Post Fukushima:

IAEA Efforts to Strengthen the Global Nuclear

Safety and Security Framework

SEA National CBRNe Programmes and International Cooperation: Policies,

Capabilities and Requirements
3-6 September 2012

Noor Firiah Bakri

Nuclear Security Office
Department of Nuclear Safety and Security

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Outline of Presentation:
• The IAEA

• The Conventions

• The Fukushima Accident

• The IAEA Response:

• Incident and Emergency Centre
• Ministerial Conference
• IAEA Action Plan on Nuclear Safety

• IAEA Milestone Approach - Guidance for States on the

Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power

International Atomic Energy Agency

 IAEA

• Specialised agency within UN system

• The IAEA was created in 1957
• 154 Member States
• HQ in Vienna, Austria + regional offices/laboratories
International Atomic Energy Agency
 IAEA
Policy Making Bodies:

Board of Governors
35 Member States Secretariat
DG
Yukiya Amano
General Conference + 2200 staff
Representatives of 154
Member States (April 2012)

International Atomic Energy Agency

 IAEA Main Pillars

Safety and Security

Science and Technology

Safeguards and Verification

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear
Accident (1986) (INFCIRC/335)
• In force since 27 October 1986

• 112 States Parties (as of September 2011)

• Applies in the event of any accident involving specified

facilities or activities of a State Party (or of persons or
legal entities under its jurisdiction or control) from
which a release of radioactive material occurs or is
likely to occur and which has resulted or may result in
an international transboundary release that could be of
radiological safety significance to another State (Article
1.1)

• Contributes to the enhancement of the response to an

act of “terrorism” by providing a mechanism for rapid
information exchange International Atomic Energy Agency
 Convention on Assistance in the Case of a
Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
(1986) (INFCIRC/336)
• In force since 26 February 1987

• 107 States Parties (as of September 2011)

• States Parties are to co-operate between themselves

and with the IAEA (in accordance with the Convention)
to facilitate prompt assistance in the event of a nuclear
accident or radiological emergency to minimize its
consequences and to protect life, property and the
environment from the effects of radioactive releases

• The Convention contributes to the enhancement of the

response to a relevant terrorist act with a view to
minimizing its consequences and protecting against
the effects of radioactive releases
International Atomic Energy Agency
JAPAN EARTHQUAKE: March 11, 2011 – Magnitude 9

IAEA
Tsunami Flooding at Fukushima Daini NPP– 11 March 2011

International Atomic Energy Agency

 ‘Fukushima Daiichi - Request for Assistance’
IAEA
Incident and Emergency Centre
in ‘Full Response’ Mode
Technical Assessment Team

Emergency Management Team

14 MAR 2011

Contains DigitalGlobe Copyrighted Materials

 FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI

Common spent fuel pond undamaged

Reactor Unit 3, recurrence of

probable vapour plume
Reactor Unit 4, possible
vapour plume

Reactor Unit 4, blast damage

Reactor Unit 2 probable

smoke from fire

16 MAR 2011, 09:34am local time

Contains DIGITALGLOBE Copyrighted Materials
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Assistance & Cooperation

International Atomic Energy Agency

IAEA Ministerial Conference
June 2011

International Atomic Energy Agency

The IAEA Ministerial Conference – June 2011

Director General made five proposals:

• to strengthen IAEA Safety Standards;
• to systematically review the safety of all nuclear
power plants, including by expanding the IAEA’s
programme of expert peer reviews;
• to enhance the effectiveness of national nuclear
regulatory bodies and ensure their independence;
• to strengthen the global emergency preparedness
and response system; and
• to expand the Agency’s role in receiving and
disseminating information.

