SKEMA JAWAPAN

‘SELF LEARNING MODULE’

PHYSICS
PAPER 1
No. Soalan Jawapan No. Soalan Jawapan No. Soalan Jawapan
1 B 11 C 21 D
2 C 12 B 22 B
3 A 13 D 23 C
4 D 14 B 24 D
5 A 15 D 25 -
6 D 16 C 26 -
7 C 17 C 27 -
8 D 18 A 28 -
9 A 19 A 29 -
10 B 20 C 30 -

PAPER 2
SECTION A
1. (a)

(b) 1. virtual
2. erect (upright)
3. diminished (smaller)
any two

(c) m = = 0.35

2.(a) i. Convex mirror

ii. Convex mirror has a wider range of view compared to a plane mirror. The convex
mirror is placed at
the sharp corner so that it allows drivers to view other hidden vehicles.
 (b) i. Mirage
ii. Total internal reflection
3. (a) Simple microscope or magnifying glass
Mikroskop ringkas atau kanta pembesar

(b) (i)

(ii) Virtual, upright, magnifi ed./Maya, tegak, dibesarkan.

(c)

4.(a) Convex mirror

(b) Convex mirror has a wider view than a plane mirror.

ii. Virtual, upright, disminished

iii. Convex mirror always produces disminished image while shaving mirror produces
magnified image for near object.
5.(a) Refractive index of water = _ Real depth
Apparent depth
Apparent depth = 5 = 3.759 cm
1.33
 (b)

(c) Possible. This is because the ray from the small fish will be reflected back to the water
surface. Total internal reflection takes place. Hence, the ray will reach the eye of the big
fish.

(d) Cannot, because total internal reflection does not take place. This is because total
internal reflection only takes place when light rays travel from a denser medium to a less
dense medium. In this case glass is denser optically compared to water.
6. (a) (i) Concave mirror
(ii) 12 cm

(b)

7.(a) Diagram A: refraction of light

Diagram B: total internal reflection

(b) During twilight, the density of the layer of air near to earth is denser.
When the light of the sun enters the atmosphere, it is refracted and it bends towards
the direction of the
observer. But the observer can only see light as a straight line so the image of the sun
seen is as shown in C.

(c) i. During a hot day, the layer of the air near the earth is hotter and less dense. When the
light enters the
atmosphere, the light will be refracted away from the normal. When the angle of
refraction exceeds the
critical angle, total internal reflection will occur as shown in CD. Since the observer
only can see light as a
straight line, the light of the sky is seen as if the sky is above the earth and as if a
puddle of water is formed.
ii. Mirage
8. (a) By Snell’s law, let r be the angle of refraction,
 Refractive index = [1 m]

sin r =

==> r = 25.3° [1 m]
(b)

(c) The object is seen slightly displaced from its original position. [1 m]
9. (a) i. Yes
ii. Let the critical angle be c,
sin 90° × 1 = sin c ×
c = 48.6°
x =2 c = 97.2° (3 sig. Diagram )

(b) No

(c)

10. (a)

(b)
 (c) i. The focal length, f or 5.0 cm
Panjang fokus, f atau 5.0 cm.

ii.
i = 90° – 30° = 60°
r = 90° – 55° = 35°
Refractive index,
Indeks pembiasan,

11.(a) Refractive index, n = sin i ,

sin r
Indeks pembiasan, n = sin i ,
sin r
i = angle of incidence,
sudut tuju
r = angle of refraction
sudut pembiasan

(b) i. Speed of light along AB is slower than speed of light along BC.
Laju cahaya sepanjang AB adalah lebih perlahan dari pada laju cahaya sepanjang
BC.
ii. Refractive index of glass,
Indeks pembiasan kaca,
sin 65°
n= = 1.28
sin 45°

(c) i. Total internal reflection.

Pantulan dalam penuh cahaya
ii. Critical angle of glass is less than 45°.
Sudut genting kaca adalah kurang daripada 45°.
12. (a) i. Refraction of light
ii. The velocity of light rays changes when it travels from one medium to another.
 1. (a) Simple microscope or magnifying glass
Mikroskop ringkas atau kanta pembesar

(b) (i)

(ii) Virtual, upright, magnified.

Maya, tegak, dibesarkan.

(c)

2.(a) Total internal reflection

Pantulan dalam penuh.

(b) Refractive index = 1

sin C
Indeks biasan = 1
sin C
1
1.5 = —————
sin C
C = 41.8°
 (c) Because the value of the critical angle C is 41.80, hence the maximum value for angle
B is (90 – 41.8)0= 48.20.
Oleh sebab nilai minimum sudut C ialah 41.80, maka nilai maksimum bagi sudut B
ialah (90 – 41.8)0= 48.20.

(d) i. thick
tebal
ii. bent sharper
dibengkokkan secara lebih tajam
3.(a) (i) Cool air is denser than hot air.
Udara sejuk lebih tumpat daripada udara panas.
(ii) Refracted away from the normal.
Dibiaskan menjauhi normal.

