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Lesson 5. Electrical analogy and Numerical Problems related to conduction
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Electrical Analogy For Conduction Problems
Current course
H&MT Consider heat flowing through a slab of thickness ‘L’ and area “A’ and T1 and
Participants T2 are the temperatures on the two faces of the slab as shown in Figure 1. Heat
General
transfer from high temperature side to low temperature side is expressed as
Module 1. Basic
Concepts,
Conductive Heat
Transfer...
Lesson 1. Heat
Transfer, Where (T1 –T2) is the thermal potential
Importance of
Heat Transf...
Lesson 2.
Conduction- is the thermal resistance
thermal
conductivity of
mate...
Lesson 3. One
dimensional
steady state
conduction ...
Lesson 4. One
dimensional
steady state
conduction ...
Lesson 5.
Electrical
analogy and
Numerical
Problem...
Lesson 6.
Numericals on
conduction
Lesson 7. Now, consider an electric circuit having resistance ‘R’ and electric potential E1 and E2
Numericals on
conduction at the ends as shown in Figure 2. Current ‘I’ passing through the circuit can be
Lesson 8. expressed as
Insulation
materials, critical
thickness...
Lesson 9. Types
of Fins, Fin
Applications,
Heat Tr...
Lesson 10.
Special cases:
Fin insulated at
the end...
Lesson 11. Fin
Efficiency and
effectiveness,
Probl...
Equations (1) and (2) are found to be symmetrical on comparison. ‘Q’ amount of heat
Module 2. flows through the slab having thermal resistance when a thermal potential (T1 –T2)
Convection exits. Similarly, ‘I’ amount of current passes through the circuit having resistance ‘R’
Module 3. Radiation when an electric potential (E1 – E2) exists. Therefore, flow of heat through the slab can
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Exchangers be represented by an electric circuit as shown in Figure 3.

Module 5. Mass
Transfer
Courses

If a hot gas at temperature Tg is in contact with one side of the slab and air at
temperature Ta at the other side, then heat transfer from the hot gas to air through this
slab of thickness can be represented by an electric circuit as shown in Figure 4

Heat transfer from hot gas to air can be expressed as

For a slab made of three material having thermal conductivities KA, KB and KC
respectively and is exposed to a hot gas on one side and atmospheric air on the other
side as shown in Figure 5, an equivalent electric circuit has been shown in Figure 6.
Heat transfer from the hot gas to atmospheric air is expressed as

Similarly for the composite slab shown in Figure 7, an equivalent electric circuit has
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Example 3.14 The walls of heating unit in cold region comprise three layers
10cm outer brick work (k =0.75 W/m-deg)
1.5cm inner wooden paneling (k =0.75 W/m-deg)
8cm intermediate layer of insulating material
The insulation layer is stated to offer resistance twice the thermal resistance of brick
work. If the inside and outside temperatures of the composite wall are 30°C and -10°C
respectively, determine the rate of heat loss per unit area of the wall and the thermal
conductivity of the insulating material.
Solution: Thermal resistance for a plane wall of thickness δ, area A and thermal
conductivity k is prescribed by the relation Rt =δ/kA

Example 3.15 A furnace wall is a made up of steel plate 10 mm thick (k=62.8 kj/m-hr-
deg) lined on inside with silica briks 150 mm thick (k =7.32 kj/m-hr-deg) and on the
outside with magnesia bricks 200 mm thick (k = 18.84 kj/m-hr-deg). The inside and
outside surfaces of the wall are at temperature 650° C respectively. Make calculations
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It is required that the heat loss be reduced to 10Mj/hour by means of air gap between
steel and magnesia bricks. Estimate the necessary width of air gap if thermal
conductivity for is 0.126 kj/m-hr-deg.
Solution: Thermal resistance for a plane wall of thickness δ, area A and thermal
conductivity k is prescribed by the relation Rt =δ/kA.

Example 3.16 A furnace wall comprises three layers: 13.5 cm thick inside layer of fire
brick, 7.5 cm thick middle layer of insulating brick and 11.5 cm thick outside layer of
red brick. The furnace operates at 870°C and it is anticipated that the outside of this
composite wall can be maintained at 40°C by the circulation of air. Assuming close
bonding of layers at their interfaces, find the rate of heat loss from the furnace and
the wall interface temperature. The wall measures 5m2m and the data on thermal
conductivities is:
Fire brick k1 = 2.4 W/m-deg

Insulating brick k2 = 0.14 W/m-deg

Red brick k3 = 0.85 W/m-deg

Solution: The wall area (5m 2m) = 10 m2 is constant for all layers of the composite
wall. The thermal resistance Rt of a slab (thickness δ, conductivity k and area A ) is given
by

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