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Working Sessions of Ministerial
Conference
• WS 1: Preliminary assessment of the accident
at TEPCO’s Fukushima NPSs and actions for
safety improvement

• WS 2: Emergency preparedness and response

• WS 3: The global nuclear safety framework

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Ministerial Declaration was adopted
• “Requested the DG to prepare a Report on the June 2011 MC on
Nuclear Safety and a draft Action Plan…and to promote coordination
and cooperation, as appropriate, with other relevant international
organizations to follow up on the outcomes of the Conference, as well
as facilitate consultations among Member States on the draft Action
Plan”;

• “Requested the DG to present the Report and the draft Action Plan
covering all the relevant aspects relating to safety, EPR, & RP of
people and the environment, as well as the relevant international legal
framework, to the IAEA BoG & the GC at their forthcoming meetings in
2011”;

• “Called upon the BoG and the GC to reflect the outcome of the MC in
their decisions and to support the effective, prompt and adequately
resourced implementation of the Action Plan”.
International Atomic Energy Agency
 IAEA Board of Governors &
General Conference – Sept 2011

International Atomic Energy Agency

 IAEA Board of Governors and General
Conference – Sept 2011
• The BoG approved the Action Plan + recommended that
the GC endorse it.
• The GC in GC(55)RES/9:
PP (f): Noting with appreciation the convening by the Director
General of the Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Safety on 20-
24 June 2011, welcoming the Ministerial Declaration and noting
the Action Plan on Nuclear Safety (GC(55)/14),

PP(g): Recognizing the need for urgent and longer-term

responses and actions to be taken internationally to ensure that
the post-Fukushima nuclear safety framework is strengthened and
the highest and most robust level of nuclear safety is in place
worldwide
International Atomic Energy Agency
General Conference – Sept 2011 (Cont’d)
OP 4: Endorses the Board of
Governors’ decision to approve the
Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
(GOV/2011/59-GC(55)/14) and calls
upon the Secretariat and the
Member States to implement the
actions as an overarching priority in
a comprehensive and coordinated
manner.
International Atomic Energy Agency
 Purpose of the Action Plan
• To define a programme of work to strengthen
the global nuclear safety framework.

• The plan consists of actions building on the

Ministerial Conference Decisions, the
conclusions and recommendations of the
Working Sessions, and the expertise and
knowledge therein, including the INSAG letter
report and the facilitation of consultations
among the Member States.
International Atomic Energy Agency
 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety: 12 Actions
Action 1 : Safety assessments in the light of the accident at
TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
Undertake assessment of the safety vulnerabilities of nuclear power
plants in the light of lessons learned to date from the accident

• Member States to promptly undertake a national assessment of the

design of NPPS against site specific extreme natural hazards and to
implement the necessary corrective actions in a timely manner.
• The IAEA Secretariat, taking into account existing experiences, to develop
a methodology and make it available for Member States that may wish
to use it in carrying out their national assessments.
• The IAEA Secretariat, upon request, to provide assistance and support to
MSs in the implementation of a national assessment of the design of
NPPs against site specific extreme natural hazards.
• The IAEA Secretariat, upon request, to undertake peer reviews of national
assessments and to provide additional support to Member States.

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 2: IAEA peer reviews
Strengthen IAEA peer reviews (PRs) in order to maximize the benefits to
Member States (MSs)
• The Secretariat to strengthen existing IAEA PRs by incorporating lessons
learned and by ensuring that these reviews appropriately address regulatory
effectiveness, operational safety, design safety, and EPR; MSs to provide
experts for PRs.
• The Secretariat, in order to enhance transparency, to provide summary
information on where and when PRs have taken place, and to make publicly
available in a timely manner the results of such reviews with the consent of the
State concerned.
• MSs to be strongly encouraged to voluntarily host PRs including follow-
up reviews, on a regular basis; the IAEA Secretariat to respond in a timely
manner to requests for such reviews.
• The IAEA Secretariat to assess, and enhance as necessary, the
effectiveness of the IAEA peer reviews.
International Atomic Energy Agency
 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 3: Emergency preparedness and response
Strengthen emergency preparedness and response

• MSs to conduct a prompt national review and thereafter regular

reviews of their emergency preparedness and response arrangements
and capabilities, with the IAEA Secretariat providing support and
assistance through Emergency Preparedness Review (EPREV) missions,
as requested.