(b) (i) Mirage

Logamaya
(ii) Total internal reflection
Pantulan dalam penuh

(c) – Light is refracted away from the normal when it travels from cool air to hot air.
Cahaya dibiaskan menjauhi normal apabila bergerak dari udara sejuk ke udara
panas.
– When the angle of incidence is greater than critical angle, total internal reflection
occurs.
Apabila sudut tuju lebih besar daripada sudut genting, pantulan dalam penuh
berlaku.

(d) Periscope//Binoculars
Periskop//Binokular
4. (a) (i)

(ii) At point O,
180° – 132° = 48°
θ = 48°

(b) The ray, QR, can be totally reflected when the incident angle PO is decreased.
 (c) – The incident angle must propagate from a denser medium to a less dense medium.
– The incident angle of the ray must be greater than the critical angle.

(d) R efra ctive index = ,

c = critical angle

5. (a) Concave mirror

(b) Diagram A: real and inverted

Diagram B: real and inverted

(c) (i)

(ii) 1. 30 cm
2. 10 cm
6.(a) To reflect all the light if receives back to lenses H and J.
Untuk memantulkan semua cahaya jika menerima balik kepada kanta H dan J.

(b) To refract the light through the slide to produce a bright image/ also to act as a heat
filter to block the slide from the strong heat of the lamp.
Untuk membiaskan cahaya melalui slaid itu untuk menghasilkan imej terang/ juga
untuk bertindak sebagai penapis haba untuk menghalang slaid itu daripada haba yang
kuat daripada lampu.

(c) Place the screen further away from lens K, or move lens K nearer the slide.
Meletakkan skrin itu jauh daripada kanta K, atau menggerakkan kanta K berdekatan
slaid itu.

(d)
7. (a) Refractive index of water =

Apparent depth = = 3.759 cm

(b)

(c) Possible. This is because the ray from the small fish will be reflected back to the water
surface. Total
internal reflection takes place. Hence, the ray will reach the eye of the big fish.

(d) Cannot, because total internal reflection does not take place. This is because total
internal reflection
only takes place when light rays travel from a denser medium to a less dense medium.
In this case glass is
denser optically compared to water.
8.(a) i and ii
 (c) Plane mirror

(d) i. Reflecting light from the car headlights back to the driver, giving an indication of its
position.

iii. They reflect light, so the vehicle can be easily seen. The back of the reflector is
covered with small plastic prisms, which refl ect the light (from the following vehicle’s
lights) by total internal reflection.
9.(a) A convex lens

(c) The image is real because it can be formed on a screen.

(d) i. The magnification of the image

ii. The focal length of the lens is 12 cm.

(e) When the upper half of the lens is covered by an opaque paper, the image formed on
the translucent screen will become dimmer.

(f) Hold a convex lens between a distant object and a screen. Adjust the distance between
the lens and the screen until a sharp image is formed on the screen. Measure the distance
between the lens and the screen.
This is the focal length of the lens.
10. (a) Reflection of light
Pantulan cahaya

(b) Virtual
Maya

(c)

11. (a) Prism periscope/Periskop berprisma

(b) (i) Label, draw and shade the glass prism in the correct position
Label, lukis dan lorek kedudukan prisma kaca dengan betul

(ii) So that total internal reflection occurs/i > c

Supaya pantulan dalam penuh berlaku/i > c

(c) (i) Draw the correct ray diagram.

Lukis rajah sinar yang betul.
 (ii) Virtual/Upright/Same size as the object
Maya/Tegak/Sama saiz dengan objek

(d)

c = 41.140
12. (a) The angle of incidence when the angle of refraction is 90°.
Sudut tuju apabila sudut biasan ialah 90°.

(b) The angle of incidence at point A is zero, so the angle of refraction is zero.
Sudut tuju pada titik A ialah sifar, maka sudut biasan juga sifar.

(c) (i) Prism P: Increase the angle of incidence/Rotate P anticlockwise/i > 45°
Prisma P: Menambahkan sudut tuju/ Putarkan P arah lawan jam/i > 45º
Prism Q: Reduce the angle of incidence/Rotate Q clockwise/i < 45°
Prisma Q: Kurangkan sudut tuju/ Putarkan Q arah ikut jam/i < 45º
(ii) Glass is denser than air.
Kaca adalah lebih tumpat daripada udara.
(iii) Diagram A: Refracts/Bends away from the normal
Rajah A: Membias/Membengkok menjauhi normal
Diagram B: Total internal reflection takes place/ Totally reflected
Rajah B: Pantulan dalam penuh berlaku/ Dipantulkan sepenuhnya

(d) Total internal reflection

Pantulan dalam penuh

SECTION B
1.(a) (i) Total internal reflection of light.
(ii) – Occurs on hot day.
– The image formed is virtual.
– The layer of air near the surface of the sand or road has a lower optical density (or
refractive index) due to heat expansion.
– Physics concept: mirage (total internal reflection)
– The cool air at the upper layer is denser than the hot air at the lower layer.
– The light from the sky is reflected gradually towards the horizontal after passing
through the different layers of air of different densities. Eventually it meets a layer of air
 near the ground at an angle greater than the critical angle and total internal reflection
occurs.

