PRESENTATION ON GANGA

BRIDGE AT PHAPHAMAU
DATE- 22/08/2016

INDEX MAP

1
 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

As per Clause No- 2 of ToR

 To carry out the Feasibility study and DPR for Construction of Proposed
Bridge adjacent to existing 2 Lane bridge.
 The Proposed Bridge should be adjacent to existing Ganga
Bridge as close as possible, but in any cases the existing
foundation should not be disturbed.
 Approaches on both side of the proposed Bridge should be
adjusted within the existing available land or with minimum
Land Acquisition required
 It may be elevated structure/ RE Wall/ Earthen embankment or
combination of these but needs to be adjusted properly within the existing
available land or with minimum LA requirement.

EXISTING STRUCTURES

 One major road bridge and 2 nos. minor bridges on the approaches of
proposed Phaphamau Bridge.
 Existing 2-lane Phaphamau Bridge has 29 spans of 31.15m and 2 spans of
19.35m with the total length of 969.95m.
 It has PSC T-Beam and slab type superstructure supported on single Circular
Cellular RCC piers resting on Well foundations.
 It has 7.5 m wide carriageway, 1.5m footpath on both sides and 250mm wide
hand rails. It has overall deck width of 11.0m.
 The bearings are rocker-roller type and expansion joints are strip seal type.
 Depth of well foundation varies from 38.0m to 40.0m.
 The condition of existing bridge is satisfactory with no visual signs of distress
noticed in superstructure and substructure.
 Some components of structure such as expansion joints, drainage spouts and
wearing coat need repair and rehabilitation measures.
 There is no speed or load limitation for movement of traffic on the bridge.
 The volume of traffic, however, is sufficiently large for a 2-lane Bridge.
 Some photographs of the existing Phaphamau Bridge given below:

2
 PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING BRIDGE

ROADWAY GEOMETRICS

 The project approach road has sharp curves at some locations which
reduce the speed.
 The project road passes through Army Cantonment on Allahabad Side
and congested market area on both sides of Ganga Bridge, which
reduce the speed.
 On Phaphamau side, there is one location with deficient sight distance
near junction of project road with road to Phoolpur.
 There is sharp horizontal curve in the project road at this location.
 According to PWD-NH Division officers, this is a black spot where
frequently accidents take place.
The existing RoW is shown below

Sl. No. Section (Existing Chainage) Configuration

1. km 144+600 - km 152+400 18.00 to 35.00m

3
 SITING OF THE PROPOSED BRIDGE

 The Proposed Bridge can be aligned adjacent to existing 2 – lane Ganga

Bridge either between existing road bridge and abandoned rail cum road
bridge [Curzon Bridge]
 2 options has been studied are as under:

OPTION-1
There is ~ 75 m wide gap
between existing 2 Lane road
Bridge and Rail cum Road
Curzon Bridge. There are
temples on both sides on river
banks in this stretch. Alignment
of approach roads on
Phaphamau and Allahabad side
have to be realigned for traffic
circulation through existing and
new bridges
OPTION-2
The proposed bridge will be at upstream side of
existing Ganga Bridge. On Allahabad side, there
are 2-3 story houses in about 100 m length which
will require to be acquired. Thereafter, alignment will
pass through government land and boundaries of
government complexes, part of which will required
to be acquired, before merging with existing road.
There will be sharp horizontal curve on Allahabad
side as the alignment moves away from the existing
approach road

The Consultants are of the opinion that Option 1 for siting of proposed 6 – Lane
is more advantageous. It will avoid land acquisition, residential area and
improvement geometrics of approaches
7

Improvement Proposal

Main Bridge:
 A six lane new bridge will be provided adjacent to existing Road Bridge.
 Piers of the proposed bridge will be aligned with piers of existing Road
Bridge.
 Type of superstructure will be finalized keeping aesthetic considerations
in view. General arrangement drawings have been prepared for aesthetic
options considering cable stay, extradosed and balanced cantilever
options of superstructure have been prepared.
 The tentative cost estimates also attached in Inception Report.
 Detailed design will be taken up for option selected and approved by the
Client.
Elevated Approaches:
 Phaphamau Bridge approaches are passing through congested urban area, Army
cantonment area on Allahabad side and congested urban area on Phaphamau side
which warrants provision of elevated approaches.
 Locations for bringing down elevated approaches to ground level shall be very
carefully selected keeping minimum inhabitation and land acquisition into
consideration.
 Options for such locations on both sides of the bridge will be presented to the Client
and detailed studies will be carried out on the selected location on each side.
8

4
 Approval of Client is required for following

 Deck width for the main bridge and elevated approaches

 Type of superstructure for main bridge
 Take off points for approaches on Phaphamau side and Allahabad side
 Consent from Cantonment Authorities
 Traffic survey locations proposed in Inception Report
 Geotechnical Investigation Proposal.