• The IAEA Secretariat, MSs and relevant international organizations to

review and strengthen the international emergency preparedness and
response framework, taking into account recommendations given in the
final report of the International Action Plan for Strengthening the
International Preparedness and response system for Nuclear and
Radiological Emergencies .

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 3: Emergency preparedness and response (cont’d)
Strengthen emergency preparedness and response

• The IAEA Secretariat, Member States and relevant international

organizations to strengthen the assistance mechanisms to ensure that
necessary assistance is made available promptly. Consideration to be
given to enhancing and fully utilizing the IAEA Response and Assistance
Network (RANET), including expanding its rapid response capabilities.

• Member States to consider, on a voluntary basis, establishing national

rapid response teams that could also be made available internationally
through RANET.

• The IAEA Secretariat, in case of a nuclear emergency and with the consent
of the State concerned, to conduct timely fact-finding missions and to make
the results publicly available.

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 4: National regulatory bodies
Strengthen the effectiveness of national regulatory bodies

• Member States to conduct a prompt national review and thereafter

regular reviews of their regulatory bodies, including an assessment of
their effective independence, adequacy of human and financial resources
and the need for appropriate technical and scientific support, to fulfil their
responsibilities.

• The IAEA Secretariat to enhance the IRRS for peer review of regulatory
effectiveness through a more comprehensive assessment of national
regulations against IAEA Safety Standards.

• Each Member State with nuclear power plants to voluntarily host, on a

regular basis, an IAEA IRRS mission to assess its national regulatory
framework. In addition, a follow-up mission to be conducted within three
years of the main IRRS mission.
International Atomic Energy Agency
 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 5: Operating organizations
Strengthen the effectiveness of operating organizations with respect to
nuclear safety

• MSs to ensure improvement, as necessary, of management systems, safety

culture, human resources management, and scientific and technical capacity
in operating organizations; the IAEA Secretariat to provide assistance to Member
States upon request.

• Each MS with NPPs to voluntarily host at least one IAEA OSART mission
during the coming three years, with the initial focus on older nuclear power
plants. Thereafter, OSART missions to be voluntarily hosted on a regular basis.

• The IAEA Secretariat to strengthen cooperation with WANO by amending their MoU
to enhance information exchange on operating experience and on other relevant
safety and engineering areas and, in consultation with other relevant stakeholders,
to explore mechanisms to enhance communication and interaction among operating
organizations.
International Atomic Energy Agency
 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 6: IAEA Safety Standards
Review and strengthen IAEA Safety Standards and improve their
implementation

• The Commission on Safety Standards and the IAEA Secretariat to review,

and revise as necessary using the existing process in a more efficient
manner, the relevant IAEA Safety Standards in a prioritised sequence.

• Member States to utilize as broadly and effectively as possible the

IAEA Safety Standards in an open, timely and transparent manner.
The IAEA Secretariat to continue providing support and assistance in the
implementation of IAEA Safety Standards.

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Example of IAEA Safety Standards
‘Review and Strengthen’
Lesson Source: Lesson: Expected requirement:
learned plant layout should be Conclusion of the review:
IAEA fact finding based on maintaining a
22.1 As a defence in depth
mission Lesson 1 ‘dry site concept’, where
practicable, as a defence-
measure the plant layout Partially covered by the
(2nd bullet) for physical separation
in-depth measure against
site flooding as well as
and the use of diversity of requirement. The
physical separation and
critical safety systems
shall consider infrequent
diversity of critical safety
extreme external events of requirement 21 in SSR 2/1
systems; a magnitude exceeding the
design basis of the plant. should be strengthened by
adding a paragraph

Source: Lesson: emphasising flood

Particularly in relation to
IAEA fact finding preventing loss of safety protection.
mission Lesson 9 functionality, the
robustness of defence-in-
Japan Report depth against common
lesson 8 cause failure should be
based on providing See also lesson 25.2
Ensuring the water adequate diversity (as well
tightness of as redundancy and physical
essential equipment separation) for essential
safety functions.
and facilities

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 7: International legal framework
Improve the effectiveness of the international legal framework

• States parties to explore mechanisms to enhance the effective implementation

of the CNS, the JC, the Early Notification and Assistance Conventions , and to
consider proposals made to amend the CNS and the Notification Conventions

• Member States to be encouraged to join and effectively implement these

Conventions.