(b) – 100 % of the light is reflected back in the glass prism.

– The image formed is not doubled.
– Total internal reflection can take place.
– The image formed is clearer and brighter.

(c) – so that the image formed is real, inverted, magnified and can be formed on the screen.
– The real image formed is always inverted. In order to form an upright image, the
object(slide) should be placed upside down.

(d) – Two convex lenses with short and different focal lengths are chosen.
– The separation distance of the two convex lenses . f0 + fm
– The lens with the shorter focal length is used as the objective lens and the other one
acts as the eyepiece lens.
– The object should be placed between f0 and 2f0 for the objective lens so that the
image formed is real and magnified.
– The position of the eyepiece lens should be adjusted so that the image formed by the
objective lens can be formed at the position between the centre of the lens and the focal
point of the eyepiece lens.

2.(a) (i) Total internal reflection of light.

(ii) – Occurs on hot day.
– The image formed is virtual.
– The layer of air near the surface of the sand or road has a lower optical density (or
refractive
index) due to heat expansion.
– Physics concept: mirage (total internal reflection)
– The cool air at the upper layer is denser than the hot air at the lower layer.
– The light from the sky is reflected gradually towards the horizontal after passing
through
the different layers of air of different densities. Eventually it meets a layer of air
 near the
ground at an angle greater than the critical angle and total internal reflection
occurs.

(b) – 100 % of the light is reflected back in the glass prism.

– The image formed is not doubled.
– Total internal reflection can take place.
– The image formed is clearer and brighter.

(c) – so that the image formed is real, inverted, magnified and can be formed on the screen.
– The real image formed is always inverted. In order to form an upright image, the
object(slide)
should be placed upside down.

(d) – Two convex lenses with short and different focal lengths are chosen.
– The separation distance of the two convex lenses . f0+ fm
– The lens with the shorter focal length is used as the objective lens and the other one
acts as the
eyepiece lens.
– The object should be placed between f0 and 2f0 for the objective lens so that the
image formed is real
and magnified.
– The position of the eyepiece lens should be adjusted so that the image formed by the
objective lens can be formed at the position between the centre of the lens and the
focal point
of the eyepiece lens.

3.(a) (i) A virtual image is an image that cannot be formed on a screen.

Imej maya adalah imej yang tidak dapat terbentuk pada skrin.
(ii) – Lens J is thicker than lens K.
Kanta J Iebih tebal daripada kanta K.
– The focal length of lens K is longer than that of lens J.
Panjang fokus kanta K adalah Iebih panjang daripada panjang fokus kanta J.
– The size of the image produced by lens J is bigger than that produced by lens K.
Saiz imej yang dihasilkan oleh kanta J adalah Iebih besar daripada imej yang
dihasilkan oleh kanta K.
– When the focal length increases, the size of the image decreases.
Apabila panjang fokus bertambah, saiz imej berkurang.
– When the power of a lens increases, its focal length decreases.
Apabila kuasa kanta bertambah, panjang fokus berkurang.
(b) – Parallel light rays from the hot sun at infinity pass through a convex lens.
Sinar cahaya matahari yang selari dari infiniti melalui kanta cembung.
– Light rays are focused after passing through the lens.
Sinar cahaya difokuskan selepas melalui kanta.
– Light rays are converged onto a very small area called the focal point of the lens.
Sinar cahaya ditumpukan ke atas suatu kawasan yang sangat kecil yang dipanggil
titik fokus kanta itu.
– At the point, the intensity of light is great and the light energy causes an increase in
temperature.
When the spot on the paper becomes hot enough, the paper starts to burn.
Pada titik itu, keamatan cahaya adalah sangat besar dan tenaga cahaya menyebabkan
peningkatan suhu.
Apabila tompok cahaya di atas kertas menjadi cukup panas, kertas terbakar.
(c) (i) – P is used as the objective lens.
P digunakan sebagai kanta objek.
– Q is used as the eyepiece.
Q digunakan sebagai kanta mata.
– The distance between the two lenses (or the length of the telescope) is 40 + 5 or
45 cm.
Jarak di antara dua kanta (atau panjang teleskop) ialah 40 + 5 atau 45 cm.
– P and Q are in line.
P dan Q adalah segaris.
– Parallel rays of starlight from distant stars converge at the focal point of the
objective lens which is also
the focal point of the eyepiece.
Sinar selari cahaya bintang dari bintang jauh menumpu pada titik fokus kanta
objek yang juga
adalah titik fokus kanta mata.

