What are the main parts of a power system?

1 – Source.

2 – Coupling

3 – Amplification

4 – Modulation

What are de 3 different types of diodes

General purpose, fast diodes, Schottky.

Sketch the characteristics graph of a diode.

What is the cathode and the anode?

The lead attached to the n-type semiconductor is called the cathode. Thus, the cathode is the
negative side of the diode. The positive side of the diode — that is, the lead attached to the p-type
semiconductor — is called the anode.

What are the 3 main types of transistors?

BJT, MOSFET and IGBT.

Which transistor is activated by current?

NPN BJT are suitable for regular uses when high power is not required

Which transistor is activated by voltage?

MOSFET

According to the power and frequency characteristics create a table in which you explain the
main differences between transistor.

Describe 3 possible applications for a diode.

Diodes are used for rectifiers, DC-DC converters and in supporting roles.

What is the output frequency of a full bridge if you do not put a capacitor?

What is the inverse recovery time?

When switching from the conducting to the blocking state, a diode or rectifier has stored
charge that must first be discharged before the diode blocks reverse current. This
discharge takes a finite amount of time known as the Reverse Recovery Time, or trr. During
this time, diode current may flow in the reverse direction.
• As we can imagine there is a defined time for holes and electrons to move in the junction.

• When the voltage applied is reduce to zero or a negative voltaje is applied the diode
continues the conduction process.

• Minority carriers require certain time for neutralize the oposite charges.
Sketch the diagram for a full bridge rectifier and explain the input and output signals.

What is the circuit in which a thyristor is based on?

Zero crossing detector – Is a circuit based on semiconductors and other type of technology
that will be able to “know” wheter the V = 0 is crossed or not.
Sketch the characteristics graph for a thyristor.

• For a direct polarization:

1) Need a current.
2) Voltage in direct polarization.
3) A pulse is applied after these stages.
4) The thyristor is activated.

Explain the theory of a dimmer.

A dimmer is a device that is originally created to control the brightness of lamps.

This is done by altering the total power delivered to the lamp and thus the brightness. The
following schematic demonstrates a basic type of dimmer:

The operation of the dimmer is based on the fact that, during a full cycle of an AC
waveform, a thyristor will only allow a part of the waveform to be delivered to the load
(lamp). Take a look at the following waveforms:
 Both waveforms above comes from the same dimmer. The only difference is that the
waveform on the left will bright the lamp higher than the waveform on the right. That is
because, on the left waveform, the triac will be conductive earlier than the triac shown in the
right waveform.

The time that the triac becomes conductive is symbolized with the Greek letter α
(ALPHA) and is measured in angles from the zero point of the waveform. This zero point is
the point that the voltage is 0 volts, and this happens 2 times every one full period of the
wave form. When the α becomes smaller, then the dimmer becomes conductive sooner and
the lamp is brighter. When the α becomes bigger, then the triac delays more to become
conductive and thus the lamb is dimmer.

A full wavelength period is 360 degrees (2π). Due to the fact that during a full wave
length the zero cross occurs twice, α can take values from 0° to 180 degrees (0 - π). When
α = 0°, the full power is delivered to the load and when α = π, no power is delivered to the
load.
What are the 3 zones of operation for BJT transistor?

The first region is called cutoff

The second region is called saturation

The final region of operation of the BJT is the forward active region. It is in this region that the
transistor can act as a fairly linear amplifier

Explain 3 possible applications for a transistor.

Switches

Logic shiffters (signal inverter)

Amplifiers

What is a PWM?

Pulse width modulation is a strategy in which is posible to control the Duty Cycle (Percentage ON
for a signal).

The application of PWM in transistors is a foundation of electronic devices like computers,

processors and other devices.

Diodes (Single Switch), Thyristors and Transistor What they have in common?

1. All of these devices are made of semiconductor junctions (P and N). These junctions
depend entirely on the structure for what the device will be used for.

2. They can be used as a switch under different circumstances.

3. They can manage electrical flow and the have different power handling capabilites.

4. Turn on and turn off.

Transitors