• Member States to work towards establishing a global nuclear liability regime

that addresses the concerns of all States that might be affected by a nuclear
accident with a view to providing appropriate compensation for nuclear
damage. The IAEA International Expert Group on Nuclear Liability (INLEX) to
recommend actions to facilitate achievement of such a global regime. Member
States to give due consideration to the possibility of joining the international nuclear
liability instruments as a step toward achieving such a global regime.

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 8: Member States planning to embark on a nuclear
power programme
Facilitate the development of the infrastructure necessary for Member
States embarking on a nuclear power programme

• Member States to create an appropriate nuclear infrastructure

based on IAEA Safety Standards and other relevant guidance, and
the IAEA Secretariat to provide assistance as may be requested.

• Member States to voluntarily host Integrated Nuclear

Infrastructure Reviews (INIR) and relevant peer review
missions, including site and design safety reviews, prior to
commissioning the first nuclear power plant.

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 9: Capacity Building
Strengthen and maintain capacity building

• Member States with nuclear power programmes and those planning to embark
on such a programme to strengthen, develop, maintain and implement their
capacity building programs, including education, training and exercises at the
national, regional and international levels; to continuously ensure sufficient
and competent human resources necessary to assume their responsibility for
safe, responsible and sustainable use of nuclear technologies; the IAEA
Secretariat to assist as requested. Such programmes to cover all the nuclear safety
related areas, including safe operation, emergency preparedness and response and
regulatory effectiveness and to build upon existing capacity building infrastructures.

• Member States with nuclear power programmes and those planning to embark
on such a programme, to incorporate lessons learned from the accident into
their nuclear power programme infrastructure; the IAEA Secretariat to assist as
requested.

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 10: Protection of people and the environment from
ionizing radiation
Ensure the on-going protection of people and the environment from
ionizing radiation following a nuclear emergency

• MSs, the IAEA Secretariat and other relevant stakeholders to facilitate the use of
available information, expertise and techniques for monitoring, decontamination and
remediation both on and off nuclear sites and the IAEA Secretariat to consider
strategies and programmes to improve knowledge and strengthen capabilities in these
areas.

• MSs, the IAEA Secretariat and other relevant stakeholders to facilitate the use of available
information, expertise and techniques regarding the removal of damaged nuclear fuel and the
management and disposal of radioactive waste resulting from a nuclear emergency.

• MSs, the IAEA Secretariat and other relevant stakeholders to share information
regarding the assessment of radiation doses and any associated impacts on people and
the environment.

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 11: Communication and information dissemination
Enhance transparency and effectiveness of communication and improve
dissemination of information

• MSs, with the assistance of the IAEA Secretariat, to strengthen the emergency
notification system, and reporting and information sharing arrangements and
capabilities.

• MSs, with the assistance of the IAEA Secretariat, to enhance the transparency
and effectiveness of communication among operators, regulators and various
international organizations, and strengthen the IAEA’s coordinating role in this
regard, underlining that the freest possible flow and wide dissemination of safety
related technical and technological information enhances nuclear safety.

• The IAEA Secretariat and MSs, in consultation with the OECD/NEA and the
IAEA International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES) Advisory
Committee to review the application of the INES scale as a communication
tool.
International Atomic Energy Agency
 Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
Action 12: Research and development
Effectively utilize research and development

• Relevant stakeholders, with assistance provided by the IAEA

Secretariat as appropriate, to conduct necessary research
and development in nuclear safety, technology and
engineering, including that related to existing and new
design-specific aspects.

• Relevant stakeholders and the IAEA Secretariat to utilize the

results of research and development and to share them,
as appropriate, to the benefit of all Member States.

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Nuclear Safety Action Team
• The objectives of the Nuclear Safety Action Team, as defined
by the Director General in his statement to the Board of
Governors on 26 September 2011, is to oversee prompt
implementation of the Action Plan and ensure proper
coordination among all stakeholders.