f0 = focal length of F0 = focal point of

objective lens objective lens
Panjang fokus Titik fokus bagi
kanta objektif kanta objektif

fe = focal length of Fe = focal point of

eyepiece eyepiece
 Panjang fokus Titik fokus bagi
kanta mata kanta mata

– This will form an initial image, I, which is real, inverted and smaller than the
actual object.
Ini akan membentuk satu imej awal, I, yang nyata, songsang dan lebih kecil
daripada objek sebenar.
– This image then becomes the object for the eyepiece.
Imej ini kemudian menjadi objek bagi kanta mata.
– Under normal adjustment, the final image formed by the eyepiece will be at
infinity.
This image is virtual, inverted and magnified.
Di bawah penyelarasan normal, imej akhir yang dibentuk oleh kanta mata adalah
di infiniti.
Imej ini adalah maya, songsang dan lebih besar.
(ii) – Increase the diameter of the objective lens to let in more light
Menambahkan diameter kanta objektif supaya lebih banyak cahaya boleh masuk
– Increase the focal length of the objective lens or reduce the focal length of the
eyepiece
Menambahkan panjang fokus kanta objektif atau mengurangkan panjang fokus
kanta mata

SECTION C
1.(a) i. – A lens that is thicker in the centre than at the side. [1 m]
ii. – Light rays that are parallel and close to the main axis will be refracted through the
main axis on
the focal point of lens after passing the convex lens. [1 m]
– Light rays that pass through the optical point are not refracted or bent by the
convex lens. [1 m]
– Light rays that pass though the focal point will be refracted parallel to the main
axis. [1 m]
– The intersection point of two or more rays is the position of the image formed. [1
m]

(b) – The two lenses that are used for this are plano-convex lens which are arranged side
by side but facing opposite sides and acting as the condenser. [1 m]
– This arrangement is to focus the entire light ray to brighten the slide. [1 m]
– One more biconvex lens is used as the projector lens. [1 m]
– The object (slide) is placed in between F and 2F in front of the lens. [1 m]
– The image formed is situated 2F behind the lens.
– The image formed is magnified and inverted. [1 m]
– The diagram below shows the structure of a slide projector. [1 m]
 [2 m]
– Arrangement L is chosen.
– This is because the object is placed between F and 2F in front of the lens. The image
is
formed at >2F behind the lens and the image formed is magnified and inverted.

(c) i. Power of convex lens

= = 10 D [1 m]

ii. [1 m]

⇒
⇒ Position of image, [1 m]
v = 20 cm

iii. Magnification of image

m= = 1 [1 m]

iv. m =
height of image = 1 × 5 = 5 cm [1 m]
2.(a) (i) – A lens that is thicker in the centre than at the side. [1 m]
(ii) – Light rays that are parallel and close to the main axis will be refracted through the
main axis on
the focal point of the lens after passing through the convex lens. [1 m]
– Light rays that pass through the optical point are not refracted or bent by the
convex lens. [1 m]
– Light rays that pass though the focal point will be refracted parallel to the main
axis. [1 m]
– The point of intersection of two or more rays is the position of the image formed.
[1 m]

(b) – The two lenses that are used for this are planoconvex lenses which are arranged side
by side but
facing opposite sides and acting as the condenser. [1 m]
– This arrangement is to focus the entire light ray to brighten the slide. [1 m]
– One more biconvex lens is used as the projector lens. [1 m]
 – The object (slide) is placed in between F and 2F in front of the lens. [1 m]
– The image formed is situated 2F behind the lens. [1 m]
– The image formed is magnified and inverted. [1 m]
– The diagram below shows the structure of a slide projector. [1 m]
– Arrangement L is chosen.
– This is because the object is placed between F and 2F in front of the lens. The image
is formed at > 2F
behind the lens and the image formed is magnified and inverted.

(c) (i) Power of convex lens

=

= 10 D
(ii)

⇒ Position of image, v = 20 cm
(iii) Magnification of image

(iv)

height of image = 1 × 5
= 5 cm
3. (a) Diagram B

(b)

Two rays [1 m]
Image [1 m]
Mirror [1 m]

(c) 1. The shape should be convex [1 m]

2. Gives a wider field of view and an upright image [1 m]
3. More weatherproof [1 m]
 4. So that the mirror will not be blurred in the heat, light and rain. [1 m]
5. High impact resistance [1 m]
6. Prevents damage due to strong force cause by accident or vandalism [1 m]
7. Standard steel [1 m]
8. Does not rust easily or change shape easily [1 m]
Choose X
Because convex, more weatherproof, high impact resistant and standard steel. [1 m]

(d)

Scale [1 m]
Image distance [1 m]
Image size [1 m]
Two rays [2]
4.(a) i. R is a concave mirror while S is a convex mirror. [2 m]

iii. R is a converging mirror. The parallel rays after reflected by mirror R converge to a
 point. [1 m]
iv. Mirror S (convex mirror) is more suitable to be used as a shop security mirror. It
provides a wide fi eld of vision of the activities taking place in the shop. [1 m]