DIFFERENT OPTIONS FOR DECK WIDTH

OPTION-1
Each 3 – lane carriageway of new 6- lane bridge / structures shall have as per
IRC:SP:87-2015, 10.5 m carriageway width, 1.5 m wide paved shoulder
towards outer edge, 0.25m wide edge shyness near crash barrier & median,
0.45 m wide crash barrier, 1.5 m wide footpath and 0.3 m wide railing towards
outer end of the deck and 0.25m wide edge shyness/1.2 m wide median at
center. Total deck width of the proposed bridge shall be 30.7m.

10

10

5
 DIFFERENT OPTIONS FOR DECK WIDTH

OPTION-2
Approaches of the proposed bridge are elevated with approximate ~ total length
of 6.3 km., footpaths can be removed as pedestrian and cyclists will use only at
grade facility i.e. existing 2-Lane Road Bridge. The deck width without footpath
works out to 27.2 m.

11

11

DIFFERENT OPTIONS FOR DECK WIDTH

OPTION-3
Considering congestion in approaches and passage through army cantonment
and in order to reduce land acquisition, provision of paved shoulders may be
omitted. Resultant overall deck width, without footpath and paved shoulders,
works out to 24.2m.

12

12

6
 DECK WIDTH AS PER IRC:SP-87:2010

As per Clause No- 7.1 (ii)

 All bridges shall have independent superstructure for each
direction of travel unless specified in schedule –B.

13

13

DIFFERENT OPTIONS FOR DECK WIDTH

In view of an urban scenario and prevalent site conditions, it is recommended

to approve third case of 6 – Lane cross section without footpaths and paved
shoulders with an overall deck width of 24.2 m to reduce land acquisition and
increase feasibility of proposal.
Details of Existing Bridges across River Ganga at Phaphamau
The span arrangement of three nos. existing bridges across river Ganga at
Phaphamau is given below.
S. Description Span Arrangement Total length
No. (m) of bridge
(m)

1 Existing 2 - Lane road 27 x 32.15+2 x 969.15

Bridge 75m u/s of old Rail 19.35+
Bridge 2 x 31.2

2 Old road cum rail Curzon 15 x 62.4 936.0

Bridge
3 New rail Bridge 90m d/s of 30 x 32.1 963.0
old rail cum road Bridge
14

14

7
 Superstructure options for Main Bridge
S

Three types of structure options have been considered with long span bridges in
the main channel viz.
Cantilever Bridge Extradosed bridge Cable-stayed bridge

Details of the above mentioned options are given below

Option I: Precast Segmental (PSC) Balanced Cantilever construction type
superstructure supported on wall type piers and abutments resting on pile
foundation.
 For balanced cantilever type construction, a single 5 span continuous
module of 835.9m (96.45m + 5 x 128.6m + 96.45m) with 2 end spans of
32.15m on Allahabad side and 2 end spans of 32.15m and 36.8m on
Phaphamau side.
 Thus the total length of bridge will be 969.15m
Option II: Precast Segmental (PSC) Extradosed type superstructure supported on
wall type piers resting on pile foundation.
 For extradosed type superstructure, a single unit of 5 span continuous
module with span arrangement of 97.0m + 5 x 155.0m + 97.0m has been
proposed.
 Total length of main bridge is 969.0m. 15

15

Option III: Precast Segmental Cable Stayed type superstructure supported

on wall type pier over pile foundation.
 For cable stay type superstructure, a single unit of four span
continuous module with span arrangement of 185.0m+ 2 x
300.0m + 185.0m has been proposed.
 Total length of main bridge is 970.0m.
Cost of Main Bridge
The preliminary cost of main bridge for all the three above types of
superstructures has been worked out and is indicted in Table below
Option Type of Bridge Cost per Sq. Main Bridge
No. m (Rs.) Cost
(Rs. in
Crores)
I Balanced Cantilever 81,000 241
type superstructure
II Extradosed type 1,12,300 334
superstructure
III Cable stay type 1,53,200 456
superstructure
16