• Implementation of the Action Plan has started and will

contribute to the strengthening of the global nuclear safety
framework. The success of this Action Plan in strengthening
nuclear safety is dependent on its implementation through the
full cooperation and participation of Member States and will
require also the involvement of many other stakeholders.

International Atomic Energy Agency

IAEA Guidance for Developing
Infrastructure

•Sequential development
through the 3 Phases for each
of 19 infrastructure issues

•Ranging from government’s

national position on nuclear
power to procurement of
items and services for the 1st
NPP

37 International Atomic Energy Agency

 Milestones
There are 3 Phases and 3 Milestones:

Phase Milestone
1. Pre-project 1. Ready to make a knowledgeable
commitment to a nuclear programme
2. Decision making 2. Ready to invite bids for the 1st NPP
3. Construction 3. Ready to commission and operate
the 1st NPP

38 International Atomic Energy Agency

Comprehensive Approach to Nuclear Power
19 Key Infrastructure Issues:
• National position
• Nuclear safety
• Management
• Funding and financing
• Legislative framework
• Safeguards
• Regulatory framework
• Radiation protection
• Electrical grid
• Human resources development
39
• Stakeholder involvement
• Site and supporting
facilities
• Environmental protection
• Emergency planning
• Security and physical
protection
• Nuclear fuel cycle
• Radioactive waste
• Industrial involvement
• Procurement
International Atomic Energy Agency
 Phases and Milestones
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
MILESTONE 1
Ready to make a knowledgeable MILESTONE 2 MILESTONE 3
Nuclear power option included
commitment Ready to invite bids Ready to commission and
within the
to a nuclear programme for the first NPP operate the first NPP
national energy strategy

Maintenance and continuous

PHASE 3
Infrastructure development program

infrastructure improvement

Activities to implement a
first NPP

PHASE 2

Preparatory work for the

construction of a NPP after a
policy decision has been
taken

PHASE
Preparing for 1
assuming
commitments
Considerations & a
before
obligations
decision to launch a nuclear
power programme is taken

Pre project Project decision making Construction Operation / decommissioning

NPP Project

Feasibility study Bidding process Commissioning

st.

1  10 – 15 years

40 International Atomic Energy Agency

 IAEA Documents for Phase 1 and 2 Activities

Milestone approach/ Evaluation Methodology/ INIR Guideline

2007 2008 2008

- Responsibilities and Capabilities of NEPIO (Nuclear Energy

Programme Implementing Organization) (2009)
- Initiating Nuclear Power Programmes: Responsibilities and
Capabilities of Owners and Operators
41 International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Energy Programme Implementing Organization
(NEPIO)
Government

Electricity Providers
National Industries

Critical Infrastructure
Security
Organisations
? Regulators

Atomic Energy
Organisations. Other Stakeholders

Educators

Planning for a Nuclear Power Programme Involves Many Organizations!

42 International Atomic Energy Agency

 Role of the Main Entities
Ready toReady
maketoa knowledgeable
make a Ready to Ready to commission and
Ready to
commitment to a nuclear
knowledgeable programme
decision invite bids operate thecommission
first NPP

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Role of the Government

Implementation of the Regulatory Body

Implementation of the Operating Organization

M1 M2 M3
43 International Atomic Energy Agency
Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Reviews
• Jordan - August 2009 (Phase 1)
• Indonesia - November 2009 (Phase 1)
• Vietnam - December 2009 (Phase 1)
• Thailand - December 2010 (Phase 1)
• UAE - January 2011 (Phase 1&2)

44 International Atomic Energy Agency

 INIR
1 National Position Phase 1
Condition Status
1.1 Safety, security and non-proliferation needs Minor Actions Needed
recognized
1.2 NEPIO established and staffed No Actions Needed
1.3 National strategy defined No Actions Needed
2 Nuclear Safety Phase 1
Condition Status
2.1 Understanding of key elements of nuclear Minor Actions Needed
safety
2.2 Need of intergovernmental instruments on No Actions Needed
safety
2.3 Support through international cooperation Significant Actions Needed