(b) i. Design X [1 m]
ii. – For total internal reflection to occur, the light ray has to pass from a denser medium
(higher refractive index) to a less dense medium (lower refractive index) [1 m]
– Design Y is not suitable because total internal reflection does not occur. This is
because the light ray passes from a low refractive index to a high refractive index. [1 m]
– Design Z is not suitable because it only has one layer. It is not surrounded by an
outer cladding of lower refractive index, so total internal refractive does not take place. [1
m]

iv. – They are much thinner and lighter. [1 m]

– A large number of signals can be sent through them at one time. [1 m]
– They transmit signals with very little loss over great distance. [1 m]
– Their signals are unaffected by magnetic field and electric fi eld [1 m]
5.(a) (i) Power of the lens

(ii) – Has a larger surface area which allows more light in

Mempunyai luas permukaan yang lebih besar yang membenarkan lebih banyak
cahaya masuk
– Has a longer focal length
Mempunyai panjang fokus yang lebih panjang

(iii)
 (iv) Magnification = Focal length of objective lens/Focal length of eyepiece
Pembesaran = Panjang fokus bagi kanta objek/panjang fokus bagi kanta mata
= =4

(b) (i) – Most suitable for making a lens: Design Y

Paling sesuai untuk membuat kanta: Reka bentuk Y
– Contains both diverging and converging lenses
Mengandungi kedua-dua kanta penumpu dan pencapah
– A diverging lens can be used to focus the image from a distant object onto the
retina
Kanta pencapah boleh digunakan untuk memfokuskan imej dari objek jauh pada
retina
– A converging lens can be used to focus the image from a near object onto the
retina
Kanta penumpu boleh digunakan untuk memfokuskan imej dari objek dekat pada
retina
(ii) – Design X does not allow the image of a distant object to be focused onto the
retina, so the distant
object cannot be seen clearly.
Reka bentuk X tidak membenarkan imej bagi objek yang jauh difokuskan pada
retina, maka
objek yang jauh tidak dapat dilihat dengan jelas.
– Design Z does not allow the image of a near object to be focused onto the retina,
so near
object cannot be seen clearly.
Reka bentuk Z tidak membenarkan imej bagi objek yang dekat difokuskan pada
retina, maka objek yang dekat tidak dapat dilihat dengan jelas.
(iii) Glass with a high refractive index is suitable to be used to make the lens. This
produces a
lighter and thinner lens.
Kaca dengan indeks pembiasan yang tinggi adalah sesuai digunakan untuk
 membuat kanta.
Ini menghasilkan satu kanta yang lebih ringan dan nipis.
6.(a) Total internal reflection
Pantulan dalam penuh

(b) (i) – The speed of light decreases.

Laju cahaya berkurang.
– Light bends towards the normal.
Cahaya membengkok ke arah normal.
– Wavelength is reduced.
Panjang gelombang dikurangkan
(ii) – Light travels from a denser glass into a less dense outer cladding.
Cahaya bergerak dari kaca yang lebih tumpat ke dalam pembalut luar yang
kurang tumpat.
– The angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.
Sudut tuju adalah lebih besar daripada sudut genting.
– Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
Sudut tuju = Sudut pantulan

(c) 1. A bundle of fine parallel optical fibre

Gentian optik halus yang selari
– capable of carrying thousands of data signals (telephone calls) simultaneously
berupaya membawa ribuan isyarat data (panggilan telefon) secara serentak
2. ni > n0
– produces total internal reflection when light travels inside the optical fibre
menghasilkan pantulan dalam penuh apabila cahaya bergerak di dalam gentian
optik
3. High flexibility
Kemuluran tinggi
– can be used for a longer distance
boleh digunakan untuk jarak yang lebih jauh
4. An inner core with very high purity
Teras dalam yang mempunyai ketulenan yang sangat tinggi
– signals can travel over a long distance without losing information
isyarat boleh bergerak melalui jarak yang jauh tanpa kehilangan maklumat
R is chosen/R dipilih.
Because it has a bundle of fine parallel optical fibres, ni > n0, high flexibility and an
inner core with
very high purity.
Kerana mempunyai gentian optik halus yang selari, ni > n0, kemuluran yang tinggi dan
teras
dalam yang berketulenan tinggi.

(d) (i)
 (ii)

PAPER 3
SECTION A
1. (a) Intercept on the M-axis, c = –1

(b) M is linearly proportional to v.

(c) i.

Gradient =

ii. Gradient =

So

Thus f = 12 cm

(d) –

v = 24
– From the graph, the linear magnification, M is 1.

(e) Make sure that the lens, object and white screen are in a straight line.
2.(a) v decreases as u increases.
v berkurang apabila u bertambah.

(b) i.

ii. At the point of intersection, v = 30.0 cm, u = 30.0 cm.

Pada titik persilangan, v = 30.0 cm, u = 30.0 cm.
iii.

