 RED Tube Over Current
D33 RED INV Over Current D67 GRN Filament Enable
D35 RED Tube Over Voltage D68 GRN SM Focal Spot
D37 GRN -15 V D70 GRN LG Focal Spot
D38 GRN +5 V D71 RED Over Current
D39 GRN +15 V D75 RED Over Voltage
5.0 Fuses
Figure B-1 shows the location of the fuses that are on the Affinity Series Gantry circuit boards. One additional fuse
is located on the Relay Protection Board (part of the Input Power Assembly Chassis). Refer to Table B-20 for rating
and part number information on the fuses.
6.0 Jumpers
The following tables show the Jumpers on the Affinity boards with the default (factory setting) configuration. The
jumpers should not be changed from the configuration shown unless directed to do so during a test, or calibration
procedure. Any time the jumper setting is changed, it must be returned to the default position unless the change
was made to establish new operating parameters.
• Table B-21 - Microprocessor Board (PN 1-003-0493) Jumper Settings
• Table B-22 - Communications Interface Board (PN 1-003-0434) Jumper Settings
• Table B-23 - C-Arm Safety Board (PN 1-003-0440) Jumper Settings
• Table B-24 - HV Control Filament Board (PN 1-003-0485) Jumper Settings
Table B-21: Microprocessor Board (PN 1-003-0493) Jumper Settings
JP2
1 2