45 International Atomic Energy Agency

 Guidance Document on Nuclear Security
Infrastructure for a Nuclear Power Programme

• It follows the Milestones document NG-G-3.1 –

infrastructure requirements for the development of a
nuclear power program

• Each Phase (1-3) precedes a Milestone (1-3)

• The Milestones are:
• ready to make a knowledgeable decision to launch a nuclear power
programme;
• Ready to invite bids for the first NPP;
• Ready to commission and operate a NPP

46 International Atomic Energy Agency

 Guidance Document on Nuclear Security
Infrastructure for a Nuclear Power Programme
(Cont’d)

Audience
• National legislators and other entities, including
competent authorities and operators with
responsibility for various aspects of nuclear security;
• Newcomer States or those considering whether to
embark on nuclear power programme;
• Member States with established nuclear power
programme who wish to assess the effectiveness of
their nuclear security infrastructure.

47 International Atomic Energy Agency

 Guidance Document on Nuclear Security
Infrastructure for a Nuclear Power Programme
(Cont’d)

Scope
• Holistic approach – incorporates the entire
infrastructure for nuclear security – not just
nuclear material and nuclear facilities

• National Nuclear security infrastructure is part of

the global framework. Each State is responsible
for establishing, implementing and sustaining its
national nuclear security infrastructure.

48 International Atomic Energy Agency

 Guidance Document on Nuclear Security
Infrastructure for a Nuclear Power Programme
(Cont’d)

• Introduction
• National Policy and Strategy
• Legislative and Regulatory framework
• Common Nuclear Security Measures for an Effective
Nuclear Security Infrastructure
• Nuclear Security Measures for Nuclear Material and
Nuclear Facilities
• Nuclear Security Measures for Radioactive Material,
Associated Activities and Facilities
• Nuclear Security Measures for Nuclear and other
Radioactive Material out of Regulatory Control
• International Cooperation
49 International Atomic Energy Agency
 Communiqué of the Washington
Nuclear Security Summit

• 13 April 2010, the 47 States that attended the

Nuclear Security Summit
• ……stating that they "reaffirm the essential role
of the IAEA in the international nuclear security
framework …"
• IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano
welcomed the strong support expressed by the
47 Heads of State and Government, saying
"I am pleased that the IAEA´s efforts to make
nuclear facilities and borders more secure to
reduce the threat of nuclear terrorism are
recognized at the highest levels of
government."
International Atomic Energy Agency
 Nuclear Security

Prevention Detection Response

“The prevention and detection of and response to,
theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal
transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear
material, other radioactive substances or their
associated facilities.”

International Atomic Energy Agency

 IAEA - Improving Nuclear Security

• Promoting international legal

instruments and implementation
• Developing recommendations and
guidelines
• Evaluation and advisory services
• Human resource development
• Information services
• Technical improvements and upgrades

International Atomic Energy Agency

 Human Resource Development
Training 2002-2011

• Wide variety of training events offered:

• >400 training events
• >75 hosting States
• >10,000 trainees from >120 States
• Support for regional centers Malaysia,
Obninsk/RF, India, China, Ghana,
Morocco, Pakistan,…

International Atomic Energy Agency

 The IAEA’s involvement in Major Public
Events

Major Public Events Date

Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, Greece 2004
FIFA World Cup, Germany 2006
XV Pan American Games, Brazil 2007
Games of the XXIX Olympiad, China 2008
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meeting, Peru 2008
IX South American Games, Colombia 2010
FIFA World Cup, South Africa 2010
XIX Commonwealth Games, India 2010
XVI Pan American Games, Mexico 2011
FIFA U-20 World Cup, Colombia 2011
African Cup of Nations, Gabon, 2012
UEFA EURO, Poland and Ukraine 2012

International Atomic Energy Agency

Co-operation with International
Organizations

International Atomic Energy Agency

N.Bakri@iaea.org

International Atomic Energy Agency