Focal length, f = 15.0 cm

Panjang fokus

(c)

(d) Hold a convex lens to focus a faraway object such as a faraway tree. Adjust a white
screen behind the convex lens until a sharp image of the faraway object is formed on the
screen. The distance between the lens and the screen is the focal length f.
 Pegang satu kanta cembung untuk memfokuskan satu objek jauh seperti sebatang pokok
yang jauh. Ubahsuaikan skrin putih di belakang kanta cembung sehingga satu imej tajam
bagi objek jauh itu dibentuk pada skrin. Jarak di antara kanta dan skrin adalah panjang
fokus f.
3. (a) (i) uv directly proportional to u + v.
uv berkadar langsung dengan u + v.
(ii) When/Apabila uv = 400 cm2, u + v = 40 cm.
(iii) Gradient/Kecerunan = 400 – 100 cm2
40 – 10 cm
= 300 cm2
30 cm
= 10 cm

(b)

(c)

(d) The planes of the lens, cardboard and screen must be parallel to each other.
Pemegang kanta, kadbod dan skrin mestilah selari antara satu sama lain.
4.(a) v = 10.0 cm

(b) v increases linearly with M.

v bertambah secara linear dengan M.

(c) Gradient/Kecerunan = 30 – 20
2.0 – 1.0
= 10.0 cm

(d)
f1 = 10.0 cm
f2 = 10.0 cm
f +f
f= 1 2
2
10.0 + 10.0
= =10.0 cm
2

(e) 15.0 cm
 (f) Make sure that the object (light source), the lens and the screen are in straight
line/Make sure that the eye is directly opposite the scale when reading the value of v to
prevent parallax error.
Pastikan objek itu (sumber cahaya) , kanta dan skrin adalah dalam garis
lurus/Pastikan mata adalah tepat bertentangan dengan skala apabila membaca nilai v
untuk mengelakkan ralat paralaks.

1.(a) – From the graph, uv = 10 (u + v)

Daripada graf uv = 10 (u + v)
When/Apabila u = 25 cm, 25v
= 10 (25 + v).
So / Jadi

(b) – uv is directly proportional to u + v.

uv berkadar secara langsung dengan u + v.

(c) (i) – gradient/kecerunan

=
= 10
– refer to graph/rujuk graf
(ii) – From or uv = f(u + v)

– So the gradient of the graph uv against u + v is f.

Maka kecerunan graf uv melawan u + v adalah f.
– f = 10 cm

(d)

– v = 20 cm

(e) – Lens, object and white screen where the image formed, all should be along a straight
line.
Kanta, objek dan skrin putih di mana imej dibentukkan, semua harus di sepanjang
satu garis lurus.
2. (a) i. Real depth
ii. Apparent depth
iii. Type of liquid/refractive index of liquid

(b) d = 9.0 cm
 (c)

(d) D increases with d.

3.(a) – From the graph, uv = 10 (u + v)
Daripada graf uv = 10 (u + v)
When/Apabila u = 25 cm, 25v = 10 (25 + v).
So/Jadi

(b) – uv is directly proportional to u + v.

uv berkadar secara langsung dengan u + v.

(c) (i) – gradient/kecerunan =

– refer to graph/rujuk graf

(ii)

– So the gradient of the graph uv against u + v is f.

 Maka kecerunan graf uv melawan u + v adalah f.
– f = 10

(d)

– v = 20 cm

(e) – lens, object and white screen where the image formed, all should be along a straight
line.
Kanta, objek dan skrin putih di mana imej dibentukkan, semua harus di sepanjang satu
garis lurus.
4.(a) i. The angle of incidence, i
ii. The angle of refraction, r
iii. The type of glass block
 (d) n = 1.48

(e) The ray is totally reflected internally because the angle of incidence in the glass block
exceeds the critical angle for glass.

1. (a) (i) Angle of incidence [1 m]

(ii) Angle of refraction [1 m]
(iii) Position of the glass block [1 m]

(b) r = 19° [1 m]

(c)

[1 m]

(d)
 (e) sin i is directly proportional to sin r. [1 m]

PAPER 3
SECTION B
1.(a) The focal length, f for a convex lens is dependent on its thickness.
Panjang fokus, f bagi kanta cembung bergantung kepada ketebalannya.

(b) The thicker the lens, the shorter is the focal length.
Semakin tebal kanta, semakin pendek panjang fokus

(c) i. To determine the relationship between the focal length and the thickness of a thin
lens.
Untuk menentukan hubungan antara panjang fokus dan ketebalan bagi satu kanta
nipis
ii. Variables:
Pemboleh ubah:
• manipulated – the thickness of the lens
dimanipulasikan – ketebalan kanta
• responding – focal length of the lens
bergerak balas – panjang fokus bagi kanta
• constant – the type of lens
dimalarkan – jenis kanta
iii. White paper, ray box, five cylindrical convex lenses, metre rule and a plate with five
slits
Kertas putih, kotak sinar, lima kanta cembung berbentuk silinder, pembaris meter dan
satu plat mempunyai lima celah
iv.
 v. – A set of parallel rays is directed to a cylindrical convex lens.
Satu set sinar-sinar selari ditujukan kepada satu kanta cembung berbentuk silinder
– The point to which the rays meet after passing through the lens is marked F as the
focus of the lens.
Titik di mana sinarsinar bertemu selepas melalui kanta itu ditandakan F, yang
merupakan fokus bagi kanta itu.
– The distance between the point to the centre of the lens is measured and is the focal
length of the lens.
Jarak dari titik itu ke tengah kanta itu diukur dan merupakan panjang fokus bagi kanta
itu.
– The experiment is repeated for other convex lenses of different thickness.
Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan kanta-kanta cembung lain yang berlainan ketebalan.
vi.