16

8
 VIADUCTS

 Preliminary cost of Viaduct works out to Rs. 49,300/- per sq.m. Since, elevated
approaches are feasible, cost for approaches have been based on 6-Lane
configuration only since widening of elevated approaches in future will not be
feasible.
 Total length of elevated portion on Phaphamau side is 2.6 km. from
(Km 144+900 to 147+500) and on Allahabad side and 3.7 km from
(Km. 148+300 to Km. 152+000).
 Total length of elevated approach roads work out to 6.3 km. length of main bridge is
969.15m. Thus, the total length of bridge including viaducts is 7.27 km.
TOTAL COST OF BRIDGE INCLUDING VIADUCTS
Option Type of bridge Main bridge Cost of Total cost
No. cost elevated (Rs. in
(Rs. in structure Crores)
Crores) (Rs. in Crores)
Balanced Cantilever
I 241 953 1194
type superstructure
Extradosed type
II 334 953 1287
superstructure
Cable stay type
III 456 953 1409
superstructure
17

17

Merits and Demerits

The merits and Demerits for the three Options are shown below
OPTIONS AESTHETICS CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION ECONOMY
TECHNIQUES TIME

OPTION-I Merges well with Proven Construction Construction time Economical

(PRECAST surrounding Technology and will be lesser due than other
SEGMENTAL normal road and Easily Available in to precast two options
BALANCE rail bridges - India. segmental
CANTILEVER) Best construction.

OPTION-II Gives variation in Proven Construction Construction time Costlier

(PRECAST existing skyline of Technology, not will be less than than Option
SEGMENTAL low magnitude - much previous Option I. I but
EXTRADOSED) Better references however Cheaper
its use is increasing than Option
in India. III

OPTION-III Gives high Proven Construction Construction time Costliest

(PRECAST variation in Technology however will be less than
SEGMENTAL existing skyline - very less use in Option I.
CABLE STAY) Best India.

18

18

9
 FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS

From the comparison of three options considered above,

 Option No. I (bridge with cantilever construction type superstructure)
aesthetically merges with the existing bridges better than other two
options.
 Option No. III (Cable stayed type superstructure) is costliest and Option
No. II (Extradosed type structure) falls between the two other options.
 Cost wise also Option I is cheapest than Option III and costliest than
Option II.
Based on above, it is recommended that Option II of extradosed type
bridge may be adopted for the proposed Ganga Bridge at Phaphamau
which is slightly costlier than Option I, since it is innovative and
aesthetically pleasing and matching the environment of the location than
cable stay option, where pylons will be very high and overall cost will be
much more.

19

19

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

As per clause 4.11.4 of RFP, bore holes are proposed to be carried out as shown
below.
S. No. Description No of boreholes Remarks

1 Culverts (length< 6m) One at each location

2 Overall length = 6 – 30 m One abutment location

3 Overall length = 30 – 60 m One abutment location and at

least one intermediate location
between abutments for structures
having more than one span.
4 Overall length >60 m one at each abutment and pier
location
 Large diameter pile foundations will be suitable for proposed for Ganga Bridge at
Phaphamau as they take less construction time.
 As per preliminary estimates, depth of 2.5 m dia piles will be ~ 50-55 m (~30-35 m
below MSL).
 Depth of boreholes in soil is proposed to be kept as 70 m.

20

20

10
 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

Depth of drilling for Ganga Bridge at Phaphamau

S. No. Description No of Depth of Depth of Remarks
boreholes borehole drilling
a Drilling of boreholes 8 70 560
in soil

Depth of Drilling for approach Road Viaducts

S. No. Description No of Depth of Depth of Remarks
boreholes borehole drilling
a Drilling of boreholes 158 40 6320
in soil
Total depth of drilling = 560+ 6320 = 6880m

Note: The depth of drilling worked out above is tentative for approval and
payment will be requested for based on actual depth of drilling carried out based on
approved span arrangement and geotechnical investigation proposal for number and
depth of boreholes.

21

21

THANK YOU

22

22

11