Trends Shaping Education 2016 - © OECD 2015

Chapter 2. TFigure 2.5. Military expenditure decreasing

Version 1 - Last updated: 17-Dec-2015
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Trends Shaping Education 2016 - OECD

Military expenditure decreasing

Military spending as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in OECD countries, 1988, 2000 and 2013

8.00
1988 2000 2013
7.00
6.00
% of GDP

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
Belgium

Chile

France

Greece
United Kingdom

BRIICS average
Luxembourg

Mexico
Iceland

Switzerland

Finland

Denmark

Poland
Hungary

Germany

Norway
Italy

Turkey
Ireland

Spain
New Zealand
Japan

Sweden

Russian Federaton
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
Canada

South Africa
Austria

Slovenia

Australia

Estonia

Korea

Indonesia

China

India
Netherlands

United States
Portugal

Israel

Brazil
OECD Countries BRIICS

1988 2000 2013

OECD Count
Iceland 0.12
Luxembourg 0.88 0.60 0.51
Ireland 1.06 0.70 0.52
Mexico 0.54 0.49 0.62
Switzerland 1.57 1.03 0.74
Austria 1.29 0.98 0.75
Hungary 2.37 1.70 0.91
Spain 1.91 1.18 0.92
New Zealand 2.39 1.23 0.99
Japan 0.86 0.97 0.99
Belgium 2.51 1.34 1.00
Canada 1.98 1.12 1.01
Slovak Republic 1.94 1.66 1.02
Czech Republic 2.02 1.88 1.03
Sweden 2.41 1.87 1.12
Slovenia 1.58 1.10 1.14
Netherlands 2.61 1.44 1.21
Finland 1.56 1.24 1.22
 Germany 2.51 1.45 1.31
Denmark 2.02 1.46 1.36
Norway 2.89 1.74 1.41
Italy 2.21 1.96 1.52
Australia 2.36 1.93 1.63
Poland 2.38 1.83 1.77
Estonia 0.96 1.38 1.93
Chile 4.17 2.65 1.96
Portugal 2.39 1.86 2.10
United Kingdom 3.85 2.30 2.16
France 3.53 2.47 2.18
Turkey 2.94 3.75 2.32
Greece 3.59 3.45 2.45
Korea 4.02 2.46 2.60
United States 5.58 2.93 3.82
Israel 18.60 7.56 5.65
BRIICS Indonesia 1.53 0.68 0.92
South Africa 4.62 1.39 1.13
Brazil 2.13 1.73 1.38
China 2.57 1.84 2.01
BRIICS average 3.20 2.02 2.02
India 3.61 2.95 2.45
Russian Federation 4.76 3.55 4.22

Source: World Bank (2015), Military Expenditure (% of GDP), World DataBank, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS,

Note: Due to availability of data, 1990 figure used for Poland 1991 figure used for Hungary, 1993 figures used for the Czech Republic, an
Estonia and Slovenia for 1988, and 2012 data was used for Iceland for 2013. Additionally, Israel is off the chart at over 18% and 7% in 19
data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including
government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operatio
expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; op
research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current exp
for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however
information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military bu
reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kin
security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)
ereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
France

Greece

BRIICS average
Turkey

Russian Federaton
South Africa
Korea

Indonesia

China

India
United States
Israel

Brazil

BRIICS
 k.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS, accessed 14 April 2015.

ures used for the Czech Republic, and Slovak Republic, and 1995 figure used for
off the chart at over 18% and 7% in 1988 and 2000, respectively. Military expenditures
ditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other
ined and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such
l and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military
uded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as
ot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed
nditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense,
nd civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social
of any territory, city or area.