vii. A graph of focal length against thickness is plotted. The thicker the convex lens, the
shorter is the focal length of the lens.
Satu graf panjang fokus melawan ketebalan diplotkan. Semakin tebal kanta cembung,
semakin pendek panjang fokus bagi kanta itu.
2.(a) The size of image changes when the object distance changes.

(b) The longer the object distance is the smaller the size of the image produced will be.

(c) i. Aim: To investigate the relationship between the object distance u and the size of the
image, h
ii. Manipulated variable: Object distance, u
Responding variable: Size of image, h.
Constant variable: Power of the lens / focal length f of the lens used
iii. Convex lens, filament lamp, screen with a narrow slit, white screen, metre rule,
plasticine, power supply.
 iv. 1. Arrange the convex lens of focal length f = 10 cm in between the filament lamp
and a white screen.
2. Place a screen with a narrow slit at a distance u = 12 cm from the lens.
3. Adjust the white screen until a sharp image is formed on the screen.
4. Measure the length h of the image produced on the white screen with a ruler.
5. Repeat the experiment using u = 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 cm.

The graph shows that the image size h decreases as u increases.

3.(a) i. A virtual image is the image formed by lenses that cannot be seen on the screen. [1
m]
ii. – Lens P is thicker thanlens Q [1 m]
– Lens P has shorter focal length than lens Q. [1 m]
– The image formed by lens P is larger than that formed by lens Q. [1 m]
– The lens with a shorter focal length produces a larger image. [1 m]
– The shorter the focal length of the lens, the higher the power of the lens. [1 m]
 ii. Lens R is a convex lens used to produce image on the film of the camera. The image
is real and inverted. [1 m]
iii. The diaphragm is used to adjust the size of the aperture, which control the amount of
light passing into the camera. [1 m]

(c) i. – Lens X with focal length 7 cm is used as the eyepiece lens. [1 m]

– Lens Y with focal length 5 cm is used as the objective lens. [1 m]
– The object is placed between Fo and 2Fo of the objective lens (lens Y). The eyepiece
lens (lens X) must be positioned as that the final image is bet-ween the lens and its focal
point, Fe. [1 m]
Fo = The focal point of objective lens
Fe = The focal point of eyepiece lens

ii. – At normal adjust-ment, the image is formed at the near point of the eye [1 m]
– The image formed is virtual, upright and magnified. [1 m]
iii. – Lens X with focal length 7 cm is used as objective lens. [1 m]
– Lens Y with focal length 5 cm is used as eyepiece lens. [1 m]
– The distance between the lenses at normal adjustment is equal to the sum of their
individual focal lengths. [1 m]

4.(a) There is real depth and apparent depth because of refraction of light [1 m]

(b) Refractive index is the ratio of real depth and apparent depth [1 m]

(c) i. To investigate the relationship between real depth, apparent depth and refractive
index. [1 m]
ii. Manipulated variable: Real depth [1 m]
Responding variable: Apparent depth [1 m]
 Constant variable: Type of glass [1 m]
iii. Glass block, pin, cork [1 m]

iv.

[1 m]

v. – The apparatus is arranged as shown in the diagram above. The length of the glass
block is measured
and recorded. [1 m]
– Observe the pin O through the block. Pin I is moved back and fro until the position
of the image is the
same as pin I and pin O. The distance of pin I from the side of the block is
observed and recorded as
the apparent depth. [1 m]
– The experiment is repeated with glass blocks of different lengths. [1 m]

vi.

[1 m]

vii. The table is completed. It seems that all of the glass blocks have the same refractive
index. [1 m]

1.(a) The size of image changes when the object distance changes.
Saiz imej berubah apabila jarak objek dari kanta berubah.

(b) The longer the object distance is, the smaller the size of the image produced will be.
Semakin besar jarak objek, semakin kecil saiz imej.

(c) i. To investigate the relationship between the object distance u and the size of the
image, h
Mengkaji hubungan antara jarak objek dengan saiz imej.
ii. Manipulated variable: Object distance, u
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: jarak objek, u
Responding variable: Size of image, h
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: saiz imej, h
 Constant variable: Power of the lens/focal length f of the lens used
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: kuasa kanta/panjang kanta f bagi kanta yang digunakan
iii. Convex lens, filament lamp, screen with a narrow slit, white screen, metre rule,
plasticine, power supply.
Kanta cembung, lampu filamen, skrin dengan celah sempit skrin putih, pembaris
meter, plastisin, bekalan kuasa
iv.

v. 1. Arrange the convex lens of focal length f = 10 cm in between the filament lamp
and a white screen.
Susun suatu kanta cembung dengan panjang fokus f = 10 cm di antara lampu
filamen dan suatu skrin putih.
2. Place a screen with a narrow slit at a distance u = 12 cm from the lens.
Letakkan skrin yang bercelah sempit pada jarak u = 12 cm dari kanta itu.
3. Adjust the white screen until a sharp image is formed on the screen.
Laraskan skrin putih sehingga satu imej tajam terbentuk pada skrin
4. Measure the length h of the image produced on the white screen with a ruler.
Ukur panjang h, imej yang di hasilkan di atas skrin putih dengan sebatang
pembaris.
5. Repeat the experiment using u = 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 cm.
Ulangi eksperimen dengan menggunakan u = 14 cm, 16 cm, 18 cm, 20 cm, 22 cm
dan 24 cm.
vi. Object distance u/cm Size of image h/cm
Jarak objek, u/cm daiz imej, h/cm

vii.
 The graph shows that the image size h decreases as u increases.
Graf itu menunjukkan bahawa saiz imej h berkurang apa bila jarak objek u
bertambah.
2.(a) The depth of the water affects the position of the image of the coin/The position of the
image depends
on the depth of the water.
Kedalaman air mempengaruhi kedudukan imej bagi duit syiling/kedudukan imej
bergantung kepada
kedalaman air.

(b) The more the depth of the water is, the more the apparent depth of the image will be.
Semakin bertambah kedalaman air, semakin bertambah dalam ketara imej.

(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between real depth and apparent depth
Mengkaji hubungan antara dalam nyata dan dalam ketara
(ii) Manipulated variable : The depth of the water
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan : Kedalaman air
Responding variable : The position of the image/the apparent depth
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas : Kedudukan imej /dalam ketara
Constant variable : The type of liquid/ The type of beaker
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : Jenis cecair/ Jenis bikar
(iii) Tall beaker, water, pins, set of retort stand and metre rule
Bikar tinggi, air, pin, set kaki retort dan pembaris meter
(iv)

– A pin is placed at the base of a beaker

Sebatang pin diletakkan di dasar bikar
 – Another pin is clamped to the retort clamp outside the beaker
Sebatang pin lain diapit pada pemegang retort di luar bikar
(v) State the method to control the manipulated variable
Menyatakan kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan
– fill a beaker with water to a depth of 10 cm
isikan bikar dengan air pada kedalaman 10 cm
State the method to measure the responding variable
Menyatakan kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
– Move the pin outside the beaker to obtain the apparent position of the pin in the
beaker
Gerak pin di luar bikar untuk mendapatkan kedudukan ketara pin dalam bikar
– Measure the position of the pin from the surface of the water to the pin, h1
Ukur kedudukan pin dari permukaan air ke pin, h1
– Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
Ulangi eksperimen sekurang-kurangnya 4 kali
– Repeat the experiment by increasing the depth of the water : 12 cm, 14 cm, 16
cm and 18 cm
Ulangi eksperimen dengan menambah kedalaman air : 12 cm, 14 cm, 16 cm dan
18 cm
– Determine the corresponding apparent depth, h2, h3, h4 and h5
Tentukan dalam ketara, h2, h3, h4 dan h5 yang sepadan
(vi)

(vii) Plot a graph of apparent depth against the depth of the water.
Plot satu graf dalam ketara melawan kedalaman air.
3.(a) Height of image depends on object distance
Tinggi imej bergantung kepada jarak objek

(b) The height of image increases as the object distance decreases

Tinggi imej akan meningkat apabila jarak objek berkurang

(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between object distance and height of image
Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara jarak objek dengan tinggi imej
(ii) Manipulated variable: Object distance
Pembolehubah manipulasikan: Jarak objek
Responding variable: Height of image
Pembolehubah bergerak balas: Tinggi imej
Constant variable: Focal length of lens
Pembolehubah dimalarkan: Panjang fokus kanta

(iii) Ray box, metre rule, convex lens, lens holder, white screen and arrow on
transparent paper
Kotak sinar, pembaris meter, kanta cembung, pemegang kanta, skrin putih dan
anak panah pada kertas lutsinar
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas

(v) – The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram

Radas disediakan seperti rajah yang ditunjukkan
– Power supply is switched on
Bekalan kuasa dihidupkan
– Experiment is started with object distance 10.0 cm
Eksperimen dimulakan dengan jarak objek 10.0 cm
– Screen is adjusted to get a sharp image
Skrin dilaraskan untuk mendapatkan imej yang tajam
– The height of image is measured using the metre rule
Tinggi imej diukur dengan pembaris meter
– The experiment is repeated with object distance of 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm
and 50.0 cm
Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak objek ialah 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm dan
50.0 cm
(vi)

(vii)

Complied by :-
En Adnan Shamsudin
Dip Edu (UiTM), BSc (UTM), Dip. Edu (UTM)
Guru Cemerlang Fizik